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MARK V 燃气轮机控制系统

MARK V 燃气轮机控制系统
MARK V 燃气轮机控制系统

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INTRODUCTION

The SPEEDTRONIC ?Mark V Gas Turbine Control System is the latest derivative in the highly successful SPEEDTRONIC ?series.Preceding systems were based on automated tur-bine control, protection and sequencing tech-niques dating back to the late 1940s, and have grown and developed with the available technol-ogy. Implementation of electronic turbine con-trol, protection and sequencing originated with the Mark I system in 1968. The Mark V system is a digital implementation of the turbine automa-tion techniques learned and refined in more than 40 years of successful experience, over 80%of which has been through the use of electronic control technology.

The SPEEDTRONIC ?Mark V Gas Turbine Control System employs current state-of-the-art technology, including triple-redundant 16-bit microprocessor controllers, two-out-of-three vot-ing redundancy on critical control and protec-tion parameters and Software-Implemented Fault Tolerance (SIFT). Critical control and pro-tection sensors are triple redundant and voted by all three control processors. System output signals are voted at the contact level for critical solenoids, at the logic level for the remaining contact outputs and at three coil servo valves for analog control signals, thus maximizing both protective and running reliability. An indepen-dent protective module provides triple redun-dant hardwired detection and shutdown on overspeed along with detecting flame. This mod-ule also synchronizes the turbine generator to the power system. Synchronization is backed up by a check function in the three control proces-sors.

The Mark V Control System is designed to ful-fill all gas turbine control requirements. These include control of liquid, gas or both fuels in accordance with the requirements of the speed,load control under part-load conditions, tem-perature control under maximum capability conditions or during startup conditions. In addi-tion, inlet guide vanes and water or steam injec-tion are controlled to meet emissions and oper-ating requirements. If emissions control uses

Dry Low NO x techniques, fuel staging and com-bustion mode are controlled by the Mark V sys-tem, which also monitors the process.Sequencing of the auxiliaries to allow fully auto-mated startup, shutdown and cooldown are also handled by the Mark V Control System. Turbine protection against adverse operating situations and annunciation of abnormal conditions are incorporated into the basic system.

The operator interface consists of a color graphic monitor and keyboard to provide feed-back regarding current operating conditions.Input commands from the operator are entered using a cursor positioning device. An arm/exe-cute sequence is used to prevent inadvertent tur-bine operation. Communication between the operator interface and the turbine control is through the Common Data Processor, or , to the three control processors called , and . The operator interface also handles com-munication functions with remote and external devices. An optional arrangement, using a redundant operator interface, is available for those applications where integrity of the exter-nal data link is considered essential to contin-ued plant operations. SIFT technology protects against module failure and propagation of data errors. A panel mounted back-up operator dis-play, directly connected to the control proces-sors, allows continued gas turbine operation in the unlikely event of a failure of the primary operator interface or the module.

Built-in diagnostics for troubleshooting pur-poses are extensive and include “power-up,”background and manually initiated diagnostic routines capable of identifying both control panel and sensor faults. These faults are identi-fied down to the board level for the panel and to the circuit level for the sensor or actuator components. The ability for on-line replacement of boards is built into the panel design and is available for those turbine sensors where physi-cal access and system isolation are feasible. Set points, tuning parameters and control constants are adjustable during operation using a security password system to prevent unauthorized access.Minor modifications to sequencing and the addition of relatively simple algorithms can be SPEEDTRONIC? MARK V GAS TURBINE

CONTROL SYSTEM

T. Ashley

GE Power Systems Schenectady, NY

D. Johnson and R.W. Miller

GE Drive Systems

Salem, VA

accomplished when the turbine is not operating. They are also protected by a security password.

A printer is included in the control system and is connected via the operator interface. The printer is capable of copying any alpha-numeric display shown on the monitor. One of these dis-plays is an operator configurable demand dis-play that can be automatically printed at a selectable interval. It provides an easy means to obtain periodic and shift logs. The printer auto-matically logs time-tagged alarms, as well as the clearance of alarms. In addition, the printer will print the historical trip log that is frozen in memory in the unlikely event of a protective trip. The log assists in identifying the cause of a trip for trouble shooting purposes.

The statistical measures of reliability and avail-ability for SPEEDTRONIC?Mark V systems have quickly established the effectiveness of the new control because it builds on the highly success-ful SPEEDTRONIC?Mark IV system. Improvements in the new design have been made in microprocessors, I/O capacity, SIFT technology, diagnostics, standardization and operator information, along with continued application flexibility and careful design for maintainability. SPEEDTRONIC?Mark V con-trol is achieving greater reliability, faster mean-time-to repair and improved control system availability than the SPEEDTRONIC?Mark IV applications.

As of May 1994, almost 264 Mark V systems had entered commercial service and system operation has exceeded 1.4 million hours. The established Mark V level of system reliability, including sensors and actuators, exceeds 99.9 percent, and the fleet mean-time-between-forced-outages (MTBFO) stands at 28,000 hours. As of May 1994, there were 424 gas tur-bine Mark V systems and 106 steam turbine Mark V systems shipped or on order.

CONTROL SYSTEM HISTORY The gas turbine was introduced as an industri-al and utility prime mover in the late 1940s with initial applications in gas pipeline pumping and utility peaking. The early control systems were based on hydro-mechanical steam turbine gov-erning practice, supplemented by a pneumatic temperature control, preset startup fuel limiting and manual sequencing. Independent devices provided protection against overspeed, overtem-perature, fire, loss of flame, loss of lube oil and high vibration.

Through the early years of the industry, gas turbine control designs benefited from the rapid growth in the field of control technology. The hydro-mechanical design culminated in the “fuel regulator” and automatic relay sequencing for automatic startup, shutdown and cooldown where appropriate for unattended installations. The automatic relay sequencing, in combination with rudimentary annunciator monitoring, also allowed interfacing with SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems for true continuous remote control operation.

This was the basis for introduction of the first electronic gas turbine control in 1968. This sys-tem, ultimately known as the SPEEDTRONIC?Mark I Control, replaced the fuel regulator, pneumatic temperature control and electro-mechanical starting fuel control with an elec-tronic equivalent. The automatic relay sequenc-ing was retained and the independent protective functions were upgraded with electronic equiva-lents where appropriate. Because of its electri-cally dependent nature, emphasis was placed on integrity of the power supply system, leading to a DC-based system with AC- and shaft-powered back-ups. These early electronic systems provid-ed an order of magnitude increase in running reliability and maintainability.

Once the changeover to electronics was achieved, the rapid advances in electronic sys-tem technology resulted in similar advances in gas turbine control technology (Table 1). Note that more than 40 years of gas turbine control experience has involved more than 5,400 units, while the 26 years of electronic control experi-ence has been centered on more than 4,400 tur-bine installations. Throughout this time period, the control philosophy shown in Table 2has developed and matured to match the capabili-ties of the existing technology. This philosophy emphasizes safety of operation, reliability, flexi-bility, maintainability and ease of use, in that order.

CONTROL SYSTEM

FUNCTIONS

The SPEEDTRONIC?Gas Turbine Control System performs many functions including fuel, air and emissions control; sequencing of turbine fuel and auxiliaries for startup, shutdown and cooldown; synchronization and voltage match-ing of the generator and system; monitoring of all turbine, control and auxiliary functions; and protection against unsafe and adverse operating conditions. All of these functions are performed in an integrated manner that is tailored to achieve the previously described philosophy in

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the stated priority.

The speed and load control function acts to control the fuel flow under part-load conditions to satisfy the needs of the governor. Temperature control limits fuel flow to a maxi-mum consistent with achieving rated firing tem-peratures and controls air flow via the inlet guide vanes to optimize part-load heat rates on heat recovery applications. The operating limits of the fuel control are shown in Figure 1. A block diagram of the fuel, air and emissions con-trol systems is shown in Figure 2. The input to the system is the operator command for speed (when separated from the grid) or load (when connected). The outputs are the commands to

the gas and liquid fuel control systems, the inlet guide vane positioning system and the emissions control system. A more detailed discussion of

the control functionality required by the gas tur-

bine may be found in Reference 1.

The fuel command signal is passed to the gas

and liquid fuel systems via the fuel signal divider

in accordance with the operator’s fuel selection. Startup can be on either fuel and transfers

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Table 2

GAS TURBINE CONTROL PHILOSOPHY

Single control failure alarms when running or during

startup

Protection backs up control, thus independent

Two independent means of shutdown will be available

ADVANCES IN ELECTRONIC CONTROL CONCEPTS

GT17610B

Figure 1.Gas turbine generator controls and

limits

under load are accomplished by transitioning from one system to the other after an appropri-ate fill time to minimize load excursions. System characteristics during a transfer from gas to liq-uid fuel are illustrated in Figure 3. Purging of the idle fuel system is automatic and continuous-ly monitored to ensure proper operation. Transfer can be automatically initiated on loss of supply of the running fuel, which will be alarmed, and will proceed to completion with-out operator intervention. Return to the origi-nal fuel is manually initiated.

The gas fuel control system is shown schemat-ically in Figure 4. It is a two-stage system, incor-porating a pressure control proportional to speed and a flow control proportional to fuel command. Two stages provide a stable turn-down ratio in excess of 100:1, which is more than adequate for control under starting and warm-up conditions, as well as maximum flow for peak output at minimum ambient tempera-ture. The stop/speed ratio valve also acts as an independent stop valve. It is equipped with an interposed, hydraulically-actuated trip relay that can trip the valve closed independent of control signals to the servo valve. Both the stop ratio and control valves are hydraulically actuated, single-acting valves that will fail to the closed position on loss of either signal or hydraulic pressure. Fuel distribution to the gas fuel noz-zles in the multiple combustors is accomplished by a ring manifold in conjunction with careful control of fuel nozzle flow areas.

The liquid fuel control system is shown schematically in Figure 5. Since the fuel pump is a positive displacement pump, the system achieves flow control by recirculating excess fuel

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Figure 2. Gas turbine fuel control

GT20703B

Figure 3. Dual fuel transfer characteristics gas to liquid

GT17599 Figure 4. Gas fuel control system

from the discharge back to the pump suction. The required turndown ratio is achieved by mul-tiplying the fuel command by a signal propor-tional to turbine speed. The resultant signal positions the pump recirculation, or bypass valve, as appropriate to make the actual fuel flow, as measured by the speed of the liquid fuel flow divider, equal the product of turbine speed and fuel command. This approach ensures a sys-tem in which both the liquid and gas fuel com-mands are essentially equal. Fuel distribution to the liquid fuel nozzles in the multiple combus-tors is achieved via the flow divider. This is a proven mechanical device that consists of care-fully matched gear pumps for each combustor, all of which are mechanically connected to run at the same speed.

Control of nitrogen oxide emissions may be accomplished by the injection of water or steam into the combustors. The amount of water required is a function of the fuel flow, the fuel type, the ambient humidity and nitrogen oxide emissions levels required by the regulations in force at the turbine site. Steam flow require-ments are generally about 40% higher than the equivalent water flow, but have a more benefi-cial effect on turbine performance. Accuracy of the flow measurement, control system and sys-tem monitoring meets or exceeds both EPA and all local code requirements. An independent, fast-acting shutoff valve is provided to ensure against loss of flame from over-watering on sud-den load rejection.

Emissions control using Dry Low NO x com-bustion techniques relies on multiple-combus-GER-3658D

GT17604 Figure 5. Liquid fuel control system

ignition power to the spark plugs and then set-ting firing fuel flow. When flame is detected by the flame detectors, which are on the opposite side of the turbine from the spark plugs, igni-tion and cross-firing are complete. Fuel is reduced to the warm-up value for one minute and the starting device power is brought to max-imum. If successful ignition and cross firing are not achieved within an appropriate period of time, the control system automatically reverts back to the purge sequence, and will attempt a second firing sequence without operator inter-vention. In the unlikely event of incomplete cross firing, it will be detected by the combus-tion monitor as a high exhaust temperature spread prior to loading the gas turbine.

After completion of the warm-up period, fuel flow is allowed to increase and the gas turbine step process that consists of matching turbine generator speed, and sometimes voltage, to the bus, and then closing the breaker at the point where the two are in phase within predeter-mined limits.

Turbine speed is matched to the line frequen-cy with a small positive differential to prevent the generator breaker from tripping on reverse power at breaker closure. In the protective mod-ule, triple-redundant microprocessor-based syn-chronizing methods are used to predict zero-phase angle difference and compensate for breaker closing time to provide true zero angle closure. Acceptable synchronizing conditions are independently verified by the triple-redun-dant control processors as a check function.

At the completion of synchronizing, the tur-bine will be at a spinning reserve load. The final

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Figure 6. Typical gas turbine starting characteristics

about 5% negative power, which drives the gas turbine fuel flow to a minimum value sufficient to maintain flame, but not turbine speed. The gas turbine then decelerates to about 40% to 25% speed, where fuel is completely shut off. As before, the purpose of this “fired shutdown”sequence is to reduce the thermal fatigue duty imposed on the hot gas path parts.

After fuel is shut off, the gas turbine coasts down to a point where the rotor turning system can be effective. The rotor should be turned periodically to prevent bowing from uneven cooldown, which would cause vibration on sub-sequent startups. Turning of the rotor for cool-down or maintenance is accomplished by a ratcheting mechanism on the smaller gas tur-bines, or by operation of a conventional turning gear on some larger gas turbines. Normal cool-down periods vary from five hours on the small-er turbines to as much as 48 hours on some of the larger units. Cool down sequences may be interrupted at any point for a restart if desired. Gas turbines are capable of faster loading in the event of a system emergency. However, ther-mal fatigue duty for these fast load starts is sub-plies the AC power required for ignition and the

local operator interface. Power for the cooling system fans is obtained from the main generator through the power potential transformer after

the generator field is flashed from the battery at about 50% speed. The black start option uses a

DC battery-powered turning device for rotor cooldown to ensure the integrity of the black

start capability.

As mentioned, the protective function acts to

trip the gas turbine independently from the fuel control in the event of overspeed, overtempera-ture, high rotor vibration, fire, loss of flame or

loss of lube oil pressure. With the advent of microprocessors, additional protective features have been added with minimum impact on run-

ning reliability due to the redundancy of the microprocessors, sensors and signal processing.

The added functions include combustion and thermocouple monitoring, high lube oil header temperature, low hydraulic supply pressure, multiple control computer faults and compres-

sor surge for the aircraft-derivative gas turbines. Because of their nature or criticality, some protective functions trip the stop valve through

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result in direct hydraulic actuation of the stop Interfacing to other application-specific trip functions is provided through the three control processors, the hardwired protection module or the hydraulic trip system. These trip functions include turbine shutdown for generator protec-tive purposes and combined-cycle coordination with heat recovery steam generators and single-shaft STAG?steam turbines. The latter is hydraulically integrated as shown in Figure 7. Other protective coordination is provided as required to meet the needs of specific applica-

SPEEDTRONIC? MARK V CONTROL CONFIGURATION The SPEEDTRONIC?Mark V control system makes increased use of modern microprocessors and has an enhanced system configuration. It uses SIFT technology for the control, a new triple-redundant protective module and a signif-icant increase in hardware diagnostics. Standardized modular construction enhances quality, speed of installation, reliability and ease of on-line maintenance. The operator interface has been improved with color graphic displays and standardized links to remote operator sta-

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Figure 7. Protective system block diagram; SPEEDTRONIC?Mark V turbine control

Figure 8. Standard control configuration

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command and the error signal passed through a transfer function and a D/A converter to a cur-rent amplifier. The current amplifier from each control processor drives one of the three coils. The servo valve acts on the sum of the ampere turns. If one of the three channels fails, the maximum current that one failed amplifier can deliver is overridden by the combined signals from the remaining two good amplifiers. The result is that the turbine continues running under control.

The SIFT system ensures that the output fuel command signals to the digital servo stay in step. As a result, almost all single failures will not cause an appreciable bump in the con-trolled turbine parameter. Diagnostics of LVDT excitation voltage, LVDT outputs that disagree,is accomplished on a trip card associated with the module. The trip card merges trip contact signals from the emergency overspeed, the main control processors, manual trip push buttons and other hardwired customer trips. Overspeed and synchronization functions are independently performed in both the triple-redundant control and triple-redundant protec-tive hardware, which reduces the probability of machine overspeed or out of phase synchroniz-ing to the lowest achievable values. SPEEDTRONIC?Mark V control provides interfaces to DCS systems for plant control from the processor. The two interfaces available are Modbus Slave Station and a standard ether-net link, which complies with the IEEE-802.3 specification for the physical and medium access

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GT20782A

Figure 9. Digital servo position loops

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RDC26449-2-5 Figure 11. Mark V turbine control panel

HARDWARE

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dedicated voting hardware. For critical outputs, such as the fuel command, the recombination of the signals is done by the servo valve on the tur-bine itself as previously explained.

For example, up to four critical 4 ma to 20 ma outputs are voted in a dedicated electronic cir-cuit. The circuit selects the median signal for output. It takes control power for the electronics and the actual output current from all three sec-tions such that any two control sections will sus-tain the correct output. Non-critical outputs are software voted and output by the I/O associated with .

Logic outputs are voted by dedicated hard-ware relay driver circuits that require two or three “on” signals to pick up the output relay. Control power for the circuit and output relay is taken from all three control sections. Protective functions are accomplished by the control processors and, for overspeed, indepen-dently by the Protective Module

as well. Primary speed pickups are wired to the control processors and used for both speed control and primary overspeed protection. The trip com-mands, generated by the primary overspeed pro-tective function in the control processors, each activate a relay driver. The driver signals are sent to the trip card in the protective model where independent relays are actuated. Contacts from each of these three primary protective trip relays are voted to cause the trip solenoid to drop out. Separate overspeed pickups are brought to the independent protective module. Their relay contacts are wired in a voting arrangement to the other side of the trip solenoid and indepen-dently cause the trip solenoid to drop out on detection of overspeed.

The processor is equipped with a hard disk which keeps the records that define the site software configuration. It comes from GE with the site-specific software properly configured. For most upgrades, the basic software configura-tion on the disk is replaced with new software from the GE factory. The software is quite flexi-ble and most required alterations can be made on site by qualified personnel. Security codes limit access to the programs used to change con-stants and sequencing, do logic forcing, manual control and so forth. These codes are under the control of the owner so that if there is a need to change access codes, new ones can be estab-lished on site. Basic changes in configuration, such as an upgrade to turbine capability, requires that the new software be compiled in and downloaded to the processor modules. The information for is stored in EEPROM there. The information for the control proces-sors is passed through and stored in EEP-ROM in , and . Once the download is complete, the processor can fail and the turbine will continue to run properly, accepting commands from the local backup display while is being repaired.

Changes in control constants can be accom-plished on-line in working memory. For exam-ple, a new set of tuning constants can be tried. If they are found to be satisfactory, they can be uploaded for storage in where they will be retained for use in any subsequent software download. also keeps a complete list of vari-ables that can be displayed and printed.

The most critical algorithms for protection, control and sequencing have evolved over many years of GE gas turbine experience. These basic algorithms are in EPROM. They are tuned and adapted with constants that are field adjustable. By protecting these critical algorithms from inadvertent change, the performance and safety of the complete fleet of GE gas turbines is made more secure.

OPERATION AND

MAINTENANCE

The operator interface is comprised of a VGA color graphics monitor, keyboard and printer. The functions available on the operator inter-face are shown in Table 6.

Displays for normal operation center around the unit control display. It shows the status of major selections and presents key turbine parameters in a table that includes the variable name, value and engineering units. A list of the oldest three unacknowledged alarms appears on this screen. The operator interface also supports an operator-entered list of variables, called a user defined display, where the operator can type in any turbine-generator variable and it will be added to the variable list. Commands that change the state of the turbine require an arm activate sequence to avoid accidental operation. The exception is setpoint incrementing com-mands, which are processed immediately and do not require an arm-activate sequence.

Alarm management screens list all the alarms in the chronological order of their time tags. The most recent alarm is added to the top of the display list. The line shows whether the alarm has been acknowledged or not, and whether the alarm is still active. When the alarm condition clears, the alarm can be reset. If reset is selected and the alarm has not cleared, the alarm does

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GER-3658D Figure 15. Control system reliability

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REFERENCES

1.Rowen, W.I., “Operating Characteristics of

Heavy-Duty Gas Turbines in Utility Service,”

ASME Paper No. 88-GT-150, presented at the

Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress,

Amsterdam, Netherlands, June 6-9, 1988.

? 1996 GE Company

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.Gas turbine generator controls and limits

Figure 2.Gas turbine fuel control

Figure 3.Dual fuel transfer characteristics gas to liquid

Figure 4.Gas fuel control system

Figure 5.Liquid fuel control system

Figure 6.Typical gas turbine starting characteristics

Figure 7.Protective system block diagram; SPEEDTRONIC?Mark V turbine control

Figure 8.Standard control configuration

Figure 9.Digital servo position loops

Figure 10.Mark V operator interface

Figure 11.Mark V turbine control panel

Figure 12.Panel internal arrangement

Figure 13.Module map of panel interior

Figure 14.Typical processor module

Figure 15.Control system reliability

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.Advances in electronic control concepts

Table 2.Gas turbine control philosophy

Table 3.Simple cycle package power plant starting times

Table 4.Critical redundant sensors

Table 5.Interfacing options

Table 6.Operator interface functions

Table 7.Monitoring and diagnostics

用于控制系统中的误差监测和处理的系统和方法

摘要:在第一实施例中,用于控制微电网的系统包含基于处理器的控制系统。该控制系统配置成经由通信路径从微电网系统内的至少一个微电网资产接收信息并且识别与微电网系统的操作关联的一个或多个误差。另外,控制系统配置成采用一个或多个动作对一个或多个识别的误差作出响应。来自一个或多个识别的误差的每个识别的误差与来自一个或多个动作的至少一个动作关联。此外,控制系统配置成生成优化分派调度,其具有配置成控制微电网操作来减少成本并且提高微电网的操作效率的一个或多个控制信号。优化分派调度至少部分基于对一个或多个识别的误差的响应。 发明人A.哈吉米拉哈M .R .达达什扎德I .拉杜卡努 1 .一种用于控制微电网的系统,包括: 基于处理器的控制系统,配置成: 经由通信路径从微电网系统内的多个微电网资产接收信息; 识别与所述微电网系统的操作关联的一个误差;所述误差包括以下其中之一: 所述多个微电网资产的第一个微电网资产的不可观察性误差; 以及所述多个微电网资产的第一个微电网资产的不可控性误差; 生成优化分派调度,包括配置成控制所述微电网操作来提高所述微电网的操作效率的一个或多个控制信号,其中,如果所述误差被识别在生成所述优化分派调度之前,排除与所 述误差关联的所述多个微电网资产的第一个微电网资产产生优化分派调度; 以及确定所述控制系统是自动模式或顾问模式; 如果所述系统在自动模式,经由所述通信路径将所述优化分派调度的至少一部分输送给与所述多个微电网资产的第二个微电网资产关联的基于处理器的局部控制器,其中所述 基于处理器的局部控制器的操作至少部分基于所述优化分派调度的所述部分; 以及如果所述控制系统在顾问自动模式,在存储器中记录所述优化分派调度。 2.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中基于处理器的控制系统配置成对与所述微电网系统的所述操作关联的优化问题生成解决方案,并且其中对所述优化问题的所述解决方案包括配置成控制所述微电网操作来提高所述操作效率的所述一个或多个控制信号。 3.如权利要求2所述的系统,其中所述优化分派调度至少部分基于对所述优化问题的所述解决方案。 4.如权利要求2所述的系统,其中对所述优化问题的所述解决方案在预定预测时域内的多个循环中计算。

项目的监测与控制

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电子信息工程实验教学中心《综合课程设计》设计报告 完成日期:2015/6/30

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烧结智能监测与优化控制系统_

烧结过程智能监测与优化控制系统技术方案 北京北科亿力科技有限公司 2015年3月

目录 1 需求分析 (2) 2 系统功能与控制目标 (3) 系统功能 (3) 控制目标 (3) 3 技术方案 (3) 设备管控 (3) 设备精度控制 (3) 设备运行监控 (3) 烧结过程优化控制系统 (3) 无扰换堆模型 (3) 配料计算模型 (3) 水分跟踪与控制模型 (3) 烧透点分析与控制模型 (3) 燃烧一致性控制模型 (3) 烧结过程热状态分析模型 (3) 成品质量管控系统 (3) 碱度分析与控制 (3) 亚铁分析与控制 (3) 精细化管理平台 (3) 能源及原料消耗 (3) 数据仓库 (3) 生产报表 (3) 数据采集 (3) 质量管理 (3) 4 烧结二级系统实现 (3) 硬件系统 (3) 建立数据库 (3) 开发软件系统 (3) 5 效益分析 (3) 6 设备清单与供货范围 (3)

1 需求分析 随着烧结设备的大型化和高炉对烧结矿质量要求的提高,烧结过程计算机控制技术的作用和成效更为显著,烧结自动控制水平已成为衡量烧结工艺水平的一个重要标志。近年来新建和大修改建的大中型烧结机都配置了计算机自动控制系统,但由于缺少品种齐全、性能优良的检测仪器仪表和必要的人工智能控制技术,我国的烧结自动控制系统与世界先进水平相比,在劳动生产率、生产成本、质量和能耗等方面仍存在着较大的差距。因此,如何利用烧结过程的全方位信息,采用先进的控制技术和优化方法,使整个烧结生产运行处于最优状态,仍是我国钢铁企业目前需要解决的关键问题之一。 烧结过程的控制非常复杂,它涉及到温度、压力、速度以及流量等大量物理参数,包括物理变化、化学反应、液相生成等复杂过程,以及气体在固体料层中的分布、温度场分布等多方面的问题。从控制的角度来看,烧结生产过程具有大滞后、多变量、强非线性以及强耦合性等特点,属于工艺流程长、控制设备大型化的连续复杂工业过程,传统的依靠人工“眼观—手动”的调节方法已经无法满足大型烧结设备的控制要求,需要更加精确和稳定的自动控制。 因此,为实现烧结过程稳定、提高烧结矿产量和质量以及降低能耗等目标,采用多种检测仪表和先进控制设备(计算机控制系统、集散控制系统、可编程序控制器),结合自动化技术、传统控制技术、智能控制技术、计算机技术、信息技术、网络通信技术,在实现生产过程自动化和稳定化的基础上,建立烧结过程智能优化控制系统,提高烧结过程控制的自动化、智能化、网络化水平,为企业取得显著地经济效益和社会效益。