读写任务议论文概括

读写任务议论文概括

Learning aims: Learn to write a summary of an article

Important points: Important sentence patterns

Leaning guidance: Learn some useful sentence patterns and articles

一．概括的评卷标准：

1.把握所给材料的整体结构，作者的思路与写作思路，基本观点与论据，找到

主题句和结论句，提炼关键词，然后用自己的话来表达。主题句往往在文章的开头或结尾。

2.避免过多例子和细节。

3.避免使用直接引语。

4.用概括性的语言，避免抄袭原文。能关键点重组，换句表达。

二．写作方法

议论文通常包括论点，论据和结论，因此写议论文的概要主要是找出主题句，支撑句和结论句。其中最主要的是找准主题句。

概要模版：论点+论据（+结论）

三．概括时常用的表达

a)The article deals with /discusses /analyzes/strongly emphasizes...

b)This article not only describes…but also suggests…

c)This article compares…and summarizes key findings…

d)This article gives an account of /provides an analysis of / provides a

method of…

e)The article reports the last information on

f)The problem of sth. is discussed…

g)This article shows /tells us that

h)The author finds it necessary to …

i)The author holds the idea that…, giving it an example of sb. who…(观点+

例证)

j)The author strongly emphasizes the benefits of doing sth such as …

四．典型例题：

阅读下列短文，然后以30个词概括这篇短文的主要内容

Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times．Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and got up early, we would be energetic the whole day．So, getting up early is of great importance to us all．In fact, morning is the best time of a day．In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions．Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than at any other time of the day．If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, we can build our bodies and become much healthier．Also we will have

enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early．However, if we get up late, we'll probably have to do everything in a great hurry．

Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it．If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit a lot from it．

【写作内容】

1．以约30个词概括短文的要点：

解题过程：

第一步，根据文体，找出要点。略读短文，本文是典型的议论文，第一段为论点，第二段为论据，最后一段为结论。首尾呼应。

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

练习1：

摘引法：就是摘用短文中的重点词语或重点句（首起句、总结句、中心句）来概括。

Although big cities provide people with many conveniences, they certainly have their own disadvantages.

Traffic is the first and often most serious problem. The majority of people spend a great deal of time on their way to work or coming back from work. During the rush time, all the streets are jammed with packed buses and endless lines of bicycles and cars, and almost unavoidable traffic accidents occur, resulting in broken limbs and tragic deaths.

Air pollution comes second. Factories and vehicles are constantly giving off smoke and harmful gases. There is no way to get fresh air except to go out of the city on weekends or holidays. If the weather is bad, you will find the whole city overcast with smog. As a result, diseases induced by pollution are now a common

occurrence.

However, noise, and violence are to be found in every big city and the situation seems to get worse year by year. In short, life in big cities is rather unnatural and unhealthy. To me, it is silly of people to choose to live in big cities.

通过阅读全文，不难看出短文中每一段的首句即为该段的中心意思。将每一段段落大意放在一起便可以作为这篇段文的概括：

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

练习2：

综合法: 就是围绕文章的中心进行概括。如

A typical Chinese family in the past was quite large with many children, uncles and aunts living in the same courtyard. Parents and their children lived with their grandparents. Most Chinese families consisted of three generations who shared the same roof.

But now the Chinese family has changed a great deal. The traditional large families are gradually disappearing and instead, with the housing reform and due to the family planning, one-child family with only the parents and a child is quite common in today’s society.

With the change of the family structure, however, a few disadvantages have arisen. First, with only one child in a family, it’s easy to f ind a spoiled “little emperor” everywhere. Second, who will take care of the old people in the future? Though one-child may bring about these serious problems, I felt quite sure that we will find solutions to them.

本文讲了三层意思。

第一段

_____________________________________________________________________ 第二段

_____________________________________________________________________ 第三段

_____________________________________________________________________ 这样综合三层的意思，短文大意可以概括为:

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

答案：

典型例题

论点：Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit./ getting up early is of great importance to us all.

论据：…we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning./ If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, we can build our bodies and become much healthier．/ Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early．结论：If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit a lot from it．

The passage tries to tell us (论点) that getting up early in the morning (论据) will benefit us a lot，including a better memory, healthier body and better preparation for the day.

练习1

The passage holds the view that although big cities offer people many conveniences, they also have their own shortcomings, such as the problems of traffic, air pollution, noise, and violence, which makes it unwise to live in big cities.

练习2

A typical Chinese family in the past was quite large.

Now the Chinese family has changed a great deal.

A few disadvantages have arisen.

The passage compares the structure of the Chinese family which is changing. A typical Chinese family was large, but now it has changed into a smaller one, which has brought many disadvantages to our society.

任务型作文

任务型作文 一、何为任务驱动型作文？ “任务驱动型作文”源自于西方国家日常语言教学和写作教学的“任务型语言教学法”，这种语言教学法是基于建构主义理论而提出的，其核心是在明确“任务”的前提下，完成语言交际——口语或书面语表达。 这种教学法，根据完成任务过程中所产生的互相影响把任务分成五类：（1）拼板式任务：此类任务要求学生把散乱的若干信息拼成一个整体； （2）信息差任务：两个或两组学生有互补作用的信息，为了完成交际任务，双方必须协商以探清对方的信息； （3）解决问题式任务：给学生一个问题及一系列信息，让其找到一个解决问题的方案。 （4）做决定式任务：给学生一个可能有几种结局的问题，让他们通过协调和讨论选择一种结果，进行论述； （5）交换意见式任务：学生参与讨论、交换意见，但无须达成一致。 国内一些学者在“任务型语言教学法”的基础上，增加“驱动”一词，用于作文教学。在此基础上，教育部考试中心的张开在对2015年高考作文的命题特点及相关问题解读的一篇题为《注重题型设计，强化教育功能》的文章中，明确提出了2015年高考作文的两道题目均属于“任务驱动型作文”，并对其概念做出阐释： “试题往往是给学生创作出一个情境，出现对立性的问题，让考生通过写作，提出解决处理问题的想法和方案……如今年作文中‘写信’‘权衡与选择’等任务型指令，着力发挥试题引导写作任务的功能，使考生在真实的情境中辨析关键概念，在多维度的比较中说理论证。” 他认为，在材料型作文中增加任务驱动型指令，能“较好地解决了材料型作文的泛角度与阐释型作文收缩性之间的矛盾”，是在承继材料作文“自主空间大、立意角度自然、多元”等传统优势的基础上，又在避免套作、宿构方面进行了新的尝试和探索。 我们不妨重温一下2015年两套课标卷作文题目中的“任务指令”： 2015新课标全国一卷：女儿举报老爸(材料作文) 一位父亲在高速公路开车打电话，旁边的孩子一再提醒，父亲不要拨打电话，可是父亲不听劝阻，最终孩子选择报警。警察前来后对父亲进行批评教育，此事引起社会争议。以此为内容，写一封信800字的信。可选择给违章当事人、女儿、警察写。 2015新课标全国二卷：谁最有风采(材料作文) 当代风采人物评选活动已产生最后三名候选人。小李，笃学敏思，矢志创新，为破解生命科学之谜作出重大贡献，率领团队一举跻身为国际学术最前沿。老王，爱岗敬业，练就一手绝活，变普通技术为完美艺术，走出一条从职高生到焊接大师的“大国工匠”之路，小刘，酷爱摄影，跋山涉水捕捉时间美景，他的博客赢得网友一片赞叹：“你带我们品位大千世界”“你帮我们留住美丽乡愁”。这三个人中，你认为谁更具风采？请综合材料内容及含义作文，体现你的思考权衡与选择。要求选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题，不要套作，不得抄袭。

读写任务 ------ 如何举例子, 写作教案新部编本 17

教师学科教案[ 20 – 20 学年度第__学期] 任教学科：_____________ 任教年级：_____________ 任教老师：_____________ xx市实验学校

Teaching Plan on English Writing (17) TOPIC: 读写任务------ 如何举例子 TEACHING GOAL: 1.Help Students know how to give examples 2.Make Students practice the writing skills in writing assignments TEACHING PROCEDURES: Step 1: Greeting Step 2: Lead-in Show some date about the increasing phenomenon of on-line shopping. And then ask students to show us examples to prove the opinion. Later, Discuss in groups and then share in front of the class. 主题: 网购 Shopping on the Internet is becoming very popular. People can shop for a variety of products on it. For example, on the Internet, people can buy various physical products like books, CDs, clothes, etc. They can also buy information products such as online news and stories at the same time. They can download computer softwares from the Internet. What’s more, services such as booking airline tickets or hotel rooms are also available on the Internet. Internet shopping has many advantages, of which the most obvious one is convenience, for the online shops are open 24 hours a day. It is

读写任务概括.

作文专讲 作文是英语学习中的重点, 也是难点。要想写出流畅的作文, 必须多欣赏优秀范文,熟悉文章体裁,了解文章框架,形成写作套路,积累精美语言。只有记诵一定量的优秀范文, 才能保证写作的流畅输出! 同学们要注重错句改正及优秀句子的积累, 注重优秀范文的背诵和写作, 大家一定要积极参与其中, 不断提高自身对英语的感悟能力和使用能力! 要写出好的作文, 平时必须多看范文, 多分析范文。积累有用的词汇、词组和句型。每次作文评改后发回来,要及时改正所犯的错误, 以后不要再犯同样的错误。好的作文必须经过千锤百炼, 多练习多归纳多进步! “ 读写任务” 的写作过程: 1把握阅读材料的结构、思路、观点与意图; 2概括阅读材料的观点(论证过程 3在“ 写作内容” 的引导下写作。 在写概括的时候 , 不能添加自己的见解, 但是要用自己的语言概括。要做到开门见山,语言简洁 . 如果给的阅读材料是一个故事, 应该用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么, 不能拖泥带水,而且要看原文是否有讲述该故事给你的启示或其中的一个道理。如果是说明性或描述性短文 , 你就必须用概括的文字来说明某种现象。 如果是议论文的阅读短文 , 则要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。 在议论部分 ,第一段开头语: 1 According to the passage, we know… 2 This article is mainly about… 3 The writer states that…

4 The passage tells us that… 第二段 :过渡词引出主题句 ---自己的观点 ---理由? 开头用语: ? I do agree with the author… ? In some way, I agree with …, but… ? This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical.? It is definitely not like that. As a matter of fact, …? From my personal angle alone… ? In my opinion,… ? From my personal point of view… ? As far as I’m concerned… 第三段 [最后一段 ] : 总结句开头用语: ? In conclusion,… ? In short,… ? To make a long story short,… ? In general,… ? In a word,… ? In belief,… ? On the whole,…

读写练习

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