中国文化概况(1)

中国文化概况复习题

1. T or F

F1. Confucianism, as one of the influential philosophical schools in pre-Qin times, is a school of thought represented only by C onfucians.

T2. Economic reform and opening-up are the two fundamental state policies of China.

F3. The theme of Chinese literature follows the two main lines: realism and romanticism. The Book of Songs is the fountainhea d of romanticism while Poetry of the South of realism.

F4. Economic development and reform are the fundamental state policies of China.

T5. Equality, unity, mutual assistance and common prosperity are the basic principle of the Chinese government in handling the relations between ethnic groups.

F6. Bian Que, of the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States, was the author of a famous medical work called On Diseases. F7. The Olympic anthem, composed by Spyros Samaras to lyric written by Kostis Palamas, has been the official anthem played at every Olympics since it was written for the first modern Games in 1896.

T8. China’s nine-year compulsory education is composed of two parts: six years in primary school and three years in junior mid dle school.

F9. Beijing Opera is one of the oldest operatic forms in China and is considered the mother of many other types of traditional o peras.

T10. In institution of higher learning of China, “department”(or faculties) are the basic teaching unit.

T11. The one who won the third place of huishi is called tanhua.

T12. Linyin Temple, built in the Eastern Jin Dynasty in Hangzhou, is known as the “Buddhist Kingdom in the S outheast”.

F13. In Beijing Opera, “sheng” refers to female roles.

T14. The layout of ancient architecture is plain, flexible and beautiful.

T15. The first Chinese astronaut into space is Yang Liwei.

F16. Li Bai is one of the “Four Literary Eminances”.

F17. Chinese cheongsam(qipao) was first worn by han ethnic group.

T18. Chinese structures are based on the principle of balance and symmetry.

F19. In Beijing Opera, “jing” refers to female roles.

F20. Qu Yuan is the famous realistic poet.

单选题

1. _____B_____, as the highest peak of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is known as the “roof of the world”.

A. Mount Qogir

B. Mount Qomolangma

C. Mount Lhotse

D. Mount Manaslu

2. In the imperial examination system, the candidate who won the second place was called ______B____.

A. zhuangyuan

B. bangyan

C. tanhua

D. xiucai

3. Which of the following is the largest city in China? __B________

A. Beijing

B. Shanghai

C. Shenzhen

D. Hong Kong

4. Which of the following traditional Chinese Operas was listed in the Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage by the United Nati ons Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in 2001? ___B _______

A. Beijing Opera

B. Kun Qu Opera

C. Chuan Opera

D. Huangmei Opera

5. Hangzhou is famous for silk and ____D______.

A. White Tea

B. Oolong Tea

C. Yellow Tea

D. Longjing Tea

6. Which of the following novels reached the pinnacle of Chinese novels and has been considered an encyclopedia of Chinese li terature? ____B______

A. Journey to the West

B. Dream of the Red Mansions

C. Romance of the Three Kingdoms

D. Water Margin

7._____B_____was the author of the famous medical work called Compendium of Meteria Medica.

A. Zhang Zhongjing

B. Li Shizhen

C. Hua Tuo

D. Pian Que

8.The Beijing Olympic Games is the __D___ _____ Olympic Games.

A. 26th

B. 27th

C. 28th

D. 29th

9. The Elephant Trunk Hill is located at __C________in China.

A. Beijing

B. Hangzhou

C. Guilin

D. Xi’an

10. ____B _____ is the highest organ of state power of China.

A. the president

B. the NPC

C. the State Council

D. the CPPCC

11. Which of the following calligrapher is known as the “sage of Chinese calligraphy? ____C______

A. Ouyang Xiu

B. Yan Zhenqing

C. Wang Xizhi

D. Liu Gongquan

12. _____A_____ has the largest population among the 55 minority ethnic groups.

A. Zhuang ethnic group

B. Hui ethnic group

C. Tujia ethnic group

D. Uygur ethnic group

13. Then modern golf was originated from ___C_______.

A. equestrian polo

B. cuju

C. Chuiwan

D. touhu

14. Which of the following is considered as the national ball game of China? ____B______

A. Badminton

B. Ping-Pong

C. Volleyball

D. Gymnastics

15. ___D______, the author of Four Dreams of Linchuan, enjoys the reputation of “Shakespe are of the East”.

A. Cao Xueqin

B. Guan Hanqing

C. Wu Cheng’en

D. Tang Xianzu

16. _____B_____in Eastern Han Dynasty invented the way to make paper with inexpensive materials.

A. Bi Sheng

B. Cai Lun

C. Zhang Heng

D. Sun Simiao

17. Which work of the following is regarded as the earliest realistic literature in China? C

A. Sorrow after Departure

B. The Book of Change

C. The Book of Songs

D. Poetry of the South

18. ____A______wrote the following novels like The Rickshow Boy and Four Generations Living Together.

A. Lao She

B. Ba Jin

C. Lu Xun

D. Cao Yu

19.“Reco rds of the Grand Historian” was written by whom? __B________

A. Jia Yi

B. Sima Qian

C. Qu Yuan

D. Li Bai

20. ____A______ is regarded as China’s greatest thinker and educator.

A. Confucius

B. Taoist

C. Buddhist

D. Mohist

21. Which is regarded as the earliest realistic literature in China?C

A. Sorrow after Departure

B. The Book of Change

C. The Book of Songs

D. Poetry of the South

22. Dragon Boat Festival falls on _____A_____.

A. the 5th day of the 5th lunar month

B. the 23rd day of the 12th lunar month

C. the 8th day of the 8th lunar month

D. the 7th day of the 7th lunar month

23. Project Hope is for ____B______.

A. pre-school education

B. nine-year compulsory education

C. higher education

D. special education

24. Who is regarded as “Sh akespeare of the East”? ____A______

A. Tang Xianzu

B. Guan Hanqing

C. Cao Xueqin

D. Luo Guanzhong

25.___D_______ has long been acknowledged as the greatest novel in Chinese literature.

A. Romance of the Three Kindoms

B. Water Margin

C. Journey to the West

D. Dreams of Red Mansions

26. China is the third largest country in the world, next only to __C___.

A. America and Russia

B. America and Canada

C. Russia and Canada

D. France and America

27. ____A______, similar to the modern football game, was popular in the society in Song Dynasty.

A. Cuju

B. Chuiwan

C. Equestrian polo

D. Shuttlelock

28. Which school of thoughts advocates the doctrine of the golden mean? ______A____

A. Confucianism

B. Taoism

C. Mohism

D. Legalism

29. ________C__is worthy of the name “ancestor of all Chinese local operas”.

A. Beijing Opera

B. Kunqu Opera

C. Shaanxi Opera

D. Chuan Opera

30. How often did the imperial examination held?______C__

A. every year

B. every two years

C. every three years

D. twice a year

31. Mar-boh tofu and Kung Pow Chicken are two famous dishes in __C________.

A. Shandong Cuisine

B. Hunan Cuisine

C. Sichuan Cuisine

D. Anhui Cuisine

32. May 4th Movement is a revolutionary movement in which Chinese people struggled against _A____.

A. imperialism and feudalism

B. democracy and science

C. individualism and feudalism

D. imperialism and Confucianism

33. ____C______is the “sage of Chinese calligraphy”.

A. Yan Zhenqing

B. Qi Baishi

C. Wang Xianzhi

D. Wang Xizhi

34. Which of the following places of interest is in Xi’an? _____C_____

A. Elephant Trunk Hill

B. Lingyin Temple

C. Terra-cotta Army in the Tomb of the First Emperor of Qin

D. Stone Forest

35. China is located on the _B___ shore of the Pacific Ocean.

A. Eastern

B. western

C. Northern

D. southern

36. Which invention is known as “mother of civilization”? C

A. Compass

B. gunpowder

C. Printing

D. papermaking

37. Which one is not among the three treasures of China? _C_________.

A. traditional Chinese painting

B. Beijing Opera

C. traditional Chinese calligraphy

D. TCM

38. Which work of Lu Xun symbolizes the great outset of modern Chinese fiction? ______A____.

A. A Madman’s Diary

B. Call to Arms

C. The True Story of Ah Q

D. Wandering

39. The “Five-Animal Exercises” was invented by __C________.

A. Bian Que

B. Zhang Zhongjing

C. Hua Tuo

D. Li Shizhen

40. In December 1937, the Japanese army launched a massacre which killed around 300,000 people in ____A______in China.

A. Nanjing

B. Hei Longjiang

C.Beijing

D. Tianjin

多选题

1. What are the basic principles of China government in handling the relations between ethnic groups? ABCD

A. Equality

B. unity

C. mutual assistance

D. common prosperity

2. What are the four treasures of the study? ____ABCD______

A. brush

B. ink

C. paper

D. ink stone

E. stamp

3. Which of the followings are the works of Ba Jin? ___ACD_______

A. Family

B. Midnight

C. Spring

D. Autumn

E. Rickshaw Boy

4. Beijing Opera originated from two traditional operas, which are___AD_______.

A. Kunqu Opera

B. Chuan Opera

C. Huangmei Opera

D. Shaanxi Opera

5. Which of the followings are not ethnic festivals? ___BD_______

AWater Splashing Festival BDouble Seventh Festival CThree Month Fair DLantern Festival

6. Which belong to folk performance arts? ___ABE_______.

A. Acrobatics

B. xiaoping

C. Beijing Opera

D. erhu

E. shuanghuang

7. Drinkers’ wager games can be classified into three categories, which are ___ABC_______.

A. general games

B. literary games

C. contest games

D. gamble games

8. Which are the diagnostic methods in TCM? _____ABCDE_____.

A. listening

B. smelling

C. inquiring

D. observing

E. feeling the pulse

9. Which are the national projects for Chinese education? ___ABD_______

A. Project Hope

B. Spring Sunshine Programme

C. Leaving No One Behind

D. Spring Bud Project

E. Austere Measures

10. Which of the followings belong to folk performing arts? _ABD_________

A. Cross talk

B. Xiaoping

C. Beijing Opera

D. Shuanghuang

11. Which of the followings are not ethnic festivals? __BDE________

AWater Splashing Festival BDouble Seventh Festival CThree Month Fair DMid-Autumn Festival ELantern Festival

12. Which of the following mountains are among the Four Sacred Buddhist Mountains in China? ____ABCD______

A. Mount Wutai

B. Mount Emei

C. Mount Putuo

D. Mount Jiuhua

13. The Five-Animal Exercises is a set of health-building exercise imitating the movement of _______ABDE___

A. tiger

B. deer

C. snake

D. ape

E.bear

14. Which of the followings are located in Hangzhou? __CDE________

A. Dianchi Lake

B. Stone Forest

C. West Lake

D. Linyin Temple

E. Pagoda of Six Harmonies

15. What are the three essential factors by which Chinese cooking is judged? ____BCD______

A. freshness

B. color

C. Aroma

D. taste

16. Which of the following novels are among the four famous Chinese classics of literature? ____BD______

A. The Legend of White Snake

B. Dream of the Red Mansions

C. The Peony Pavilion

D. Romance of the Three Kingdoms

17. Which of the following cities used to be the ancient Chinese capital? _____BCD_____

A. Suzhou

B. Luoyang

C. Hangzhou

D. Kaifeng

18. What are the civilian residential housing in China? ____ACDE______

A. Beijing quadrangles

B. imperial mausoleums

C. Shanxi cave dwellings

D. Huizhou residential houses

E. Hakka castle-like dwellings

19. Generally speaking, there are three essential factors by which Chinese cooking is judged , namely____BCE_____

A. Quality

B. taste

C. color

D. price

E. aroma

20. Which of the following were written by Ba Jin? _____ABC_____

A. Spring

B. Autumn

C. Family

D. Sunrise

名词解释

1.The National College Entrance Examination

The National College Entrance Examination, known as gaokao in Chinese, is an academic examination held annually in China aimed to select senior middle school graduated for college admissions. It’s arranged at the end of the spring semester and senior middle graduates across the country take the examination simultaneously.

2.The five Olympic Rings

Each of five Olympic rings is of a different colour , Together, they represent the five inhabited containts,although no particular ring is mean to represent the idea that the Olympics are universal bringing athletes from the entire world together.

3.Shadow boxing

Shadow boxing is a school of Chinese popular martial arts marked with slow and gentle movements that are designed for defense, strengthening of physique and prevention of diseases.

4.The Book of Songs

The Book of Songs is a collection of China’s 305 oldest poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle Spring and Autumn Period, and is regarded as the earliest realistic literature in China. In the light of rhythms, the works can be divided into three sections:Feng, Ya and Song.

5.Special Administrative Regions(SAR)

Special Administrative Regions was eatablished specially designed for solving HongKang and Macao issues bassed on the concept of “one country,two system”,SAR is in a pattern within which two competely different social system and ideologies can conexist. SAR has more autonomous power regulated clearly by laws, including executive and independent judicial power.

6.Special education

Special education means the use of special methods, equipment , and resources to provided eduction for disabled people.Its objective is to make up for their physiological and mental deficiencies by enabing them to acquire labour skills of varying degrees, gain essential living skills, and develop the ability to adapt and communicate socially.

7.The Principle of “Non-action”

Let things take their own course and do nothing .It is the basic concept of Taoism , an attitude towards the world and political ideology held by ancient Taoists.

8.Batik

Batik is a traditional Chinese folk art, which combines painting and dyeing.It presents a variety of ethnic styles and is most popular among the Buyi, the Miao and the Yao ethnic groups.

问答题

1.Illustrate the main contents and the literature significance of Dream of Red Mansions.

答：Written by Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Mansions is the pinnacle of Chinese novels (2’). It has long been acknowledged as th e greatest novel in Chinese literature (2’). This novel describes the prosperity and decline of a large feudal family (2’). The cent ral thread of the novel is the tragic love story between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu. Instead of telling the love story, it taps the soci al origins of the tragedy through probing deeply into the characters’ minds and complicated relationships (2’). The novel contai ns poems, ci, lyric verse and prose essays, which fit the plot and the fate of the characters (2’).

2.Illustrate the ways to distinguish a character’s personality or role type in Beijing Opera.

答

2.There are two ways to distinguish a character’s personality or role type (2’). The first is to understand the color code of the pa inted face (2’). For example, red is used for loyal and upright persons; purple for loyal, brave, just and noble characters; gold-sil vered faces for ghosts and gods. White make-up between the eyes and nose is specially used for a clown. (2’)

The second distinguishing features are the lines and patterns drawn on the face (2’). For example, a distorted face, drawn with a symmetrical lines, generally represents a villain or accomplice or someone whose face has been wounded. (2’)

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b615104488.html,pare the difference and similarity between private school and official school.

答

.Similarity: they are both schools in ancient China to provide education and can cultivate candidates for the imperial examinatio n (2’).

Differences: 1. A private school is set up by a family, generally with just one teacher who gave individual tuition while an offici al school was sponsored by official constitutions (2’); 2. A private school has neither set textbooks nor specified time span of st udy while an official school has the teaching materials centering on the Four Books and the Five Classics(4’); 3. Only children of nobles were admitted to official schools (2’).

4.Explain the ceremony of “Three Cups of Tea” of Bai ethnic group and its symbolic meaning.

答

Three cups of tea, the famous custom of the Bai ethnic group, can best illustrate Chinese tea culture. Visitors are greeted with th is warm and unique ceremony: they are offered three cups of tea (2’). The first cup of tea is made from local bitter leaves. It tast es medicinal. (2’)The second looks like soup. It is made from walnuts, cheese and sugar. It tastes sweet. (2’)The third cup of tea is made by mixing prickly ash, ginger and Chinese cinnamon with honey and bitter tea. It is pungent, with a distinct aftertaste. (2’)

The three cups of tea are symbolic of the three stages of one’s life journey: going through all kinds of hardships, feeling the joy of life, and recalling both bitter and happy experience. (2’)