专八英美文学习题

I. Multiple choices

A 1.In 1066, ____, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeating England.

A. William the Conqueror

B. Julius Caesar

C. Alfred the Great

D. Claudius D 2. In the 14th century, the most important writer (poet) is ____ .

A. Langland

B. Wycliffe

C. Gower

D. Chaucer

C 3. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is ____.

A. novel

B. drama

C. romance

D. Essay

C 4. ______ was the greatest of English religious reformers and the first translator of the Bible.

A. Langland

B. Gower

C. Wycliffe

D. Chaucer

A 5. ______, the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London in about 1340.

A. Geoffrey Chaucer

B. Sir Gawain

C. Francis Bacon

D. John Dryden

A 6. _____ was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.

a. Thomas Wyatt

b. William Shakespeare

c. Phillip Sidney

d. Thomas Campion

A 7. The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English Drama. It was _______ who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.

a. Christopher Marlowe

b. Thomas Loge

c. Edmund Spenser

d. Thomas More

B 8. At the beginning the 16th century the outstanding humanist_____ wrote his Utopia in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people?s suffering and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.

a. Christopher Marlowe

b. Thomas More

c. Phillip Sidney

d. Edmund Spencer

B 9. Renaissance Period was an age of ____ .

a. prose and novel

b. poetry and drama

c. essays and journals

d. ballads and songs

A 10.“Shall I compare thee to a summer?s day?” This line is taken from one of Shakespeare?s____________.

a. Sonnet 18

b. the tragedy King Lear

c. a long poem Venus and Adonis

d. the comedy As You Like It

D 11. From the following choose the one______ that is not by Francis Bacon.

a. The Advancement of Learning

b. The New Instrument

c. Of Studies

d. The rape of the Lock

A 12. Elizabethan poetry is remarkable. England then became “a nest of singing birds”. The famous poet of that period was_______.

a. Edmund Spenser

b. Thomas Kyd

c. Earl of Surry

d. Thomas More

A 13. Which play is not a comedy?

a. The Jew of Malt a

b. Every One in His Humor

c.A Midsummer Night’s Dream

d. Much Ado about Nothing

D 14. The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus is one of ______ …s best play s.

a. Shakespeare

b. Thomas Kyd

c. Ben Jonson

d. Christopher Marlowe

D 15. The name “the father of English poetry” was given to the greatest poet born in London about 1340 and the one who did much in making the dialect of London (Midland dialect the language of the court, the learned and the well-to do) the foundation for modern English language.

a. Shakespeare

b. Spenser

c. C. Philip Sidney

d. Chaucer A 16. The basic note of Chaucer?s style i s_______.

a. the fusion of humor and genial satire

b. the fusion of irony with sarcasm

c. the fusion of humor with epigrams

d. the fusion of humor with irony

D 17. _____was the first buried in the Poet?s Corner of Westminster Abby.

a. Southy

b. Francis Bacon

c. Shakespeare

d. Chaucer

A 18. Macbeth by Shakespeare is a ______.

a. tragedy

b. comedy

c. tragicomedy

d. historical play

19. “To be, or not to be: that is the question:

Whether …tis nobler in t he mind to suffer

The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune

Or to take arms against a sea of trouble,

D And by opposing end them...” are the famous lines in Hamlet which expresses the Hamlet?s ______ character.

a.. resolute

b. resolute and hesitant

c. stubbon

d. indecisive and hesitant D 20. Protestants refers to all the religious sects except ________.

a.Church of England

b. Puritanism

c.Calvinism

d. Catholicism

B 21. Though Beowulf was introduced by Angles, the events and _____ are Scandinavian.

a.belief

b. characters

c. idea

d. God

A 22. In 1066, ___ led the Norman army to invade and defeat England.

a. William the conqueror

b. Julius Caesar

c. Alfred the Great

d. Claudius

C 23. Of many contemporaries and successors of Shakespeare, the most important and well known was ______who became the Poet Laureate in 1616.

a. John Dryden

b. Samuel Johnson

c. Ben Jonson

d. Robert Southy

A 24. The main literary form of seventeenth century was poetry. Among the poets, _______was the greatest.

a. Milton

b. Bunyan

c. the Metaphysical poets

d. the Cavalier poets

25. Choose the poets who belong to the Cavalier group.

a. Sir John Suckling

b. Richard Lovelace

c. Thomas Carew

d. George Herbert

D 26.The title of “Poet?s poet” is given to the writer of the following work __ _____.

a. Death Be Not Proud

b. Venus and Adonis

c. Romeo and Juliet

d. The Faerie Queen

A 27. The Merchant of Venice belongs to Shakespearian plays of_______.

a. comedy

b. sequence of sonnets

c. tragedy

d. historical play

C 28.Chaucer was the first important poet of a royal court to write in______ after the Norman conquest.

a. French

b. Latin

c. English

d. Celt

A 29. “He was not of an age, but for all the time”. “He” here refers to _____.

a. S hakespeare

b. Chaucer

c. C.John Milton

d. Ben Jonson

C 30. The father of the school of Metaphysical poets is _______.

a.Thomas More

b. Spenser

c.John Donne

d. Wyatt

D 31.The most important prose writer of Elizabethan Age was _______, who was also the founder of the English materialistic philosophy.

a. Thomas More

b. Spenser

c. John Donne

d. Francis Bacon A 32. The culmination of all Renaissance translation is ________.

a. K ing James Bible

b. New Instrument

c. O f Study

d. The Reason of Church Government

A 33. Donne?s poetry is full of metaphors, original images, wit and______, except ingenuity, dexterous use of colloquial speech, considerable flexibility of rhythm and meter, complex themes and caustic humor.

a.conceits

b. Petrarchen images

c.rhetorics

d. brevity

B 34. The Cavaliers mostly dealt in short songs on the flitting joys of the day, but underneath their light-heartedness lies some foreboding of _____ to enjoy the present day. This is typical of pessimism and cynicism.

a. philosophical thought

b. impending doom

c. intellectual idea

d. expecting happiness.

C 35. Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes were the poems written by _______.

a. Milton

b. William Shakespeare

c. Ben Jonson

d. Marlowe

C 36. In Paradise Lost the author eulogizes the spirit of ______ that is though lost, but the ______cannot be conquered, and the pursuit of revenge, immortal hate towards god will never be overcome.

a. pessimism, knowledge

b. optimism, ideal

c. rebellion, will

d. cynicism, concept

B 37. Blank verse was first used by ______ as the principle instrument of English drama.

a. the Earl of Surry

b. Christopher Marlowe

c. Samuel Johnson

d. Shakespeare

C 38.The theme of the sonnet Death Be Not Proud is that ________.

a. death is predestined

b. death is the most dreadful thing

c. d eath you are nothing to be feared

d. death is gentle towards me

C 39. _____has been called the summit of the English Renaissance.

A. Christopher Marlow

B. Francis Bacon

C. W. Shakespeare

D. Ben Johnson

B 40. Shakespeare is one of the founders of ____.

A. romanticism

B. realism

C. naturalism

D. classicism

A 41.Among many poetic forms, Shakespeare was especially at home (good at) with the _______.

A. dramatic blank verse

B. song

C. sonnet

D. couplet

A 42._____is one of the forerunners of modern socialist thought.

A. Phillip Sidney

B. Edmund Spenser

C. Thomas More

D. Walter Raleigh

D 43.____ was a forerunner of classicism in English literature.

A. Ben Johnson

B. William Shakespeare

C. Thomas More

D. Christopher Marlowe

D 44.The most gifted of the “university wits” was ____.

A. Lyly

B. Peele

C. Greene

D. Marlowe

D 45. ____was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 19th

century.

A. John Dryden

B. Richard Steele

C. Joseph Addison

D. Alexander Pope

B 46. _____is the first philosopher of industrial science.

A. Christopher Marlow

B. Francis Bacon

C. W. Shakespeare

D. Ben Johnson

A 48. ____has six knights representing 6 virtues: holiness, Temperance, Chastity, Friendship, Justice and Courtesy.

a. The Faerie Queen

b. The Pilgrim’s Progress

c. Paradise Lost D. Essays

II. Literary terms

1. Blank verse

Unrhymed iambic pentameter. See also Meter. In Gorboduc (1561), Thomas Sackville and Thomas Norton introduced blank verse into the drama, whence it soared with Marlowe and Shakespeare in the 1590s. Milton forged it anew for the epic in Paradise Lost (1667).

2. Epic

A long narrative poem, typically a recounting of history or legend or of the deeds of a national hero and of reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down. Later on this literary genre was written down by the poets, such as Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained. Two of the greatest epics are Homer?s Iliad and Odyssey. While in British literary history, the national epic is Beowulf.

3. Metaphysical Poetry

T he poetry of John Donne and other seventeenth-century poets who wrote in a similar style. Metaphysical poetry is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas. 4. Sentimentalism

Sentimentalism originated in the 18th century, and was a direct reaction against the cold, hard commercialism and rationalism that had dominated pe ople?s life since the last decades of the 17th century. Besides, it seemed to have appeared hand in hand with the rise of realistic English novel. Sentimentalism often relates to sentimentality and sensibility in some literary works such as Richardson?s Pamela; Goldsmith?s The Vicar of Wakefield; Sterne?s A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy. In Poetry, we have Thomas Gray?s “An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”, Goldsmith?s “The Deserted Village”, and Cowper?s “Task”, not mention the various odes of sensibility which flourished in the later half of the century.

5. Humanism

Humanism refers to the main literary trend and is the keynote of English Renaissance. Humanists took interest in human life and human activities and gave expression to the new feeling of admiration for human beauty, human achievement.

6. Puritanism

The term is used in a narrow sense of religious practice and attitudes, and in a broad sense of an ethical outlook, which is much less easy to define.

1). In its strict sense, “Puritan” was applied to those Protestant reformers who rejected Queen Elizabeth?s religious settlement of 1560. This settlement sought a middle way between Roman Catholicism and the extreme spirit of reform of Geneva. The Puritans, influenced by Geneva, Zurich, and other continental centers, objected to the retention of bishops and to any appearance of what they regarded as superstition in church worship---the wearing of vestments by the priests, and any kind of religious image. Apart from their united opposition to Roman Catholicism and their insistence on simplicity in religious forms, Puritans disagreed among themselves on questions of doctrine and church organization. Puritans were very strong in the first half of 17th century and reached its peak of power after the Civil War of 1642-6, a war, which was ostensibly religious, although it was also political.

2). In the broad sense of a whole way of life, Puritanism has always represented strict obedience to the dictates of conscience and strong emphasis on the virtue of self-denial. The word “Puritan” is often thought to imply hostility to arts, but this is not necessarily true.

7.Renaissance

It is a cultural movement of the rising bourgeoisie. The key word for it is humanism, which emphasizes the belief in human beings, his environment and doings and his brave fight for the emancipation of man from the tyranny of the church and religious dogmas. It originally indicates a revival of classical arts and learning after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism. Its aim is to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval time and introduce new ideas that express the interests of the rising bourgeoisie. Shakespeare, Spenser, and Marlowe are all famous literary figures in this period.

英美文学知识点总结(适用于英语专八)

Old English Literature 古英语文学 （450-1066年） Beowulf （贝奥武甫）---The first English national epic 中世纪英语文学（1066-1500） Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟，c. 1343–1400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》, called the father of English litera ture―英国文学之父‖William Langland (朗格兰，1330?-1400?),the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》. 文艺复兴（16-17世纪） William Shakespeare (莎士比亚，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 Shakespeare‘s greatest works: greatest tragedies are King Lear 《李尔王》,Macbeth《麦克白》,Hamlet《哈姆雷特》, Othello 《奥赛罗》,Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 grea t comedies: A Midsumme r Night‘s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》,As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》,The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》, Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》 great historical plays: Richard III 《理查三世》,Henry IV 《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五世》, Henry VII 《亨利八世》 John Milton (弥尔顿, 1608-1674)was an English poet and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost《失乐园》, Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson 《力士参孙》. 18世纪文学和新古典主义 Alexander Pope (浦柏,1688-1744 ) is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical epigram 讽刺隽语and heroic couplet英雄双韵体.His major works include mock epic satirical poem An Essay on Man 《人论》and An Essay on Criticism 《论批评》 Daniel Defoe ( 笛福，1660—1731)was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》, spokesman for middle-class people Henry Fielding (菲尔丁, 1707 ---1754) ，an English novelist known for his novel:The History of Tom Jones. Jonathan Swift (斯威夫特,1667-1745), was an Anglo-Irish novelist, satirist. He is remembered for novel such as Gulliver‘s Travels《格列佛游记》. Richard Sheridan ( 谢立丹，1751—1816), Irish playwright ,known for his satirical play School of Scandal(造谣学校). He was a represntative writer of Comedies of Manners. Laurence Sterne (斯特恩,1713—1768 ), an English novelist. He is best known for his novel Tristram Shandy （《商第传》）. Oliver Goldsmith （哥尔德斯密斯，1728-1774）English novelist, known for his novel Vicar of Wakefield (《威克菲尔德牧师传记》) Thomas Gray (托马斯?格雷1716—1771 )，an English poet, author of Elegy Written in a

英语专八英美文学常识汇总

英语专八英美文学常识汇总

3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea. 英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。 the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters. 迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。 "the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain. 1801合并法：1801年英国议会通过法令，规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。 gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands. 盖尔语：是盖尔特语言的一种，在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。 the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the board ridge of hills.

英语专八人文知识考试总结

英语专八人文知识考试总结 1 专八考试人文知识考试内容总结 其中英美文学包括英国文学和美国文学。英国文学主要分为六个时期： 1. Old and Medieval English Literature（中古英国文学）。 2. The Renaissance Period（文艺复兴时期）。 3. The Neoclassical Period（新古典主义时期）。 4. The Romantic Period（维多利亚时期）。 5. The Victorian Period（维多利亚时期）。 6. The Modern Period（现代时期）。 美国文学主要分为四个时期： 1. The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence（独立革命前后的文学）。 2. American Romanticism（美国浪漫主义文学）。 3. American Realism（美国现实主义文学）。 4. American Modernism（美国现代主义文学）。 语言学，考生不光要知道语言的本质还要掌握语音学，音位学，形态学，句法学，语义学和语言学的知识。 关于英语国家概况，英语专业的学生都会开设英美概况这门课程，但是专八考试的中需要考生了解的是英语国家概况，不光包括英国和美国，还有其他一些说英语的地区，包括爱尔兰概况，加拿大概况，澳大利亚概况和新西兰概况。 3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france

专八英美文学总结

英国文学 一、古英语时期的英国文学（499-1066） 1、贝奥武夫 2、阿尔弗雷德大帝：英国散文之父 二、中古英语时期的英国文学 1、allegory体非常盛行 2、Romance开始上升到一定的高度 3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士 4、Willian Langlaud 《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》 5、乔叟坎特伯雷故事集（英雄双韵体） 6、托马斯.马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》 三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪） 1、托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》 2、Thomas Wyatt 和Henry Howard引入sonnet 3、Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》 《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活；现代长篇小说的先驱 4、斯宾塞《仙后》诗人中的诗人；斯宾塞体诗节； 5、莎士比亚： 长篇叙事诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》 四大悲剧：哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白 7、本.琼森风俗喜剧（comedy of manners）《人性互异》 8、约翰.多恩“玄学派”诗歌创始人

9、George Herbert 玄学派诗圣 10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一 《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑 《学术的推进》和《新工具》 四、启蒙时期（18世纪） 1、约翰、弥尔顿：《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》 2、约翰、班扬：《天路历程》religious allegory 3、约翰、德莱顿：英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人； 《论戏剧诗》 4、亚历山大.蒲柏：英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表；英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用；《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作 5、托马斯、格雷：感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物《墓园挽歌》 6、威廉、布莱克：天真之歌、经验之歌； 7、罗伯特、彭斯：苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人； 8、Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》 9、Samuel defoe 英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一；《鲁滨逊漂流记》；《铲除非国教徒的捷径》，仪表达自己的不满； 10、Jonathan Swift 《一个小小的建议》；《格列佛游记》；《桶的故事》； 11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人；帕米拉；克拉丽莎；查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史； 12、Henry Fielding 英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人；《约瑟夫。安德鲁》；《汤姆.琼斯》，英国现实主义小说的最高成就； 13、劳伦斯、斯特恩：感伤主义小说的杰出代表，《项狄传》，第一部开创了意识流小说的先驱之作品；《感伤的旅行》

英语专八-最全英美文学常识.

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英语专业八级考试 人文知识复习：美国地理概况 本文针对英语专业八级考试的人文知识部分，总结了美国国家的主要地理概况，希望对同学们有所帮助。 The Fall Line瀑布线：A point where water-falls or rapids suddenly drop from a higher level to the lower one. 瀑布线指的是瀑布急速地从高处向低处流泻的点。 The Appalachian Range阿巴拉契亚山脉：1200 miles long，consists of the Piedmont Plateau, Appalachian Plateaus and Appalachian Range. 阿巴拉契亚山脉全场1200英里，由皮德蒙特高原、阿巴拉契亚高原及阿巴拉契亚山脉组成。 The Cordillera Range科迪勒拉山脉：Composed of the Coast Range, the Cascades and the Rocky Mountains. 科迪勒拉山脉由海岸山脉、卡斯卡德山以及洛基山组成。 The Great Basin大盆地：The Part between the Colorado and Columbia Plateaus. 指的是科罗拉多和哥伦比亚高地之间的部分。 The Great Central Plain中部大平原：The land mass between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians. 指的是洛基山和阿巴拉伊亚山之间的平原。 The Great Plain大平原：The western part of the central plain. 大平原：指的是中部平原以西的部分。 The Mississippi River密西西比河：The longest, the most important river in the U.S.A. . It has a drainage area of 3225000 square kilometers. 密西西比河是美国最长、最重要的河流。它的流域面积达3225000平方公里。 The Five Great Lakes北美五大湖：Lake Michigan, Superior, Erie, Huron and Ontario. 北美五太湖指的是密歇根湖、苏必利尔湖、伊利湖、休伦湖以及安大略湖。 The Niagara Falls尼亚加拉瀑布：Famous falls in North America, 1240 meters wide, the drop averages 49 meters. 尼亚加拉瀑布是北美最著名的瀑布，有1240米宽，平均落差为49米。 Yellow stone National Park黄石国家公园：Located in the northern part of Wyoming. It is the oldest national park in the world and the largest wildlife preserve in the U.S.A. 黄石国家公园位于怀俄明州的北部地区。是世界上最古老的国家公园，是美国最大的野生保护区。 Grand Canyon大峡谷：In northern Arizona, one of the great natural wonders of the world. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide, and more than a mile deep. Its walls show layers that tell the story of the formation of the earth. 大峡谷在亚利桑那州的北部，是世界上最伟大的自然奇迹之一。它约有277英里长，18英里宽，约1英里深。它的墙壁断层记录了地球形成的过程。 Old Faithful老忠实喷泉：The most famous gayer in Yellowstone National Park, erupting more than l00 feet in the air about every 73 minutes. 老忠实喷泉是黄石国家公园最著名的喷泉，每73分钟向空中喷水100英尺多高。 Chinatown唐人街：An area in a city where many Chinese people live and where are Chinese shops, restaurants, clubs; two, important Chinatowns: New York City and San Francisco.

专八人文知识

专八人文知识 一、概况 1. 英国： ①国旗：Union Jack，国歌：Godsave the queen，首都：伦敦 ②爱丁堡：苏格兰首府，Cardiff：威尔士首府，Belfast：北爱尔兰首府，英联邦成立于1931年，共53个成员国。 ③英格兰脊梁：the Pennine Chain，最高峰：Ben Nevis，最重要的河：Thames river，第一大河：Severn river ④英国政治：议会君主制，君主仅是国家首脑，真正的权利在首相（Prime Minister）及其内阁（cabinet）手中。议会(Parliament)是立法机构，包括女王、上院(house of lords)、下院(house of commons)（权利真正来源）。司法(judiciary) ⑤党派：保守党（来源托利党）和工党（来源辉格党） 2. 美国： ①国旗：stars and stripes，国歌：the star-spangled banner星条旗永不落，国庆：7月4日，首都：华盛顿 ②北美脊梁：Rocky Mountains，五大湖（在美国和加拿大中间）：Lake Michigan/Superior/Erie/Huron/Ontario, 其中Lake Michigan是唯一一个全在美国的湖，Lake Ontario 和Lake Erie 之间有Niagara Falls，father of waters: the Mississippi River ③纽约被称为“the Big Apple”，洛杉矶：有好莱坞，芝加哥：又名“the windy city”，旧金山：UN诞生地（1945年），波士顿：很多著名大学所在地 ④著名总统：Thomas Jefferson：撰写独立宣言，Abraham Lincoln：内战时期任职，废除奴隶制，解放妇女等，Roosevelt在经济大萧条时新政，Nixon：冷战及越南战争（楚门条约） ⑤1812年，美国彻底摆脱英国控制。 ⑥美国政治：总统(President)：执行（下属内阁）、议会（the Congress）：立法（分成the Senate 上院6年制, the House of Representatives2年制）、司法（judicial）：最高the Supreme Court ⑦党派：民主党（驴）：注重政府干预，和共和党（象）：注重市场 ⑧美国哈佛最老，英国牛津最老 3. 加拿大： ①国庆：7月1日，官方语言为英语和法语，首都：渥太华，最老的城市：魁北克 ②John Cabot：意大利探险家发现加拿大 ③加拿大政治：英联邦成员国，英国女王是其君主，总督（Governor-General）：名义上行政首脑，总理(Prime Minister)：实际行政权，议会组成：女王、the House of Lords,the House of Commons) ④党派：保守党（the Conservative Party）和自由党(the Liberal Party)，新民主党(the New Democratic Party) 4. 澳大利亚： ①国庆：1月26日(1788年成立)，首都：堪培拉，悉尼是最大城市，墨尔本第二大（Victoria） ②1986年彻底摆脱英国控制 ③澳大利亚政治：同加拿大 ④党派：工党、自由党、国民党（the National Party） 5. 新西兰： ①国庆：2月6日，官方语言：英语和毛利语，首都：惠灵顿，最大城市：奥克兰 ②新西兰政治：大部分同加拿大，但议会为一院制（unicameral），即只有众议院