人教版高中英语同步语法精讲精练：过去分词作状语

人教版高中英语同步语法精讲精练：过去分词作状语（book5unit3）

本单元我们来学习过去分词作状语的用法

一．过去分词在句中能作状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。

过去分词在句中作状语

1.表示时间When taken away from the mother,the baby began to cry.

2.表示原因Trapped in the heavy rain,many students were late for school.

3.表示条件 Given more time, We will do it better.

4.表示方式The old man went upstairs,supported by his son.

5.表示伴随 Followed by his students,the teacher left the classroom.

6.表示结果The girl fell off her bike when crossing the road, wounded

in the head.

7.表示让步 Though t aught (=having been taught)many times by the

teacher, some students still don’t know how to do it.

二、过去分词作状语, 表示时间、原因、条件、让步时可转换为相应的状语从句（下列1-4）；表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句（下列5-7）。如：1.When taken away from the mother，the baby began to cry.

=When the baby was taken away from his mother,he/she began to cry. 2.Trapped in the heavy rain,many students were late for school.

=Because/As many students were trapped in the rain, they were late for school.

3. Given more time, We will do it better.

=If we are given more time,We will do it better.

4.Though t aught several times by the teacher,some students still don’t know how to do it.

=Though some students have been taught many times,they still don’t know how to do it.

5.Supporte d by his son,the old man went upstairs..

=The old man was supported by his son and he went upstairs

6. The girl fell off her bike when crossing the road, wounded in the head.

=The girl fell off her bike when crossing the road and she was wounded

in the head.

7.Followed by his students,the teacher left the classroom.

=The teacher left the classroom and he was followed by his students.

三．现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别

现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系；而过去分词作状语时，与

其逻辑主语之间则表示被动关系。选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。Hearing the good news,the woman was too excited to speak. (hear)

Seen from the back, the girl looks nice.(see)

特别提醒

一般来说，过去分词的逻辑主语与主句主语要一致，如句1中，主句主语是the baby,过去分词taken 的逻辑主语也是the baby.特别注意：当分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时，分词要有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，常用来表示伴随情况。如：

（1）T he boy rushed into the classroom ， his face covered with sweat . （主句主语是the boy,过去分词的逻辑主语是 his face）

（2）All things considered ，your suggestion is better than his.

（主句主语是your suggestion,过去分词的逻辑主语是all things）

过去分词或现在分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致的常见固定结构有：Generally speaking 一般说来

strictly/ frankly speaking 严格地说/坦白地说

Judging from 从…判断

All things considered 从整体来看

Taken all things into consideration 全面看来

例如：Judging from his face， something bad must have happened to him. 从他的脸色看，他一定有不好的事情发生了。

对应练习

一．填空

1._________(w orry) about the journey， I was unsettled for the first few days.

2._________(confuse) by the new surroundings， I was hit by the lack of fresh air.

3._________(exhaust)， I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep.

4._________(heat)， water changes into steam .

5.The boss came in， ________(follow)by a group of young people .

6._______(see) from the top of the hill ，the city looks very beautiful .

7.Much _________(tire) ，all of them still kept on working .

8.__________(use)for a long time,the computer doesn’t works well.

9.When _________(ask) what had happened,he said he knew nothing.

10.________(unite)we stand;divided,we fall.

二．单句改错

1.Writing in a hurry,this article was not so good!

2. Losing in deep thought,he didn’t hear what you said.

3.Bear in this beautiful town,she feels very proud.

4.Give me another hour,I will finish the task well.

5.As a well-knowing actor,he is welcome by many young people.

6.His head holds high,the man went by without greeting to me.

7.Grow in rich soil,the vegetables taste good.

8.When asking who you are,you must keep calm.

9. Attracting by the beauty of nature,they were unwilling to leave.

10.Facing with so much trouble,we can’t complete the task on time.

三.用过去分词（短语）作状语完成下列句子。

1._____________________(如果加热），ice turns into water.

2._____________________(你的作业完成后），you may go out to play.

3.______________________(一旦制定），the plan can’t be changed.

4.___________________________(虽然被其他人嘲笑），but he got my sympathy.

5._________________________(坦白地说),I don’t agree to your plan.

过去分词综合练习（作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语）.

1.With the homework _____________(finish),they went out to play.

2.When I got home,I found all the windows________(break).

3.When I was walking along the river,I saw a horse ___________(tie)to

a big tree.

4.He spoke loudly to have himself__________(hear).

5.Seeing all the guests __________(seat),the host started the party.

6.People hope to see the plan _________(carry)out as soon as possible.

7. A fire broke out in the house and all the people rushed out,leaving the door__________(unlock).

8._________(dress) in a white dress,the girl looks like a little swan.

9.Many young people are ___________(interest)in playing computer games.

10.Greatly_________(encourage)by the heroic deeds,these students began to study hard.

11.The boy __________(ask)to answer many questions by the teacher cried suddenly.

12.Unless____________(invite),you had better not attend the party.

13.The old man often takes a walk after supper,______(follow) by his dog.

14.Not ___________(operate) on in time,the patient died.

15.The number of people ___________(kill)by the Japanese invaders in Nanjing City in 1937 reached 300, 000.

16.Doctors suggest patients should drink much _________(boil) water.

17.The public are told not to drink the____________( pollute) water.

18.All of us know the thing____________( borrow)must be returned.

19.The bridge __________(build) last month is 5km long and 10m wide.

20.Though ______________(modify) several times,there are still a few mistakes in the letter.

参考答案

对应练习

一．1.Worried 2.Confused 3.Exhausted 4.Heated 5.followed 6.Seen 7.tired

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c06554113.html,ed 9.asked 10.United

二．

1.Writing in a hurry,this article was not so good!

written

2. Losing in deep thought,he didn’t hear what you said.

Lost

3.Bear in this beautiful town,she feels very proud.

Born

4.Give me another hour,I will finish the task well.

Given

5.As a well-knowing actor,he is welcome by many young people. well-known

6.His head holds high,the man went by without greeting to me.

held

7.Grow in rich soil,the vegetables taste good.

Grown

8.When asking who you are,you must keep calm.

asked

9. Attracting by the beauty of nature,they were unwilling to leave. Attracted

10.Facing with so much trouble,we can’t complete the task on time. Faced

三．1.If heated 2.After your homework finished(done) 3.Once made https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c06554113.html,ughed at by others 5.Frankly speaking

综合练习

1.finished

2.broken

3.tied

4.heard

5.seated

6.carried

7.unlocked

8.Dressed 9.interested 10. encouraged 11.asked 12.invited 13.followed 14.operated 15.killed 16.boiled 17.polluted 18.borrowed 19. built 20 modified

过去分词作状语练习答案

1. __ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Los ing B. Havi ng lost C. Lost D. To lose be lost in ........................................ 2. If __ the same treatment again, he ? s sure to get well. A. Givi ng B. Give C. Give n D. being give n 3. ____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being foun ded B. It was foun ded C. Foun ded D. Founding It was founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. 4. ___ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest oceadoesn? t seem big at all. A. Compare B. Whe n compari ng C. Compari ng D.Whe n compared II. ................................................................ A-D ........................................................ impress; pour; speak(impress -.????]? ? ? 1. Once spoken, a word becomes a promise. 2. Once poured, water cannot be take n back aga in. 3. Impressed by the beautiful sce nery, I forgot to go back home in time. A. ............................ B. ........................... C. .............................................................. III. ..................................................................................... 1. Seen (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us. 2. Given (give) time, he ? 41 make a first class tennis player. 3. Looking (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground. IV. ....................................... 1. Used for a long time, the book looks old( use) 2. Using the book, I find it useful. (use) 3. Following (follow) the old man, we went upstairs. (follow) 4. Followed (follow) by the old man, we went upstairs. (follow) 5. Seen from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. (see ?

高中英语语法讲解与练习之动词过去分词

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最新过去分词作状语的用法归纳

过去分词作状语 一．过去分词作状语的基本用法： 过去分词作状语主要是说明谓语动作发生的背景或条件；表示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。过去分词可置于主句前，也可置于主句后，用逗号与主句隔开。 1. 原因状语 Choked by the heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe. 他被浓烟呛了，几乎不能呼吸了。 Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。Frightened by the n oise in the night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room. 受到夜晚响声的惊吓，那姑娘不敢睡在她的房间。 2. 时间状语 Left to itself in the room, the baby began to cry.当被孤独地留在房间里时，婴儿哭了起来。 Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 当被问及这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。 Approached in the dark, the lights looked lonely and purposeless. 在黑暗中走近时。那些电灯显得孤单而无意义。 3. 条件状语 Seen in this aspect, the matter isn’t as serious as people generally suppose. 如果从这个角度看，问题并不像人们一般预料的那样`严重。 Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 Given better attention, the accident could have been avoided. 要是多加注意，那次事故就能避免了。 Watered more, these cabbages could have grown better. 如果多浇点水，这些大白菜还可以长的得更好。 Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 和你相比，我们还有很大的差距。 4. 方式或伴随状语 Surrounded by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully. 那位教授在学生的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 那位老人在妻子的搀扶下,走进了房间。 5. 让步状语 Beaten by the police and sent to jail, Gandi created the principle of nonviolent resistance. 尽管受警察的殴打，被投入监狱，甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。Defeated again, he didn’t lose heart. 尽管再次被击败，但他没有灰心。

高中英语过去分词用法练习题及答案

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(word完整版)高中英语语法全解-过去分词

第7章动词的过去分词形式 动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种，它具有动词的一些特点，同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能，在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。 一、动词的-ed形式的特征 A．动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成 动词的-ed形式只有一种形式，即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成，也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。 1．规则动词的-ed形式 limit→limited（限制） pretend→pretended（假装） escape→escaped（逃脱） provide→provided（提供） refer→referred（提交） drag→dragged（拖） pray→prayed（祈祷） supply→supplied（供应） 2．不规则动词的-ed形式 cast→cast（投掷） spread→spread（传播） bite→bitten（咬） forgive→forgiven（原谅） spit→spat（吐） wear→worn（穿） fight→fought（搏斗） lose→lost（丢失） 3．少数动词的-ed形式作定语时，读音与一般过去分词不同 learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授 aged an aged man 老人 beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机 B．动词的-ed形式的否定形式 动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。 Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。 Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。 C．动词的-ed形式的特征 动词的-ed形式有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。 1．动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。 除了作形容词用的-ed形式外，动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。

过去分词作状语和短语动词

V-ed分词作状语和短语动词 一．V-ed分词作状语 及物动词的过去分词作状语，表示被动和完成的意义，功能上相当于一个表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步和方式等的状语从句，其逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致。 1. V-ed分词作时间状语（相当于时间状语从句） ①Born at the beginning of the century, he became president in the early 1940’s. 他出生于世纪之初，到了20世纪40年代初期成为了总统。 ②Seen from the hill, the village looks more beautiful.从山上看去，这个村庄更加漂亮了。可以转换为When it is seen from the hill, the village looks more beautiful. 2. V-ed分词作原因状语（相当于原因状语从句） ①Confused by the stones flying at them from all sides, the boys ran into the building. 孩子们被从四面八方朝他们飞来的石头弄糊涂了，于是他们跑进了那幢大楼里。可以转换为They were confused by the stones flying at them from all sides, so the boys ran into the building. ②Tired and hungry, the little girl sat at the wall corner. 又累又饿，小女孩坐到了墙角处。 ③Discouraged, she decided to leave the city of Beijing. 心灰意冷，她决定离开北京城。 3. V-ed分词作条件状语(相当于条件状语从句) ①Given more time and support, we could have done it better. 如果当时给我们更多的时间和支持，我们会做得更好。可以转换为If we were given more time and support, we could have done it better. ②Put into use as soon as possible, the hotline will do us a great favour. 如果被尽快地投入使用，这条热线将会给我们很大的帮助。 ③Watered once a week, the vegetables will grow better. 一周浇一次水，这些蔬菜会长得更好。 4. V-ed分词作让步状语(相当于although / though引导的让步状语从句) ①Attacked many times, the residents in London didn’t give in. 尽管被攻击了很多次，但伦敦居民并没有屈服。可以转换为Although they were attacked many times, the residents in London didn’t give in. ②Laughed at by other boys, he still continued to complete the task. 尽管遭到其他男孩的嘲笑，他仍然坚持完成了这项任务。 ③Tried again, the experiment still couldn’t give us a satisfying answer. 又尝试了一次，这个实验仍然不能给我们一个满意的结果。 5. V-ed分词作方式或伴随状语（相当于方式状语从句，当表示伴随时，相当于一个并列句） ①Followed by his wolf dog, the hunter walked slowly in the forest. 猎人在树林里慢慢行走，狼狗跟在后面。可以转换为The hunter walked slowly in the forest and his wolf dog Followed him. ②The hero sat there telling stories, surrounded by a lot of students. 英雄坐在那儿讲故事，许多孩子围着他。 6. V-ed分词作结果状语（相当于结果状语从句） ①He failed in the competition, blamed by his companions.

高中英语过去分词用法练习题及答案

高中英语过去分词用法 练习题及答案 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】

习题精选---分词用法: boy went to the ball,＿like a pretty girl. A. dressing B. wearing C. wore D. dressed 2.＿in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 3. The film was made＿ on a true old story. A. base B. to be based C. based D. basing 4. When＿ ,the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 5.＿ to his research, he almost forgot everything. A. Devoting B. Devoted C. To devote D. Devote 6. ＿his attention on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix 7.＿ on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix old engineer talked of the difficulty they ＿ the tower. A. built B. had building C. had built D. build 9. ＿such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 10.＿ the past, our life is becoming much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare with D. Compared with 11. The boy was last seen ＿near the East Lake. A. playing B. play C. played D. to play was very unhappy for ＿to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ＿“Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read

过去分词做状语同步课堂教学设计

过去分词做状语同步课堂教学设计 编写人：吴翔审批人： 学习目标： 1. 熟记过去分词的基本用法；提升灵活运用能力。 2. 合作探究、大胆质疑；归纳过去分词的用法。 3. 激情投入学习；享受攻克难关的快乐。 【使用说明】 1. 利用自主自习时间根据要求对导学案进行有效预习（约30分钟） 2. 1）15分钟自学、讨论 2）25分钟质疑、展示、点拨、巩固落实 3）5分钟当堂检测 【课前预习】 分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语或是状语等 分词有两种，一种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同，主要是在“意思”上有主动和被动之分。过去分词有两大特点：一是表被动的概念；二是表动作已完成。过去分词在句中可用作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者。 1.作定语 1）及物动词过去分词既表被动，又表完成；不及物动词过去分词，只表完成。 boiled water开水、selected apples 精选苹果、spoken English英语口语、 iced beer冰镇啤酒、cooked food熟食、fried chips炸土豆条； fallen leaves落叶、 the risen sun升起的太阳 2）单个的过去分词作定语时，一般可以放在被修饰词语之前，也可以放在所修饰词语的后面。 The excited children didn’t know how to do with themselves. The meeting held yesterday was very important. 3）过去分词短语作定语时，须将分词放在被修饰的词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句。Her daughter，brought up by me(=who was brought up by me)has begun to work now. 由我带大的她的女儿现在已经参加工作了。 2.作表语 1）当“人”做主语时用过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。 2）过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示被动的动作。比较： My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态) My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作) 3. 作宾补 1）过去分词用在表示“致使”含义的动词keep，leave，have，make, get等的后面。 They kept the door locked for a long time. 他们把门锁了好长一段时间。 Don’t leave the windows broken like this all the time. 不要让窗户一直像这样破着。 I have had my bike repaired. 我让人修了修我的自行车。 I raised my voice to make myself heard. 我提高了嗓门以便被人家听到。 2）过去分词常用在感官动词watch，notice，see，hear，listen to，feel，find等的后面。

分词作状语用法

分词作状语用法就是所有分词用法中最重要的,也就是最难掌握的。 分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子的主语。 一、现在分词作状语 一、现在分词作状语,表主动、进行,相当于一个状语从句,根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life、 Being ill, she can't go to work today、 The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping、 1、He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information、 A、hoped B、hoping C、to hope D、hope 2、Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods、 A、seizing; disappeared B、seized; disappeared C、seizing; disappearing D、seized; disappearing 二、现在分词的时态语态 1、现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成,其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如:The students standing there are from Class Three、 The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October、 2、现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成,其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如:Having finished all the work, they had a good rest、 Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down、 Given more time, we will finish the work in time、 3、现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”,被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”,其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如:Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying、 Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity、 1、_______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes、 A、Suffered B、Suffering C、Having suffered D、Being suffered 2、Finding her car stolen, _______、 A、a policeman was asked to help B、the area was searched thoroughly C、it was looked for everywhere D、she hurried to a policeman for help 二、过去分词作状语 过去分词只有一种形式,即done,表被动。 The mother came in, followed by her son、 When heated,water will be turned into steam、 Deeply moved by the film, we all cried、 Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling、 1._____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city、 A、To see B、Seen C、Seeing D、See 2、_____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated、 A、being founded B、Founded C、It was founded D、Founding 三、过去分词与V-ing作状语的区别 1、分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子的主语。

过去分词作状语

非谓语动词:过去分词 过去分词(短语)作状语 过去分词表示完成或被动,作状语时,表示动作发生的背景或者情况,在意义上相当于一个状语从句,其省略的主语(逻辑主语)就是主句的主语,且与主语之间存在被动关系。过去分词作状语可以表示时间、条件、方式、原因、让步等。过去分词的否定式就是将not放在其前面。 一、过去分词作状语时的具体用法: 1)过去分词作时间状语时,相当于一个时间状语从句。有时过去分词前可加连词when或 while来强调时间概念、 例:1、Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, his face turned red、 当她被问及发生了什么的时候,她的脸红了。 2、When heated (When it is heated), water changes into steam、当加热时,水变成水蒸气。 3、Told that his mother was ill(When he was told that his mother was illl), Li Lei hurried home quickly、李蕾得知母亲生病了时,马上赶回了家。 4、Seen from the moon(When it is seen from the moon) , the earth looks green、从月亮上 瞧时,地球就是绿色。 2)过去分词作原因状语时,相当于一个由as, since, because等词引导的原因状语从句。例:1、Deeply (Because they were) moved by the movie, the children began to cry、由于被电影深深地感动,孩子们哭了起来。 2、Frightened (Because she was frightened) by the horror movie, the girl didn't dare to sleep alone、因为被惊悚电影吓坏了,这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。 3、Caught in a heavy rain (Because he was caught in a、、、), he was all wet、 4、Satisfied with what he did (Because the teacher was satisfied with、、、), the teacher praised him in class、由于老师对她所做的事情很满意,于就是在班上表扬了她。 3)过去分词作条件状语时,通常放在句子的前面,相当于if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。例:1、Compared with you (If we are compared) , we still have a long way to go、

过去分词作状语.

非谓语动词：过去分词 过去分词(短语）作状语 过去分词表示完成或被动，作状语时，表示动作发生的背景或者情况，在意义上相当于一个状语从句，其省略的主语（逻辑主语）是主句的主语，且与主语之间存在被动关系。过去分词作状语可以表示时间、条件、方式、原因、让步等。过去分词的否定式是将not放在其前面。 一、过去分词作状语时的具体用法： 1)过去分词作时间状语时，相当于一个时间状语从句。有时过去分词前可加连词when或 while来强调时间概念. 例：1. Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, his face turned red. 当他被问及发生了什么的时候，他的脸红了。 2. When heated (When it is heated), water changes into steam. 当加热时，水变成水蒸气。 3.Told that his mother was ill（When he was told that his mother was illl), Li Lei hurried home quickly. 李蕾得知母亲生病了时，马上赶回了家。 4. Seen from the moon(When it is seen from the moon) , the earth looks green. 从月亮上看 时，地球是绿色。 2)过去分词作原因状语时，相当于一个由as, since, because等词引导的原因状语从句。例：1. Deeply (Because they were) moved by the movie, the children began to cry. 由于被电影深深地感动，孩子们哭了起来。 2. Frightened (Because she was frightened) by the horror movie, the girl didn't dare to sleep alone. 因为被惊悚电影吓坏了，这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。 3. Caught in a heavy rain (Because he was caught in a...), he was all wet. 4. Satisfied with what he did (Because the teacher was satisfied with...), the teacher praised him in class. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。 3)过去分词作条件状语时，通常放在句子的前面，相当于if, unless等引导的条件状语从 句。

(英语语法)现在分词、过去分词和动名词的用法

现在分词和过去分词的用法 1)As Lily missed the bus, she was late for the class. Missing the bus, she was late for the class. 2)As the student was scolded by the teacher, she felt unhappy. scolded by the teacher, she felt unhappy. 一、现在分词 （一）现在分词的定义： 现在分词（Present Participle）(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，由动词原形+ing形式组成。具有双重性，一面具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语；另一面具有形容词和副词的特征，可以充当表语，定语，状语，补足语，可以表示主动或正在进行的动作，是非谓语动词的一种。 （二）现在分词的功能与用法： 1. 作定语 单个分词作定语时放在所修饰的名词前，分词短语作定语时放在后，并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。 e.g. a running boy→ a boy who is running an old man standing there →an old man who is standing there 例如： The report indicated that 45% of students were in jobs not specific qualifications. A. requiring B. to be required C. being required D. to have required 2. 作补语 只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补: 1）感官动词：see hear watch feel notice observe find listen to look at 2）使役动词：have get make 注意：要想用现在分词来作宾补,只能是用于这些词后,但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补）。 eg. I saw Thomas playing computer games. Don’t have the students studying all day. 注意：宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。 3. 作表语 (1) 分词作表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词作表语，一种是过去分词作表语，究竟是用现在分词还是用过去分词作表语是学生们经常困惑的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是－ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用－ed形式。这类词常见的有： interesting 使人感到高兴— interested感到高兴的 exciting令人激动的— excited感到激动的

过去分词作状语

过去分词作状语 【观察】观察下列句子中过去分词的用法，然后加以总结。 1. Discussed many times, the problems were settled at last. 2. Looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful. 3. Caught in the rain on my way home, I had a bad cold. 4. Built thirty years ago the house still looks very beautiful. 5. The professor, followed by his assistants, walked out of the hall. 6. She sat by the window alone, lost in thought. 7. Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class. 8. Water can be changed into vapor when heated. 9. There is no point arguing about it; just do as told. 10. He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. [总结] 过去分词可作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。过去分词作状语应注意以下几点： 一、过去分词作状语表示的意义 ●表示时间(如例句1)、条件(如例句2)、原因(如例句3)、让步(如例句4) 的分词短语相当于相对应的状语从句。 After they had been discussed many times, the problems were settled at last. If it is looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful. Because I was caught in the rain on my way home, I had a bad cold. Although it was built thirty years ago, the house still looks very beautiful. ●作方式状语或表示伴随情况，说明动作发生的背景或情况。一般情况下，分词所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。可转化成并列句。(如例句5-6) The professor walked out of the hall and he was followed by his assistants. She sat by the window alone, and she was lost in thought. 二、过去分词与句子主语之间的关系 ●过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作。其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致。过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。(如例句1-5) 【难点点拨】分词作状语时，用现在分词还是过去分词，取决于分词与句子主语之间的关系。主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。比较： Seeing from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful. Seen from the top floor, the garden looks more beautiful. ●有些过去分词或短语来源于系表结构，或某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。常见的有lost(如例句6), seated, hidden, lost in, dressed in, faced with, absorbed in, surprised, disappointed, exhausted, frightened, satisfied(如例句7), tired等。 三、“连词+过去分词”结构作状语 过去分词作状语时，可在分词之前加某些连词，以表示强调。常用的有if, unless, when(如例句8), once, until, though/ although, even if/ even though, as(如例句9), as if等。 【难点点拨】此结构实际是状语从句的省略形式。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且状语从句的谓语动词是被动式时，省略从句的主语和动词be即是。 Water can be changed into vapor when (it is) heated. There is no point arguing about it, just do as (you are) told. 四、过去分词的独立主格结构作状语 如果过去分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构属于独立主格结构，作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随等(如例句10)。