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历年英语专八改错真题

历年专八短文改错试题

2014年英语专八改错真题答案

There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition(SL A)emerged as a distinct field of research from the late1950s to early1960s.

There is a high level of agreement that the following questions(a前面加also)

have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area:(possessed改为captured)

Is it possible to acquire an additional language in the

same sense one acquires a first language?(one前面加as) What is the explanation for the fact adults have(fact后面加that)

more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?What motivat es people to acquire additional languages?

What is the role of the language teaching in the(language前面去掉the) acquisition of an additional language?

What socio-

cultural factors,if any,are relevant in studying the learning of additional langu ages?

From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all(去掉the)

the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far have one thing in common :The perspective adopted to view the acquiring

of an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do(attempts改为attempting)

so.Whether one labels it“learning”or“acquiring”an additional

language,it is an individual accomplishment or what is under(or改为and)

focus is the cognitive,psychological,and institutional status of an individual. That is,the spotlight is on what mental capabilities are involving,what psycholog ical factors play a role in the learning

(involving改为involved)

or acquisition,and whether the target language is learnt in the

classroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers.

(touch改为contact)

Psycho_linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes involved in language.Psycholinguistics study understanding,

production and remembering language,and hence are concerned with(1)_____ listening,reading,speaking,writing,and memory for language.

One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually(2)______ happens so effortlessly,and most of time,so accurately.(3)______

Indeed,when you listen to someone to speaking,or looking at this page,(4)___ ___you normally cannot help but understand it.It is only in exceptional

circumstances we might become aware of the complexity(5)______

involved:if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it;

if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has influenced(6)______ their language;if we observe a child acquire language;if(7)______

we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult;or if we are visually imp aired or hearing-impaired or if we meet

anyone else who is.As we shall see,all these examples(8)______

of what might be called“language in exceptional circumstances”

reveal a great deal about the processes evolved in speaking,(9)______

listening,writing and reading.But given that language processes

were normally so automatic,we also need to carry out careful(10)______

experiments to get at what is happening.

1.production改成producing

2.去掉the

3.去掉accurately前面的so

4.looking改为look

5.we前面加that

6.去掉colleague后面的has

7.their改成his

8.anyone改成pure老师someone

9.evolved改成involved

10.were改成are

The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literall y or freely.Theargument has been going since at least the first(1)_ _____

century B.C.Up to the beginning of the19th century,many writers

favoured certain kind of“free”translation:the spirit,not the letter;the (2)_____sense not the word;the message rather the form;the matter not(3 )_______

the manner.This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who(4)____ ___

wanted the truth to be read and understood.Then in the turn of19th(5)____ _century,when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that

the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language(6)_____ __

was entirely the product of culture,the view translation was impossible(7)_ _____gained some currency,and with it that,if was attempted at all,it must be as

(8)_____literal as possible.This view culminated the statement of the(

9)_______

extreme“literalists”Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was the oretical:the purpose of the translation,the nature of the readership,the type of the text,was not discussed.Too

often,writer,translator and reader were implicitly identified with

each other.Now,the context has changed,and the basic problem remains.(10)__ _

1.going后加on

2. 2.certain改为a certain

3. 3.rather改为not

4. 4.is改为was

5. 5.in改为at

6. 6.去掉第二个the

7.7.view后面加that

8.8.去掉was

9.culminated后面加in

10.and改为but

2011年英语专八改错真题答案

From a very early age,perhaps the age of five or six,I knew

that when I grew I should be a writer.Between the ages of about1_________ _seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea,but I did so with the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that2________ ___soon or later I should have to settle down and write books.3_______ ____I was the child of three,but there was a gap of five years4_________ _

on either side,and I barely saw my father before I was eight.For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely,and I soon developed

disagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my5_____________s chooldays.I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and

holding conversations with imaginative persons,and I think from6_________

the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of7________

being isolated and undervalued.I knew that I had a facility with words

and a power of facing in unpleasant facts,and I felt that this created8______ __

a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure9________

in everyday life.Therefore,the volume of serious—

i.e.seriously10________

intended_writing which I produced all through my childhood and boyhood would n ot amount to half a dozen pages.I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five,my mother taking it down to dictation.

1.在grow后加up,考固定短语

2.改consience为consciousness考词语区别，consience翻译为“良心，道德心”,consiousness翻译为“意识”

3.改soon为sooner，sooner or later是固定短语

4.在child前加middle,考上下文理解。作者是三个孩子句中的那位

5。改disagreeing为disagreeable，disagreeing只能作动名词，不能作形容词。disagreeable mannernisms令人讨厌的习惯

6.改imaginative为imaginary,考词语区别imaginative翻译为“有想象力的”，imaginary翻译为“想象的，虚构的”

7.改literal为literary,考词义区别，literal翻译为“字面的”，literary翻译为“文学方面的”

8.去掉face后的in，face接宾语时是及物动词。考动词的基本用法

9.在world后加in或者改which为where,考定语从句

10.改Therefore为However或者Nevertheness,考语境。

2010年英语专八改错真题答案

So far as we can tell,all human languages are equally

complete and perfect as instruments of communication:that is,

every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say1___________ the things their speakers want to say.2_________ _There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive3___________ __peoples or cultures,but that is another matter.Certainly,not all groups of peo ple are equally competent in nuclear physics or

psychology or the cultivation of rice.Whereas this is not the4___________ __fault of their language.The Eskimos,it is said,can speak about

snow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in5___________ _English,but this is not because the Eskimo language(one of those sometimes misc alled'primitive')is inherently more precise and

subtle than English.This example does not come to light a defect6__________ __in English,a show of unexpected'primitiveness'.The position is

simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar7________ ____environments.The English language will be just as rich in terms8______ ______ for different kinds of snow,presumably,if the environments in which

Englishwas habitually used made such distinction as important.9________ ___Similarly,we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as preci se and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture

or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos'life.10______ ____

1.be后插入as;as…as引导的比较级

2.their改为its;its代替every language

3.There改为It;It此处作为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式

4.Whereas改为But；语境需要表示转折的连词，whereas表示对比

5.further改为much further不能修饰比较级

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c218910626.html,e改为

bring;(sth)come to light,bring sth to light bring to light the defect of Engl ish=bring the defect of english to light揭示英语的缺陷

7.similar改为different;根据语境应该用different

8.will改为would;虚拟语气

9.as important去掉as;

10the part去掉the或者改the为a be/become/form(a)part of是固定短语

2009年英语专八改错真题答案

The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes

from one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference( 1)____between school lore and nursery lore.In nursery lore a verse,

learnt in early childhood,is not usually passed on again when the(2)_ ____little listener has grown up,and has children of their own,or even(3) _________grandchildren.The period between learning a nursery rhyme and

transmitting it may be something from twenty to seventy years.With(4)____ __the playground lore,therefore,a rhyme may be excitedly passed(5)___ ____on within the very hour it is learnt;and in the general,it passes( 6)________between children of the same age,or nearly so,since it is uncommon for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five years.If,therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to have been

currently for a hundred years,or even just for fifty,it follows that it(

7)______has been retransmitted over and over;very possibly it has passed(

8)_________along a chain of two or three hundred young hearers and tellers,and

the wonder is that it remains live after so much handling,(9)___ ___to let alone that it bears resemblance to the(10)_ ______

答案分析：

(1)the further difference改为a further difference（此次应该用不定冠词表示泛指）

(2)改when为until,结构not...until翻译为“直到……才”

(3)their改为his（代词与前文a little listener在单复数上保持一致）

(4)something改为anything此处指二十到七十的任何时段

(5)therefore改为however（根据上下文逻辑关系）

(6)in the general去掉the（习惯用法in general表示总的来说，一般不用冠词）

(7)currently改为current（这里起的是表语的作用，需要形容词而不是副词）

(8)it has passed改为it has been passed（与分号前的被动保持一致）

(9)live改为alive alive翻译为“鲜活的”，一般作补语；live翻译为“现场转播的；活的”，一般作定语

(10)to let alone改为let alone(let alone为习惯搭配，意思是“更不用说

2008年英语专八改错真题答案

The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a

very natural one,and in result language has played a prominent____1____ part in national moves.Men have often felt the need to cultivate____2____

a given language to show that they are distinctive from another____3____

race whose hegemony they resent.At the time the United States____4____ split off from Britain,for example,there were proposals that

independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a____5____ different language from those of Britain.There was even one____6____ proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew.Others favoured the adoption of Gre ek,though,as one man put it,things would

certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English____7____ and made the British learn Greek.At the end,as everyone____8____

knows,the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory

solution of carrying with the same language as before.____9____ Since nearly two hundred years now,they have shown the world____10____

that political independence and national identity can be complete without sacrif icing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language.

1.in result改成in consequence，

2.2moves改成movements.

3.distinctive改成distinct或different

4.4.在time后加when

5.accepted改成realized

6.those改成that

7.删除on,

8.At改成In

9carrying with改成carrying on with

10.now改成ago

2007年英语专八改错真题答案

From what has been said,it must be clear that no one can make very positive sta tements about how language originated.

There is no material in any language today and in the earliest1__________

records of ancient languages show us language in a new and2__________

emerging state.It is often said,of course,that the language3_________ originated in cries of anger,fear,pain and pleasure,and the4__________

necessary evidence is entirely lacking:there are no remote tribes,no ancient records,providing evidence of

a language with a large proportion of such cries5__________

than we find in English.It is true that the absence

of such evidence does not disprove the theory,but in6__________

other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.

People of all races and languages make rather similar

noises in return to pain or pleasure.The fact that7___________

such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen

and Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,

serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference8___________

between these noises and language proper.We may say that the cries of pain or cho rtles of amusement

are largely reflex actions,instinctive to large extent,9___________

whereas language proper does not consist of signs

but of these that have to be learnt and that are10___________

wholly conventional.

1,改and为or,any languagages today or recordsof ancient languages是并列成分，在否定句中用or

2,改show为showing,现在分词作定语

3，删除the,表示泛指

4，改and为but,根据语境此处是转折

5，改large为larger,后面有than,应该用比较级

6，改in为on,on other grounds“基于其它理由”，为固定搭配

7，改return为response,in response to“对……作出反应”

8，删除on,emphasize sth emphasize是及物动词

9，在large前加a,extent是可数名词，前面要加冠词。"to a large extent"翻译为“在很大程度上”

10，改these为those those that/who为固定形式

2006年英语专八改错真题答案

We use language primarily as a means of communication with

other human beings.Each of us shares with the community in which we

live a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as1____ __to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular2_______ message:the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a3_______ set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his4_______ thoughts and feelings,in a variety of styles,to the other English5_____ __

speakers.His vocabulary,in particular,both that which he uses active-

ly and that which he recognises,increases in size as he grows

old as a result of education and experience.6______ __But,whether the language store is relatively small or large,the system remain s no more than a psychological reality for the individual,unless

he has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another7______ _member of his linguistic community;he bas to give the system a

concrete transmission form.We take it for granted the two most8________ __common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by our

vocal organs(speech)or by visual signs(writing).And these are9_______ ___among most striking of human achievements.10___________ _

1,改agreeing为agreed agreed conventions翻译为“习俗”

2，words前加the,此处为特指

3，改in为at at one’s disposal为固定短语，翻译为“由某人做主”

4改enables为enable，定语从句与先行词vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules保持一致

5，删除the,此处需要泛指

6，改old为older,此处需要比较级

7改seen为understood，system应该是被理解

8删除it take sth for granted take it for granted that…

9,改or为and,语境需要并列关系而不需选择关系

10，most前加the,形容词最高级中that一般不能省略

2005年英语专八改错真题答案

A number of colleges and universities have announced steep tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,

very low rate of inflation.They say the increases are needed because

of a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in common1 __stock.I am skeptical.A business firm chooses the price that maximizes

its net revenues,irrespective fluctuations in income;and increasingly the

2__outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from th ose of3___business firms.The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economi

c uncertainty4___increases the deman

d for education.Th

e biggest cost o

f bein

in the school is foregoing income from a job(this is primarily a factor in

5___graduate and professional-

school tuition);the poor one's job prospects,

6______

the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,in order to make oneself more marketable.

The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students7___ include soft majors,student evaluations of teachers,giving students

a governance role,and eliminate required courses.8_

Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as

customers.Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the9 __rigors of competition,universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations,so the best athl etes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earlier from pro fessional teams.And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities,the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students,by agreeing no

t to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purely of need_just like b usiness firms agreeing not to give discounts on their best

10____ customer.

1.investing应改为invested，过去分词作定语

2.在irrespective和fluctuations之间加上介词of。irrespectiveOf是一固定用法，意指“不论，不管，不顾，”等，此处指公司不顾收入的波动变化。

3.把those改为that，that此处代替outlook

4．在fact和economic之间力口上关系代词that。这是一个同位语从语，that在同位语从句中是不能省略的.

5．把定冠词the去掉,in school表示上学这个抽象意义

6．把形容词poor改为其比较级poorer。这句中的poor与后面的more形成一对比较关系，表示“越……越……”

7．在ways和which之间加上一个介词in。

8．这里应该用动词的—lng形式，即eliminating，以便使句型结构与前面的giving(students a governance role)保持一致，否则句子结构和意思都显得不正确。

9．将shorten(缩短；使变短)改为reduce/lesson/weaken。此处属于用词不当。

10．将to give discounts on改为to give discounts to their best customer。意为实业公司给最好的客户提供优惠。Give discounts to sb为固定短语

2003年英语专八改错真题答案

Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwar

period were more eager than ever to establish families.They quickly brought down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought

the birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred(1) __years of a steady decline,producing the“baby boom.”These young

(2)__

adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively large

families that went for more than two decades and caused a major(3)__ but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns.From

the1940s through the early1960s,Americans married at a high rate(4)_ _and at a younger age than their Europe counterparts.

(5)__

Less noted but equally more significant,the men and women who(6)__ formed families between1940and1960nevertheless reduced the(7)__ divorce rate after a postwar peak;their marriages remained intact to

a greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as well(8 )__as later decades.Since the United States maintained its dubious

(9)__

distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world,the

temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in(10) __Europe.Contrary to fears of the experts,the role of breadwinner and homemaker was not abandoned

1.答案：height→high，high作为名词翻译为“最高水平”，又如reach an all-time high2．答案：删除a

【详细解答】此处steady decline指稳定下降的行为、过程而不是其结果，为不可数名词，故应去掉定冠词a。

3．答案：went后加on

【详细解答】go on为固定搭配，意为“持续”。

4．答案：high→higher

【详细解答】后面有than，此处应为比较级。

5．答案：Europe→European

【详细解答】根据上下文，此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词counterparts。

6．答案：more

【详细解答】由上下文可知，more与equally矛盾，故应去掉。

7．答案：nevertheless→also

【详细解答】由上下文可知，此处讲的内容与前部分内容之间为递进关系，而非转折关系。

8．答案：that→those

【详细解答】由上下文可知，此处所指代的应为前面复数形式的marriages，故指示代词也应该用复数形式。

9．答案：Since→Although（或While）

【详细解答】从逻辑上讲，此处应表达让步关系，而非因果关系。

10．答案：in→to【详细解答】to．．．extent为固定搭配，意为“到……程度”

homemaker was not abandoned.

1.答案：height→high，high作为名词翻译为“最高水平”，又如reach an all-time high2．答案：删除a

【详细解答】此处steady decline指稳定下降的行为、过程而不是其结果，为不可数名词，故应去掉定冠词a。

3．答案：went后加on

【详细解答】go on为固定搭配，意为“持续”。4．答案：high→higher

【详细解答】后面有than，此处应为比较级。5．答案：Europe→European

【详细解答】根据上下文，此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词counterparts。6．答案：more

【详细解答】由上下文可知，more与equally矛盾，故应去掉。7．答案：nevertheless→also

【详细解答】由上下文可知，此处讲的内容与前部分内容之间为递进关系，而非转折关系。8．答案：that→those

【详细解答】由上下文可知，此处所指代的应为前面复数形式的marriages，故指示代词也应该用复数形式。

9．答案：Since→Although（或While）

【详细解答】从逻辑上讲，此处应表达让步关系，而非因果关系。10．答案：in→to【详细解答】to．．．extent为固定搭配，意为“到……程度”

2002年英语专八改错真题答案

There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciation co mparable to that existing in spelling(orthography).One is the fact that

pronunciation is learnt…naturally?and unconsciously,and orthography is learnt

1._____deliberately and https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c218910626.html,rge numbers of us,in fact,remain

throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our speech sounds2____

__like when we speak out,and it often comes as a shock when3______

we firstly hear a recording of ourselves.It is not a voice we recognize at once,

4_______whereas our own handwriting is something which we almost always know.

5_____We begin the…natural?learning of pronunciation long before we start learn ing

to read or write,and in our early years we went on unconsciously 6.___ imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us

for many more hours per every day than we ever have to spend7.___

learning even our difficult English spelling.This is…natural?,8.

___

therefore,that our speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circle;

after all,as we have seen,speech operates as a means of holding a community

9.___

and giving a sense of'belonging'.We learn quite early to recognize a…stranger?, someone who speaks with an accent of a different community-

perhaps only a few miles far.10——

1.【详细解答】前半句意为“发音是在无意识之中学成的”，后半句意为“拼写是有意识地学成的”，它们之间是对比关系，故应该用连词while来连接。

2.答案：【详细解答】be unconscious of是固定搭配，意为“无意识地，未意识到”。即“我们之中很多人一辈子都不知道自己的话听起来是什么样的”。

3.答案：speak后加it【详细解答】speak out意为“大胆地说出”，在这里句意不通。在speak out中加上it，指代前面的speech，意为“当我们说出话后，自己听起来像什么”。

4.答案：【详细解答】firstly表示顺序中的“第一”，first则表示时间上的“第一次，首次”。这里是说“当我们第一次听到自己的录音时，通常会震惊”。故应将firstly改为first才合乎句意。

5.答案：【详细解答】在定语从句中，如果先行词是代词something，everything，nothing，little，few等时，关系词应用that而不是which，故此处应将which改为that。

6.答案：【详细解答】本文通篇用的都是一般现在时，所以此处也应用一般现在时，使上下文保持时态一致。

7.答案：删除per或【详细解答】per和every都是“每”的意思，在此属重复错误，故将两者去掉一个即可。

8.答案：【详细解答】根据句子结构，句中缺少一形式主语，而作形式主语的只能是代词it，this是“这”的意思，不能用做形式主语，所以应将this改为it。

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