英美文学复习资料(打印节省版)
英美文学复习资料
English Literary History
1. Beowulf is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.
2. Romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period.
3. Geoffrey Chaucer has been called the father of English poetry. His masterpiece is The Canterbury Tales.
4. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.
5. Edmund Spenser is known as “the poets’ poet”. Masterpiece the Faerie Queene is a great poem of its age.
6. Christopher Marlowe is the most gifted of the “University Wits”. His masterpieces are Tamburlaine, Dr. Faustus, the Jew of Malta and Edward II. Marlowe?s greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the blank verse and made it the principal medium of English drama and the creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama.
7. William Shakespeare is one of the most remarkable playwrights and poets. His greatest tragedies are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. The Merchant of Venice is the most important play among the comedies.
8. Francis Bacon is a well-known Renaissance philosopher, scientist and essayist.
9. John Donne is the leading figure of the “Metaphysical school.”
10. The neoclassical period,that is the eighteenth-century England is also known as the Age of enlightenment or the Age of Reason. Enlightenment Movement brought about in reviving the interest in old classical works is known as neoclassicism.
11. The mid-century was predominated by a newly rising literary form – the modern English novel. 12. John Bunyan was a devout Christian, and a firm non-conformist of the Anglican Church. His masterpiece is the Pilgrim?s Progress. (最成功的宗
教寓言诗)
13. Alexander Pope?s best satiric work is The Dunciad (愚人志).
14. Daniel Defoe?s works are the first literary writings devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people.
15. Jonathan Swift was a master satirist. His “A Modest Proposal” is generally taken as a perfect model.
16. Henry Fielding is regarded as “father of the English Novel”. He was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “c omic epic in prose”, the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.
17. Samuel Johnson, as a lexicographer, distinguished himself as the author of the first English dictionary by an Englishman – A Dictionary of the English Language.
18. Richard Brinsley Sheridan is the only important English dramatist of the eighteenth century. His plays, especially the Rivals and the School for Scandal, are generally regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw, and as the true classics in English comedy.
19. Thomas Gray?s masterpiece, “Elegy Written in
a Country Churchyard,” establishes his fame as the leader of the sentimental poetry of the day, especially “the Graveyard School.”
20. English Romanticism is generally said to have begun in 1798 with publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballad s and to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott?s death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament.
21. William Blake was literarily the first important English Romantic poet. Symbolism in wide range is also a distinctive feature of his poetry. His major works are Songs of Innocence, Songs of experience and Marriage of heaven and Hell.
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22. William Wordsworth, together with Robert Southey and Coleridge, became known as the “Lake Poets.” He published Lyrical Ballads in collaboration with Coleridge. The preface to this collection of poems is considered as declarations of romanticism.
23. Samual Taylor Coleridge and The Rime of the ancient mariner
24.George Gordon Byron’s masterpiece is Don Juan, which was called comic epi c and mock epic.
25. Percy Bysshe Shelley?s greatest achievement is Prometheus Unbound. His most well-known lyric is “Ode to the West Wind.”
26. John Keats is known for his many great odes.
27. Jane Austen?s first novel is Sense and Sensibility. Her masterpieces are Pride and Prejudice, and Emma.
28. Novel became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought.
29. Realism emphasizes objectivity, straightforward and matter-of-fact, and adopts a critical tone.
30. Charles Dickens is one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian Age. Dickens is a master of story-telling, and Character-portrayal is the most distinguishing feature of his works.
31. Bronte Sisters: Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte and Anne Bronte. Emily is chiefly famous for her only novel, Wuthering Heights.
32. Alfred Tennyson?s masterpiece is In Memoriam.
33. George Eliot, as a pioneer to the modern psychoanalytical novel, was the first novelist that “started putting all the actions inside.”
34. Thomas Hardy’s works, known as “novels of character and environment,” are most representative of him as both a naturalistic and a critical writer. Influenced by nature and
environment.
35. Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psychoanalysis as its theoretical base. The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relationship between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself.
36. Bernard Shaw is a brilliant dramatist. Most of his plays are concerned with political, economic, moral, or religious problems, so his plays can be termed as problem plays. His plays have one passion only, that is, indignation. 37. John Galsworthy is a modern novelist. His first trilogy is Forsyte Saga: The man of property, in chancery and to Let.
38. William Butler Yeats was awarded Noble Prize for literature in 1923. His well-known poem is “sailing to Byzantium.”
39. T. S. Eliot was originally a very famous American poet, verse dramatist and prose writer. His major poems are “the love song of J. Alfred Prufrock”, and “the waste land.”
40. D. H. Lawrence is one of the greatest English novelist of the 20th century and also the greatest from a working-class family. The Rainbow and Women in Love are regarded as his masterpieces.
41. James Joyce is the most prominent
stream-of-consciousness novelist. His masterpiece is Ulysses.
42. Washington Irving was one of the first American writers to earn an international reputation. His The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent contains the first modern American short stories and the first great American juvenile literature: Rip Van winkle and “the Legend of Sleepy Hol low”.
43. Ralph Waldo Emerson the American towering figure of his era, was responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New England.
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His Essays includes his best writings such as The American Scholar, Self-reliance, The Over-soul.
44. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most interesting, yet most ambivalent writers in the American literary history. His masterpieces include The Scarlet Letter.
45. Walt Whitman is a national figure in American literary history. His Leaves of Grass has always been considered a monumental work, containing “song of myself.”
46. Herman Melville?s Moby-Dick is one of the world?s greatest masterpieces.
47. Edgar Alan Poe is a famous fictional writer, short story writer.
48. James Fenimore Cooper?s lasting fame rests on his frontier stories, including The Deerslayer, The Last of the Mohicans, the pathfinder, The Pioneers, and the Prairie.
49. Mark Twain, pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clements, is a great literary giant of America and is considered the true father of American literature. He is known as a local colorist. Major works are Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and the Adventures of Tom Sawyer.
50. Henry James is the first American writer to conceive his career in international terms and the founder of steam-of-consciousness. Best works are the Ambassadors, and The Golden Bowl.
51. Emily Dickinson is the only woman in this period.
52. Theodore Dreiser is generally acknowledged as one of the greatest America?s literary naturalists. Sister Carrie is his best-known novel and An American Tragedy is his greatest work.
53. Stephan Crane is a pioneer writing in naturalistic tradition. He is mainly famous for The Red Badge of Courage.
54. Ezra Pound, a leading spokesman of the “Imagist Movement,” was one of the most influential American poets of the 20th century.
55. Robert Frost is a four-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize.
56. Eugene O?Neill is America?s greatest playwright. He was the only dramatist ever to win a Nobel Prize. He is widely acclaimed “founder of the American drama.” Masterpiece is Long Days Journey Into Night.
57. Francis Scott Fitzgerald was a most representative figure of the 1920s. His work, Tales of the Jazz Age, made the 20s called Jazz era.
58. Ernest Hemingway is one of the most popular American novelists of 20th century and a spokesman of the “Lost Generation.” Novels include A Farewell to Arms, the Old Man and the Sea.
Quiz
1. The Victorian period has been generally regarded as one of the most glorious in the English history.
2. The worsening living and working conditions, the mass unemployment and the new Poor Law of 1834 with its workhouse system finally gave rise to the Chartist Movement.
3. The Bronte sisters refers to Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte and Anne Bronte.
4. Robert Browning is noteworthy for his mastery of the dramatic monologue form.
5. Faulkner’s novel the sound and the fury describes the decay and downfall of an old southern aristocratic family, symbolizing the old social order.
6. The poem The Red Wheelbarrow written by William Carlos Williams exemplifies the
Imagist-influenced Philosophy of “no ideas but in things.”
7. E. E. Cummings is the most interesting experimentalists in modern American poetry.
第二部分：诗歌
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1.The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Footprints in “The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls”: The transient nature of human
achievement
2.“She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways” by William Wordsworth
Last stanza creates a kind of perfect pathos
The last line creates a perfect pathos. It shows that Lucy…s death, though, is unnoticed by others and made no difference to the world, it has made all the difference to her lover, who loves and values her so deeply and feels a great pain and deep grief over her death.
Now Lucy is in the grave and her lover is still living lonely on the earth, there will be no chance for him to communicate with her and to feel her beauty, so Lucy?s death is a great loss to him. In this way, the last line arouses our deep sympathy both for the girl and her lover.
3.“Wuthering Heights” by Emily Bront?
God1 Would you like to live with your soul in the grave?
Your soul---Catherine
I love my murderer---but yours!
My murderer--- Catherine
Yours--- Catherine?s husband: Edgar Catherine?s brother: Hindley
4. A Clean, Well-Lighted Place
What does the word “insomnia” imply? Ernest Hemingway A Clean, Well-Lighted Place “insomnia”, a physical disease or mental problem, may be a spiritual wound caused by despair, anxiety, alienation and nihilism.
In the course of exploring the deeper meaning of life, Hemingway brings the human neurotic nature into readers? attention. The hereditary nature of neurosis of Hemingway?s heroes contributes proof to the conviction of naturalists that man is generally a threatened species.
It implies that the older waiter unconsciously does not want to confront the chaotic world and shuts him away from reality by sleeping during daytime, or indulging in reverie.
第三部分阅读理解
1. 1. “Sonnet 18” by William Shakespeare
Sh?ll I| cǒmpáre| th?e tó| ? súm|m?r?s dáy?
Thǒu árt| mǒre lóve|ly ánd| mǒre tém|p?ráte.
Róugh wínds| dó sháke| th? dár|lǐng búds| ǒf Máy, And súm|m?r?s léase| h?th áll| tǒo shórt| ? dáte.
Sǒmetímes| tǒo hót| th? éye| ǒf héav|?n shínes,
And óf|ten ís| his góld| cǒmpléx|ǐon dímm?d;
And éve|ry fair| frǒm fáir| sǒmetíme| d?clínes,
By chánce,| ǒr ná|t?re?s cháng|ǐng cóurse,| ?ntrímm?d;
B?t thy| ?tér|nál súm|m?r sháll| nǒt fáde,
Nǒr lóse| pǒssés|sǐon óf| thát fáir| thǒu ów?st;
Nǒr sháll| D?ath brág| thǒu wán|d?r?st ín| hǐs sháde, Wh?n ín| ?tér|nál línes| tǒ tíme| t hǒu grów?st;
Sǒ lóng| ás mén| cán bréathe,| ǒr éyes| cán sée,
Sǒ lóng| lǐves thís,| ánd thís| gǐves lífe| tǒ thée.
What is the rhyme and meter of the poem? Meter: iambic pentameter
The rhyme scheme: ABAB CDCD EFEF GG.
What does the poem reveal?
In the poem, the poet shows his profound meditation on the destructive power of time and the eternal beauty brought forth by poetry to the one he loves and then expounds that all nice and beautiful things in the world will disappear, but the beauty in poetry can last forever. Thus the poem reveals Shakespeare?s faith in the permanence of poetry, the lasting power of human art and the creative power of human beings.
2.What is the effectiveness of the use of stream
of consciousness technique in the story
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英美文学复习资料
英美文学 I. 本期讲过的所有名家名作 II．名词术语: Ode ——in ancient literature, is an elaborate lyrical poem composed for a chorus to chant and to dance to; in modern use, it is a rhymed lyric expressing noble feelings, often addressed to a person or celebrating an event. Alliteration ——It is a form of initial rhyme, or head rhyme. It is the repetition of the same sound or sounds at the beginning of two or more words that are next to or close to each other. e.g. He came on under the clouds, clearly saw at last Rage-inflamed, wreckage-bent, be ripped open Kenning ——a figurative language in order to add beauty to ordinary objects. It is a metaphor usually composed of two words, which becomes the formula for a special object. e.g. Helmet bearer—— warrior Swan road——the sea The world candle—— the sun Repetition &Variation e.g. Grendel / The spoiler / warlike creature / the foe / horrible monster A host of young soldiers / a company of Kinsmen / a whole warrior-band Caesura ——every line consists of two clearly separated half lines between which is a pause, called caesura. e.g. Grendel stalking; God’s brand was on him.
英语专业-英美文学试卷及答案-期末
英语专业-英美文学试卷及答案-期末
英美文学试卷A 共9页第 I. Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). (10 x 1’=10’) 1. ( ) Chaucer is the first English short-story teller and the founder of English poetry as well as the founder of English realism. His masterpiece The Canterbury tales contains 26 stories. 2. ( ) English Renaissance is an age of essay and drama. 3. ( ) The rise of the modern novel is closely related to the rise of the middle class and an urban life. 4. ( ) The French Revolution and the American War of Independence were two big influences that brought about the English Romantic Movement. 5. ( ) Charlotte’s novels are all about lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for life and love. Her novels are more or less based on her own experience and feelings and the life as she sees around. 6. ( ) The leading figures of the naturalism at the turn of 19th century are Thomas Hardy, John Galsworthy and Bernard Shaw. 7. ( ) Emily Dickinson is remembered as the “All American Writer”. 8. ( )The Civil War divides the American literature into romantic literature and realist literature. 9. ( ) Mark Twain is the first American writer to discover an American language and American consciousness.
却最简洁最重点的英美文学考试重点
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作:The Song of Beowulf(national epic民族史诗)metaphor alliteration。 3、Angles, Saxons and Jutes. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) 1、The Roman Conquest: In 1066, the Duke of Normandy William led the Norman army to invade England. The result of this war was William became the king of England. After the conquest, feudal system was established in English society.Chivalry was introduced by the Normans into England. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight头韵 2、传奇ramances：描写骑士的冒险精神和典雅爱情文学。seek adventures , fighting for his lord in battle,humility,honor,sacrifice,brave,honesty,love with women 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)（反封建、反教会、追求个性自由） 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、purely English(the London dialect伦敦方言) 3、heroic couplet英雄双韵体
【自考答案】英美文学选读试题
绝密★考试结束前 全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试 英美文学选读试题 课程代码：00604 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。全部题目用英文作答。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each) Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet. 1. Shakespeare has established his giant position in world literature with his ______ plays, 154 sonnets and 2 long poems.B A. 27 B. 38 C.47 D. 52 2. john Milton’s literary achievement can be divided into three groups: the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the last ______.C A. romances B. dramas C. great poems D. ballads 3. The novels of ______ are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower— class people.C A. John Milton B. Daniel Defoe C. Henry Fielding D. Jonathan Swift
英美文学复习资料重点
英美文学复习材料 Geoffrey Chaucer Father/founder of English Poetry Major works: ?The Romaunt of the Rose 《玫瑰传奇》 ?The Parliament of Fowls《百鸟议会》 ?Troilus and Criseyde《特鲁伊罗斯和克里塞德》 ?The Legend of Good Women《好女人传》 ?The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》 The Canterbury Tales ?The story of a group of thirty people who travel as pilgrims to Canterbury. ? A rich, tapestry (织锦)of medieval social life combining elements of all classes, from nobles to workers, from priests and nuns to drunkards and thieves. London dialect ?The General Prologue consists of character sketches of each member of the group that is going to Canterbury The Canterbury Tales ?Some of the characters ?The Knight :the first story teller ?The Prioress女修道院副院长 ?The Merchant ?The Wife of Bath巴斯妇: the first female figure in British literature ?Poor Priest William Shakespeare (1564-1616) Renaissance ?Meaning: rebirth or revival ?Time: began in the 14th century, end in the 17th century. ?Place: began in Italy, later spread to France, Spain and England. ? A keen interest in the Greek and Latin culture; the art and science of ancient Greece
英美文学欣赏考题整理及答案
Part One：English Poetry 1.William Shakespeare Sonnet 18 ?Why does the poet compare `thee` to a summer?s day? And who could `thee` be? Because summer?s day and thee both represent beauty . thee could be beauty, love. ?What picture have you got of English summer, and could you explain why? Warm, beautiful, sunshine. Because summer is the best season of a year ,the most beautiful season. It is like our May. ?How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line? Thee is more beautiful than summer. ?What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more fair than summer and immortal? Because humanism is more eternal than summer and immortal. ?What figures of speech are used in this poem? Simile, metaphor, personification, oxymoron and so on . ?What is the theme of the poem? Love conquers all, Beauty lives on. 2. Thomas Nashe Spring ?Read the poem carefully, pay attention to those image- bearing words, and see how many images the poet created in the poem and what sense impressions you can get from those images. There is “Blooms each thing, maids dance in a ring, the pretty birds do sing, the palm and may make country houses gay, Lambs frisk' and play, the shepherds pipe all day, And we hear aye birds tune this merry lay, The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet, Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit, In every street these tunes bur ears do greet!” The “Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit，”impressions me most because of the harmony of the people?s relationship. ?Can you point out and explain the sound and their musical effect in the poem? In the Poem, each section has four lines, each line has ten syllables ( five tone step ) . In order to give the reader a spring breeze , streams , flowers , winding , Song Xin texture of sound and light flavor, Naixi greater uses English word S , z , f , V , R , L , and θconsonants means. In Naixi's poem, the use of phonological is also very harmonious, very smooth , very mellow. Section I of the poetry has Three pairs [ ing ] , section II of the poem has three pairs [ ei ] and the third quarter has three pairs [ i : ]. 3.John Donne A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning ?What is a “valediction” any way? Is the speaker in the poem about to die? Why does the speaker forbid mourning? No, it is about the lover s?separation. As the poem metaphors, the poet believed he and his wife?s love is sacred, he didn?t hope they cry when separation comes, let their love be stained by the ordinary and mundane.
英美文学史及作品选读 复习题
1.Romance,which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period. A.Christian B.knightly C.Greek D.primitive 2. In The song of Beowulf , Beowulf fought against _______. A. Grendel B. a knight C. Hrothgar D. Sir Gawain 3. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___. A.Piers Plowman B.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C.Confessio Amantis D.The Canterbury Tales 4. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18? A.The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature. B.The speaker satirizes human vanity. C.The speaker praises the power of artistic creation. D.The speaker meditates on man's salvation. 5. John Milton was the writer of ______ A. Paradise lost B. The Pilgrims progress C. Tess D. Emma 6. The greatest of all English authors is _______ A. William Shakespeare B. Charles Dickens C, Thomas Hardy D. Robert Frost 7. Of all the 18thcentury novelists, _______ and Tobias Gorge Smollet may be regard as the real founders of the genre of the bourgeois realistic novel in England and Europe. A. Henry Fielding B. Daniel Defoe C. Joseph Addison D. Richard Steel 8. The most outstanding figure of English sentimentalism was _____ A. Henry Fielding B. Daniel Defoe C. Joseph Addison https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ca3113379.html,urence Sterne 9. The most outstanding figure of the epoch of Enlightenment in England was ______. A. Oliver Goldsmith B. Jonathan Swift c. Thomas Grey D. Richard Steel 10. Daniel Defoe was the writer of ______ A. Gulliver’s Travels B. Robinson Crusoe C. Jane Eyre D. A Modest Proposal 11. Gulliver’s Travels was written by ______. A. Laurence Sterne B. Daniel Defoe C. Jonathan Swift D. Oliver Goldsmith 12. Tom Jones was written by _____ A. Oliver Goldsmith B. Jonathan Swift c. Thomas Grey D. Henry Feilding 13. The songs of Innocence was written by ____ A. William Wordsworth B. William Blake C. Robert Burns D. J.Keats 14. With the publication of William Wordsworth’s _____ in collaboration with S.T. Colerige, romanticism began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature. A. The Cloud B. To a Sky-lark C. to Autumn D. Lyrical Ballads 15.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!” is an epigrammatic line by __. A.J.Keats B.W.Blake C.W.Wordsworth D.P.B.Shelley 16. ______ was Byron’s greatest work. A. Don Juan B.She Walks in Beauty C. Cain D. Manfred. 17.Ulysses (1922) is generally acknowledged to be ______’s masterpiece and a typical example of stream of consciousness technique. A. James Joyce B. Virginia Woolf C. D. h. Lawrence D. Charles Dickens 18. The Title Vanity Fair was borrowed by Thackeray from the_____ by Bunyan. A. Pilgrim’s Progress B. Canterbury Tales C. Paradise Lost D. Beowulf
《英美文学选读》复习资料
《英美文学选读》复习指导资料 Part 1 English Literature An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature 一．重点：有关这部分的文学史内容 1．古代英国文学和中世纪英国文学的起始阶段 2．英国文学史上的第一部民族史诗----Beowulf 3．中世纪文学的主要文学形式-----Romance 4．Geoffrey Chaucer 的文学贡献 二．练习： 1. Choose the best answer for each blank. 1). The period of ______ English literature begins from about 450 to 1066, the year of ______. A. Old----Renaissance B. Middle---- the Norman Conquest of England C. Middle ---- Renaissance D. Old---- the Norman Conquest of England 2). The Medieval period in English literature extends from 1066 up to the ______ century. A. mid-13th B. mid-14th C. mid-15th D. mid-16th 3). Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national ______ of the Anglo-Saxons. A. sonnet B. essay C. epic D. novel 4). In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. William Shakespeare C. Francis Bacon D. William Langland 5). For the Renaissance, ______ was regarded as the English Homer. His reputation has been securely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and ______. A. Geoffrey Chaucer----wits B. William Shakespeare----wits C. Geoffrey Chaucer----humanity D. William Shakespeare----humanity 6). After the conquest of 1066, three languages co-existed in England. They are ______, ______ and ______. A. Old English, Greek, Latin B. Old English, French, Latin C. Old English, Greek, French D. English, Greek, French 7). Geoffrey Chaucer is the greatest writer of the Medieval period in English literature. In ―The Legend of Good Women‖, he used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the ______. A. couplet B. blank verse C. heroic couplet D. epic 8). Thematically the poem ―Beowulf‖ presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggle against the hostile forces of the ______ world under a wise and mighty ______.
英美文学史期末考试资料
Comment on Walden In 1845, Thoreau decided to conduct an experiment of self-sufficiency by building his own house on the shores of Walden Pond and living off the food he grew on his farm. He sought to reduce his physical needs to a minimum, in order to free himself for study, thought, and observation of nature, himself. Walden can be many things and can be read on more than one level. But it is, first and foremost, a book about man, what he is, and what he should be and must be. Considered one of the all-time great books, Walden is a record of Thoreau's two year experiment of living at Walden Pond. The writer's chief emphasis is on the simplifications and enjoyment of life now. It is regarded as 1. a nature book.2. a do-it-yourself guide to simple life. 3. a satirical criticism of modern life and living. 4. a belletristic achievement 5. a spiritual book. The Scarlet Letter Symbolic meaning of the letter “A” :1.The scarlet letter “A” is the central symbol of the novel. At the beginning it symbolized the sin of Hester—“adultery”, 2.then gradually when Hester became accepted by the community, it stands for Hester’s intelligence and diligence—“able”. 3.At the end of the novel the symbol has evolved to represent the high virtues of Hester Prynne—“angel”. Comments on The Scarlet Letter:1.The theme of the story should be the moral, emotional and psychological effects of the sin on people. 2.Scarlet Letter is a cultural allegory, in which the author indirectly tells the future of Puritanism.3.Scarlet Letter is a sample in which American Romanticism adapted itself to American Puritanism.(Because of the strong influence of Puritanism in American society, Hawthorne only expressed his ideas on the sin indirectly by employing symbolism.) Symbolism in the novel Moby Dick A. the voyage itself is a metaphor for “search and discovery, the search for the ultimate truth of experience.” B. the Pequod is the ship of the American soul and consciousness. C. Moby Dick is a symbol of evil to some, of goodness to others, and of both to still others. D. The whiteness of Moby Dick is a paradoxical color, signifying death and corruption as well as purity, innocence and youth; it represents the final mystery of the universe. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Setting: unpopulated wildness an a dense forest along Mississippi River Characters:1.Ignorant uneducated black slave Jim2.Uneducated outcast white boy Huck Finn。Theme: Huck’s inner waving struggle between what he was taught and what he thought out of good-heart and humanity.Its Features：1.Profound portrait of Huckleberry Finn 2.Magic power with language, the use of vernacular. 3. Humor In a Station of the Metro1 by Ezra Pound The apparition of these faces in the crowd: Petals on a wet, black bough. Note: 1。a Paris subway station Analysis of this poem The poem’s form is similar to Japanese haiku, with considering its title as a verse-line. The word “apparition” has double meaning:1. “appearance”, something which can be clearly observed;2. something which seems real but perhaps is not real; something ghostly which cannot be clearly observed. Petals may refer to the faces in the crowd, while bough may refer to the railway in the Metro.
自考英美文学选读00604考前串讲(7)
英美文学考前串讲（7） American Literature Chapter 1 The Romantic Period I. Choose the right answer: 1. Of all the following issues, _____is definitely NOT the focus of the Romantic writers in the American literary history. A. Puritan morality B. Human bestiality C. Noble sav ages D. Divinity of man Answer: B (P401) 2.Henry David Thoreau’s work, ________, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of the New England Transcende ntal Movement. A. Walden B. The Pioneers C. Nature D. "Song of Myself" Answer: A (P402) 3. "Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind" is a famous quote fr om______’s writings. A. Walt Whitman B. Henry David Thoreau C. Herman Melville D. Ralph Waldo Eme rson Answer: D (P402) 4. Leaves of Grass’commands great attention because of its uniquely poetic embodiment of ________, which are written in the founding documents of both the Revolutionary War and t he American Civil War. A. the democratic ideals B. the romantic ideals C. the self-reliance spirits D. the relig ious ideals Answer: A (P447) 5. According to Whitman, the genuine participation of a poet in a common cultural effort was to behave as a supreme_________. A. democrat B. individualist C. romanticist D. lead er Answer: B (P448) 6. The period before the American Civil War is generally referred to as ___________. A. The Naturalist Period B. The Modern Period C. The Romantic Period D. The Realistic Pe riod Answer: C (P399) 7. In the following works, which sign the beginning of the American literature? A. The S ketch Book B. Leaves of Grass C. Leather Stocking Tales D. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn B (P399) 8._____is the author of the work ’The Legend of Sleepy Hollow’. A. Washington Irving B. James Joyce C. Walt Whitman D. William Butler Yeats Answer: A (P404) 9. Washington Irving’s ’Rip Van Winkle’is famous for_________. A. Rip’s escape into a mysterious B. The story’s German legendary source material C. Rip’s seeking for happiness D. Rip’s 20-years sleep Answer: D (P406) 10. Which of the following statement is not true about Washington Irving? A. Washington Irving is regarded as Father of the American short stories. B. Irving’s relationship with the Old World in terms of his literary imagination can hardly be ign
英美文学复习资料
英美文学复习资料 English Literary History 1. Beowulf is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. 2. Romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period. 3. Geoffrey Chaucer has been called the father of English poetry. His masterpiece is The Canterbury Tales. 4. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. 5. Edmund Spenser is known as “the poets’ poet”. Masterpiece the Faerie Queene is a great poem of its age. 6. Christopher Marlowe is the most gifted of the “University Wits”. His masterpieces are T amburlaine, Dr. Faustus, the Jew of Malta and Edward II. Marlowe’s greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the blank verse and made it the principal medium of English drama and the creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama. 7. William Shakespeare is one of the most remarkable playwrights and poets. His greatest tragedies are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. The Merchant of Venice is the most important play among the comedies. 8. Francis Bacon is a well-known Renaissance philosopher, scientist and essayist. 9. John Donne is the leading figure of the “Metaphysical school.” 10. The neoclassical period,that is the eighteenth-century England is also known as the Age of enlightenment or the Age of Reason. Enlightenment Movement brought about in reviving the interest in old classical works is known as neoclassicism. 11. The mid-century was predominated by a newly rising literary form – the modern English novel. 12. John Bunyan was a devout Christian, and a firm non-conformist of the Anglican Church. His masterpiece is the Pilgrim’s Progress. (最成功的宗教寓言诗) 13. Alexander Pope’s best satiric work is The Dunciad (愚人志). 14. Daniel Defoe’s works are the first literary writings devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people. 15. Jonathan S wift was a master satirist. His “A Modest Proposal” is generally taken as a perfect model. 16. Henry Fielding is regarded as “father of the English Novel”. He was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “comic epic in prose”, the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. 17. Samuel Johnson, as a lexicographer, distinguished himself as the author of the first English dictionary by an Englishman –A Dictionary of the English Language. 18. Richard Brinsley Sheridan is the only important English dramatist of the eighteenth century. His plays, especially the Rivals and the School for Scandal, are generally regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw, and as the true classics in English comedy. 19. Thomas Gray’s masterpiece, “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard,” establishes his fame as the leader of the sentimental poetry of the day, especially “the Graveyard School.” 20. English Romanticism is generally said to have begun in 1798 with publication of