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非谓语动词语法讲解

一、非谓语动词的概念

动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。

非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done

二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）

不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。

三、非谓语动词的时态和语态

一般式完成式进行式

不定式主动to do to have done to be doing

被动to be done to have been done

ing 形式主动doing having done

被动being done having been done

过去分词被动done

四、非谓语动词的否定形式

在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即not / never to do, not / never doing

五、非谓语动词的复合结构

不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.

动词ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格＋doing)

六、非谓语动词的做题步骤

1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了

2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。

3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。

4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.

学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。

一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较

1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语

a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如：

________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.

A. The walk

B. Walking

C. To walk

D. Walk

(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选 B

b. 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.

It’s important for us to learn English well.

It’s kind of you to help us.

注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：

It’s no good / use doing sth.

It’s useless doing sth.

There is no need to do sth.

2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较

1、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。如：

My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的内容)

Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do.（主表语要用同一种形式）

2、分词作表语

记住：一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词：surprise (使某人吃惊)，surprising (令人吃惊)，surprised (主语)感到吃惊）类似动词有：excite (激动)，astonish (惊奇)，shock (震惊)，scare (惊恐)，disappoint (失望)，move（感动），

如：The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news.

3、在seem / appear (似乎，好像)，prove/ turn out (被证明是)，remain (仍然是，尚待)等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。如：He seemed (to be ) very happy.

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一、表格的用法 1.doing 的用法（1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认 admit 承认advocate提倡/主张consider 考虑 can't help不禁 can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白 dislike不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得 delay 延迟 deny否认 dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶 enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅 fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌 imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许 postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止 resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受

worth值得 You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her.

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