2018年高中英语(人教版 选修8)：3 section_ⅳ grammar_-_writing 含答案

Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing

过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语

一、过去分词作定语

1．过去分词作定语的位置

(1)单个的过去分词：一般情况下，单个的过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。但有时为了表示强调，也可放在所修饰词之后。

A watched pot never boils.

心急锅不开。

Money spent is more than money earned.

花的钱比挣的钱多。

(2)过去分词短语：过去分词短语往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后。

This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.

这本小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。

This is the soldier wounded in the battle.

这就是在战场上受伤的战士。

2．过去分词作定语时扩展成句

作后置定语的过去分词往往可以扩展成相应的定语从句。

The suggestion (which had been) sent to the committee was adopted.

呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。

3．过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义

(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，且该动作已完成。

the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题

the person killed last year 去年被杀的人

(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语时仅表示完成。

fallen leaves 落叶 faded flowers 凋谢的花

[考题印证]1

①(陕西高考改编)The witnesses questioned (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.

②(湖南高考改编)You cannot accept an opinion offered (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.

③(天津高考改编)In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words used (use) in daily conversations.

二、过去分词作表语

过去分词作表语，通常表示主语所处的状态，这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词，是形容词化的过去分词。常见的有seated, surprised, astonished, amazed, moved, exhausted, worried, devoted, pleased, inspired, encouraged, excited, delighted, satisfied, scared, frightened, disappointed等。

I am pleased with the result of the experiment.

我对试验结果很满意。

[点津] 过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。

The cup is broken.杯子破了。(强调杯子的状态)

The cup was broken by Jim.杯子是吉姆打破的。(强调动作)

[考题印证]2

①(新课标全国卷Ⅱ)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed (disappoint)．

②(广东高考)We got a little sunburnt/sunburned (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.

③(福建高考改编) In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained stuck (stick) abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.

三、过去分词作宾语补足语

能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。在下面结构中常用过去分词作补语。

(1)在感官动词(see, hear, notice, watch等)和表示心理状态的动词(feel, find等)后。

She was glad to see her children well taken care of in the nursery.

看到她的孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照顾，她很高兴。

(2)使役动词(keep, make, help, get, have等)后。

If you want to make yourself respected, you are above all to respect others.

如果你想让自己被尊重，你必须首先尊重别人。

(3)like, want, wish, order等表示“希望；要求”等意义的动词后。

He wanted his eggs fried.

他愿意吃煎鸡蛋。

(4)with的复合结构中。

He sat there, with his hands tied behind.

他手被捆在后面坐在那里。

[考题印证]3

(北京高考改编)When we saw the road blocked (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.

Ⅰ.用动词的适当形式填空

1．China is a developing(develop) country and America is a developed (develop) country.

2．Look, the falling (fall) leaves are all yellow. Lots of fallen (fall) leaves make the road yellow.

3．We were satisfied (satisfy) with the result.

4．What is the language spoken (speak) in Japan?

5．I heard someone calling (call) me when I came in.

6．I heard my name called (call) when I came in.

Ⅱ.完成句子

1．The message conveyed (传递的) here is clear：“Actions speak louder than words.”

2．Amazed at how skillful they were, I was_determined_to (决心) be just

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