初升高英语衔接班第5讲
【同步教育信息】
一. 本周教学内容：
初升高英语衔接班第5讲
倒装结构与插入语
二. 重、难点：
A. 倒装结构
对于倒装结构我们在初中已经接触到了一些，它们比较简单，也不太系统。到了高中之后我们会较为系统地学习这一结构，它也会更经常地出现在我们的日常学习中，在考试中也会变成要考核的一项内容。
（一）概说
在英语句子的语序方面，主语在前谓语动词在后的句子是最基本的结构。如果把谓语动词放在主语之前，就叫做倒装结构。这种结构可分为全部倒装和局部倒装两种。前者指整个谓语动词部分放在主语之前；后者指助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。
如：
In came the teacher and the class began . 老师走了进来，然后开始上课。（全部倒装）Here comes the bus . 公共汽车来了。（全部倒装）
Did you see Mary yesterday ? 你昨天看见玛丽了吗？（局部倒装）
Have you done your homework ? 你做完作业了吗？（局部倒装）
（二）倒装结构的基本用法
根据语法、修辞的需要，倒装结构通常用于下列场合：
1. 用于疑问句：
如：
Are you in Class Three ? 你在三班吗？
Did you see the film yesterday ? 你昨天看电影了吗？
Can you speak English ? 你会说英语吗？
Where have you been ? 你到哪儿去了？
2. 用于以there或here开头的以名词为主语的句子。
如：
There are some foreign students in our school . 我们学校里有一些外国学生。
There is a map of China on the wall . 墙上有一张中国地图。
There seemed to be no problem . 好像没有什么问题。
There used to be a factory on that corner . 拐角处有过一个工厂。
In this village there lived an old man over ninety .
有个九十多岁的老人曾在这个小村子里住过。
Here comes the professor ! 教授来了！
Here is a letter for you . 这是你的信。
There goes the bell . 铃响了。
There is the boat . 小船在那儿。
注意：以代词为主语时，不用全倒装结构。例如：
Here she comes . 她来了。Here it is . 它在这儿。
3. 用于强调句首否定词语的句子。
这些词语是：never，hardly，seldom，scarcely，little，barely，not only，neither，nor，not until等。
如：
Never have I read such an interesting book . 我从来没有读过这么有意思的书。
Little does she know what may happen . 她一点也不知道可能会发生什么。
Hardly could I believe it（to be）true . 我简直不相信这是真的。
No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain heavily .
我刚到家，就下起大雨来了。
Not only was Einstein a world-famous scientist , but also a fairly good violinist .
爱因斯坦不仅是世界闻名的科学家，而且还是一个相当不错的小提琴家。
Not until after the war did he return home . 直到战争结束，他才回家。
4. 用于以副词only开头的句子（only后面多为状语），如：
Only this morning did I hear the sad news . 我今天早上才听到这个不幸的消息。
Only after liberation was he able to go to school . 他解放后才能上学。
Only after several months did I see the results of my work .
过了几个月，我才看到工作的结果。
Only in this way can you learn English well . 只有这样，你才能学好英语。
5. 用于以副词so，neither，nor开头的句子。
（1）so用于肯定句，代替上文中的形容词、名词或动词，通常指前面所说的肯定情况也适用于其他人（或物）
so+be（do，have，其他助动词或情态动词）+主语
如：
I can speak English . So can my brother . 我会说英语，我弟弟也会。
They went to the Summer Palace last Sunday . So did we .
他们上星期日到颐和园去了。我们也去了。
He has been to the Great Wall . So have I . 他去过长城。我也去过。
She enjoys teaching English . So does my sister . 她喜欢教英语。我姐姐也喜欢。
You say he works hard ; so he does , and so do you .
你说他很努力，对，他确实很努力，你也一样。
注意此句中的“… so he does，…”，如果主语在前，助动词等在后，则表示赞同前人观点，译为“……确实如此，确实是这样”，这与主语在后面的结构含义不同，请大家留意。
另外，在so … that …结构中，如果so在句首，通常也用倒装结构。
如：
So easy is it that a boy can learn it . 那很容易，小孩子都能学。
So rapidly did he speak that we could hardly understand him clearly .
他说得太快，我们简直听不清楚。
（2）neither，nor用于否定句，通常指前面所说的否定情况也适用于其他人（或物）：Neither（not）+be（do，have，其他助动词或情态动词）+主语。
如：
I don’t know where he lives . Neither does she . 我不知道他住在哪儿。她也不知道。
I don’t know the difference between these two sentences . Nor do they .
我不知道这两个句子的区别，他们也不知道。
I didn’t write my composition yesterday evening . Neither did Wei Fang .
我昨天晚上没有写作文。魏芳也没写。
The students were not in the classroom . Nor was the teacher .
学生们不在教室里。老师也不在。
6. 用于以表示处所、声音等义的副词开头的句子。用表示运动的不及物动词（如go，come，rush，fly等）作谓语时，为了表达生动，可将某些副词放在句首，谓语动词放在主语之前，形成倒装结构。
如：
Away flew the birds . 鸟飞了。
Out went the children . 孩子们出去了。
Down came the rain . 下起大雨来了。
The door burst open and in rushed a stranger . 门突然开了，一个陌生人冲了进来。
7. 用于某些以地点状语开头的句子。
如：
Under the big tree was sitting an old farmer . 在那棵大树底下坐着一个老农夫。
Outside the classroom stood a boy . 教室外面站着一个男孩。
Behind the farmhouse was a rice field . 农舍后面是一片稻田。
At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake . 小山脚下有一个美丽的小湖。
8. 在直接引语后注明引语是什么人所说的句子里，主语是名词时，常用倒装结构；主语是代词时，往往不用倒装结构。
如：
“ You all did well in the exam , ” said the teacher .
“你们大家的考试成绩都很好。”老师说。
“ How is your mother ? ” asked her friend .
“你母亲近况如何？”她的朋友问道。
“ Nonsense ! ” shouted the man . “胡说！”那个人喊道。
“ Whom are you looking for ? ” she asked .
“你找谁？”她问道。
“ Yes , I am a new student . ” he answered . “对，我是新生。”他回答说。
9. 如果主语过长或强调表语或状语时，也可以用倒装结构。
如：
On the blackboard were the words written in English : “ Welcome to our class ! ”
有人在黑板上用英文写道：“欢迎到我们班上来。”
Present at the meeting were the school headmaster , the English teacher , and the students’ parents .
出席会议的有校长，英语老师和学生们的家长。
B. 插入语：
（一）概说
英语句子中有时可以插入一个与全句句义无直接关系的附加部分，这种附加部分叫做插入语。如插入语位于句子中间，其前后一般可用逗号隔开。常用插入语有I think（我想），I am afraid（恐怕），you know（你也知道，你是知道的），it seems to me（我觉得），it is said（据说），to tell the truth（老实说），as far as I know（据我所知），for example（例如），
in fact（实际上），to one’s surprise（使……惊奇的是）等。
如：
He is , I think , the best student in the class .
我认为，他是班上最好的学生。
To tell the truth , I don’t believe in him mys elf .
说实话，我自己也不信任他。
In fact , his English in one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter praising for it .
事实上，其中一篇文章的英文非常好，思格斯为此而写信赞扬他。
The great painter , it is said , is sometimes very careless about his appearance .
据说，那位大画家有时不修边幅。
The conclusion . I’m afraid , is not true . 这个结论恐怕是不正确的。
（二）疑问句中的插入语
如果疑问句中带有插入语，可使原句的主要部分变成从句，因而用陈述句的语序。
如：
What did he think we should do to get rid of the flies ?
他认为我们应该怎样消灭这些苍蝇呢？
（试比较：What should we do to get rid of the flies ?）
When do you think he will be back ? 你认为他什么时候回来？
（试比较：When will he be back ?）
How long did she say she would stay here ? 她说她要在这儿待多久？
（试比较：How long would she stay here ?）
【模拟试题】
综合练习（一）
1. At head of the queue was old woman .
A. a , an
B. the , an
C. the , the
D. a , an
2. I am thirsty . I want to buy .
A. two bottles of oranges
B. two bottles of orange
C. two bottle of oranges
D. two bottle of orange
3. Now children , turn to page and look at the picture in Lesson Two .
A. twentieth , one
B. twenty , one
C. twentieth , first
D. twenty , first
4. There are twenty teachers in this grade . Eight of them are women teachers and are men teachers .
A. the other
B. the others
C. others
D. other
5. He can’t come to the party this evening because he has to do .
A. important something
B. anything important
C. important anything
D. something important
6. —Does Mary work carefully ?
—Yes , I think she works in our class .
A. much carefully
B. more carefully
C. most carefully
D. much more carefully
7. I lost my way a rainy night and my mother was quite worried me .
A. on , with
B. on , about
C. at , with
D. at , about
8. Saturday Sunday is OK . I will be free in these two days .
A. Either , or
B. Neither , nor
C. Both , and
D. One , the other
9. —I can’t find my key . Have you seen it anywhere ?
—It in your handbag , I think .
A. may be
B. can be
C. may
D. must
10. Yesterday morning I got up early be late for the exam .
A. in order to
B. in order to not
C. so as not to
D. so as to
11. If you don’t feel well , you may just .
A. stopped reading
B. stop reading
C. stopped to read
D. stop to read
12. My dictionary . I have looked for it everywhere but still it .
A. had lost , don’t find
B. is missing , don’t find
C. has lost , haven’t found
D. is missing , haven’t found
13. —I’m sorry I my homework at home .
—That’s all right . Don’t forget it to school this afternoon .
A. forget , to take
B. forget , to bring
C. left , to take
D. left , to bring
14. The new computers to the village school as presents last month .
A. are given
B. given
C. were given
D. gave
15. —How long can I the books ?
—Two weeks .
A. borrow
B. lend
C. get
D. keep
16. Ted , the radio is too loud . Please .
A. turn it over
B. turn it on
C. turn it back
D. turn it down
17. —She didn’t come to school yesterday , did she ?
—, though she was not feeling very well .
A. No , she didn’t
B. Yes , she was
C. No , she wasn’t
D. Yes , she did
18. Everyone except Tom and John there when the meeting began .
A. are
B. is
C. was
D. were
19. wonderful music it is ! I like Bethoven’s better than anybody’s .
A. What
B. How a
C. What a
D. How
20. —Do you know we will arrive at your hometown ?
—This afternoon .
A. when
B. why
C. if
D. where
21. I asked him at home go to the cinema that night .
A. whether he would stay , or
B. if he will stay , or
C. that he would stay , and
D. whether he would stay , and
22. —Excuse me . How far is from here to the museum ?
—Quite near , only a few minutes’ walk .
A. this
B. /
C. that
D. it
23. This is the shop sells children’s clothing .
A. where
B. who
C. the one
D. which
24. When was the PRC founded ? It was founded on .
A. July 1 , 1921
B. October 1 , 1949
C. August 1 , 1927
D. May 1 , 1922
综合练习（二）
1. —What’s the matter with you ?
—I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed .
A. a , /
B. a , the
C. a , a
D. the , the
2. Don’t worry about making when you speak English .
A. clothes
B. mistakes
C. friends
D. things
3. —Is very difficult ?
—Not at all .
A. the Lesson Twentieth
B. Twentieth lesson
C. the twentieth lesson
D. lesson of twenty
4. All the boys were very tired , but of them would take a rest .
A. all
B. neither
C. any
D. none
5. —did the meeting last ?
—About half an hour .
A. How soon
B. How long
C. How far
D. How much
6. I was feeling tired last night , so I went to bed than usual .
A. early
B. earlier
C. late
D. later
7. I was born April 20 , 1985 the north China .
A. in , in , of
B. on , in , of
C. in , on , of
D. on , on , in
8. —We’d better not talk about it Mary leaves .
—Why not ask her to join us ?
A. after
B. until
C. if
D. though
9. —Where’s Mr. Lee ? I have something unusual to tell him .
—You find him . He Japan .
A. may not , has gone to
B. may not , has been to
C. can’t , has gone to
D. can’t , has been to
10. —How can I improve my spoken English ?
—You have to practise as much as you can .
A. speak
B. speaking
C. spoken
D. to speak
11. —Could you give me a hand , please ?
—Sure . What would you like me ?
A. do
B. to do
C. doing
D. does
12. —When this kind of computer ?
—Last year .
A. did , use
B. was , used
C. is , used
D. are , used
13. —All the family skating except the twins .
—That’s true . Both of them singing , but neither of them good at it .
A. enjoy , prefer , are
B. enjoys , prefer , is
C. enjoys , prefer , are
D. enjoy , prefer , is
14. It’s getting warmer and warmer . The flowers start to .
A. come in
B. come over
C. come out
D. come on
15. Linda often her homework in the evening , but this evening she TV .
A. does , watches
B. is doing , is watching
C. does , is watching
D. is doing , watches
16. He could hardly say a word after the game , he ?
A. did
B. didn’t
C. could
D. couldn’t
17. That place is not interesting at all . of us wants to go there .
A. Neither
B. Both
C. All
D. Some
18. The war was over about three months ago , the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with .
A. or
B. and
C. but
D. so
19. —Excuse me , would you please tell me ?
—Certainly . Go straight along here . It’s next to a hospital .
A. how we can get to the post office
B. how can we get go to the post office
C. how get to the post office
D. how could we get to the post office
20. —When will you tell him the good news ?
—I will tell him about it as soon as he back .
A. comes
B. came
C. will come
D. is coming
21. —More and more people think necessary to let the students teach themselves .
—That’s true . They can improve themselves in this way .
A. it has
B. it
C. that
D. is does
22. Do you know Mrs. Jackson daughter is a famous poet ?
A. that her
B. whose
C. who
D. of whom
23. —I’m sorry I’ve broken your glasses .
—.
A. It’s OK
B. Don’t be sorry
C. You are welcome
D. That’s nothing
24. The population of France is than Canada .
A. more , /
B. more , that of
C. larger , /
D. larger , that of
【试题答案】
综合练习（一）
1. B
2. B
3. D
4. B
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. A
9. A 10. C
11. B 12. D 13. D 14. C 15. D 16. D 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. A
21. A 22. D 23. D 24. B
综合练习（二）
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. B
6. B
7. B
8. B
9. C 10. B
11. B 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. C 16. C 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. A
21. B 22. B 23. D 24. D
【试题分析】
综合练习（一）
7. 选择B。此题考查两个语法点，第一个是在具体的一天或一天的上午、下午、晚上，用介词on，因此第一个空为on；第二个考查worry about sb.（担心某人）这一短语，综合来看应选B。
10. 选择C。此题考查不定式的用法。不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它在此句中充当的是目的状语，这时to do前面可加上in order和so as，从而构成in order to do和so as to do的结构，而由句意知道应为“早起为了不迟到”，是不定式的否定式，应在to do前加not，因此选择C答案。
18. 选择C。在下列几个结构中应由“A”决定谓语的单、复数：
（1）A with B，（2）A together with B，（3）A except B，（4）A as well as B，所以这句话由Everyone作主语应该用单数的谓语动词，又因为后面从句用的是过去时，因此选C 答案。
综合练习（二）
13. 选择D。此题考查主谓一致。family是集合名词，当指其中成员时，视为复数，所以第一个空用enjoy；both作主语时，谓语动词用复数；neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
24. 选择D。考查“人口”一词的用法，指人口多用large形容，人口少用small修饰，在比较的时候第二次提到比较对象用that / those来代替，复数名词用those，其余情况用that，“人口”（population）为不可数名词，因此用that来代，选D答案。
【励志故事】
机会喜欢谁？
A，在合资公司做白领，觉得自己满腔抱负没有得到上级的赏识，经常想：如果有一天能见到老总，有机会展示一下自己的才干就好了！！
A的同事B，也有同样的想法，他更进一步，去打听老总上下班的时间，算好他大概会在何时进电梯，他也在这个时候去坐电梯，希望能遇到老总，有机会可以打个招呼。
他们的同事C更进一步。他详细了解老总的奋斗历程，弄清老总毕业的学校，人际交往的风格，关心的问题，精心设计了几句简单却有份量的开场白，在算好的时间去乘坐电梯，跟老总打过几次招呼后，终于有一天跟老总长谈了一次，不久就争取到了更好的职位。
愚者错失机会，智者善抓机会，成功者创造机会。机会只给准备好的人，这准备二字，并非说说而已。
初升高衔接知识
初中升高中衔接并不难 刚刚结束完中考的学生如今又该为新学期的到来忙碌了。初中升高中不仅是人生的一大转折，在学业上也有很大的变化。处在这一阶段的学生在学习进度、方法、习惯、心态等方面都要有一个逐渐适应的过程，如何做好初中升高中的衔接工作，成为当前一些学生和家长十分关注的问题。 昨日记者在采访时发现，许多家长为使孩子新学期尽快进入状态，除了为孩子准备学费、打点入学前的行装外，还为孩子选报预科班、找家教，有的家长甚至带孩子咨询心理医生，以期调整心态。 对此，市五中副校长李桂琴分析说，与初中相比，高中阶段学生所学知识的深度和广度发生变化，初中的知识相对浅显，重视知识的结果，而高中更重视知识内在联系和其形成过程，要求学生在理解记忆的基础上掌握知识的来龙去脉，对所学知识要融会贯通，对学生的抽象思维及逻辑思维都有较高的要求，所以，在从初中到高中的衔接工作中，提高学生自学能力和思维能力较为关键。 为此，李校长认为，高一新生应注重学习兴趣的培养，有明确的学习动机、目的和目标，要端正学习态度，逐步培养良好的学习习惯，对所学知识要进行系统复习，理清知识之间的内在联系。笔记、试卷、作业、小结要注意分类保存，尤其是对其中的重点、难点、易错点要反复思考和练习。对学习中遇到的问题不要轻易放过，要结合所学知识进行多方位、多角度思考和推敲。同时，学生在学习过程中必须保持不急不躁的平稳心态，按照学习计划稳步学习。其次，要正确对待学习成绩的起伏，不少初中成绩优秀的学生因为不适应高中的教学，找不到适合自己的学习方法而在学习上失去优势，从而一蹶不振，因此，学生应及时调整自己心态，不要盲目把自己定位在只能胜不能败上。同时，学生还应注意培养“临阵不乱”的良好心理素质。只要牢牢把握以上几个方面，就能很快适应高中生活。 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c92177566.html,.c
初升高衔接教材
中学初高中数学衔接教材 目 录 引 入 乘法公式 第一讲 因式分解 1. 1 提取公因式 1. 2. 公式法（平方差，完全平方，立方和，立方差） 1. 3分组分解法 1. 4十字相乘法（重、难点） 1. 5关于x 的二次三项式ax2+bx+c(a≠0)的因式分解． 第二讲 函数与方程 一元二次方程 根的判别式 根与系数的关系（韦达定理） 2．2 二次函数 二次函数y ＝ax 2＋bx ＋c 的图象和性质 二次函数的三种表示方式 二次函数的简单应用 第三讲 三角形的“四心” 乘法公式 我们在初中已经学习过了下列一些乘法公式： （1）平方差公式 22()()a b a b a b +-=-； （2）完全平方公式 222()2a b a ab b ±=±+． 我们还可以通过证明得到下列一些乘法公式： （1）立方和公式 2233()()a b a ab b a b +-+=+； （2）立方差公式 2233()()a b a ab b a b -++=-； （3）三数和平方公式 2222()2()a b c a b c ab bc ac ++=+++++； （4）两数和立方公式 33223()33a b a a b ab b +=+++； （5）两数差立方公式 33223()33a b a a b ab b -=-+-． 对上面列出的五个公式，有兴趣的同学可以自己去证明． 例1 计算：22(1)(1)(1)(1)x x x x x x +--+++．
解法一：原式=2222(1)(1)x x x ??-+-?? =242(1)(1)x x x -++ =61x -． 解法二：原式=22(1)(1)(1)(1)x x x x x x +-+-++ =33(1)(1)x x +- =61x -． 例2 已知4a b c ++=，4ab bc ac ++=，求222a b c ++的值． 解： 2222()2()8a b c a b c ab bc ac ++=++-++=． 练 习 1．填空： （1） 221111()9423 a b b a -=+（ ）； （2）(4m + 22)164(m m =++ )； (3 ) 2222(2)4(a b c a b c +-=+++ )． 2．选择题： （1）若2 12 x mx k ++是一个完全平方式，则k 等于 （ ） （A ）2m （B ）214m （C ）213 m （D ）2116m （2）不论a ，b 为何实数，22248a b a b +--+的值 （ ） （A ）总是正数 （B ）总是负数 （C ）可以是零 （D ）可以是正数也可以是负数 第一讲 因式分解 因式分解的主要方法有：十字相乘法、提取公因式法、公式法、分组分解法， 另外还应了解求根法及待定系数法． 1．十字相乘法 例1 分解因式： （1）x 2－3x ＋2； （2）x 2＋4x －12； （3）22()x a b xy aby -++； （4）1xy x y -+-． 解：（1）如图1．1－1，将二次项x 2分解成图中的两个x 的积，再将常数项 2分解成－1与－2的乘积，而图中的对角线上的两个数乘积的和为－3x ，就是 x 2－3x ＋2中的一次项，所以，有
初升高衔接班英语试卷试题包括答案解析.docx
WORD 格式整理 初升高衔接班英语摸底试卷2016.07 一、单项选择题（15 分） ( ) 1. In order to find___ better job, she planned to learn ___ second foreign language. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the ( ) 2. You don’t know ____ I want to see you again. It’s a year since I last saw you. A. how soon B. how long C. how often D. how much ( ) 3.—Your brother often disagrees with you, ______ he? — ___. We often have different ideas. A. does; Yes B. doesn ’t; Yes C. does; No doesn ’t; No ( ) 4.—__________ it be Xiao Wang? — No, it _________ be him. He has gone to Beijing. A. Must; can’t B. Can; may not C. May; mustn’t can ’t () 5. She was so angry at _______ he was doing _______ she walked out without a word. A. what; that B. that; what C. that; that what () 6. _______good time we have __________in Hong Kong! A. What a; played B. How; played C. What a; playing playing () 7. Daniel plays chess _________, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well () 8. _______ of them felt tired but quite happy after ________ sports meeting. A. Everyone; a two days B. no one; the two days C. Every one; the two-day D. None; a two-day () 9. These books______ well, and they will ______ soon. A. sell; sell out B. are sold; sell out C. sell; be sold out D. are sold; sold out ( )10. — I don ’ t know when Mr. White ______here.Would you please call — Sure. D. D.Can; D.what; D.How; D. so well as me when he _____. A. arrives, arrives B. will arrive, arrives C. arrives, will arrive D. will arrive, will arrive
初升高英语衔接教材讲义系列_专题3.9 非谓语动词(解析版)
非谓语动词跟踪练习 再战初中考点---夯实基础 1.(2018·江苏淮安）15. He explained again and again in order to make what he did ________. A. understand B. understood C. to understand D. understanding 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他反复解释，为的是让人理解他的所作所为。动词make后跟过去分词作宾语补足语，意为“使……被……”，宾语部分what he did和过去分词存在被动关系。 2. (2018. 贵州铜仁) —Listen! Who is singing in the next room? ——It must be Sally. I often hear her ________ there. A. singing B. sings C. to s ing D. sing 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：——听，水正在隔壁唱歌？——一定是萨利。我经常听见她在哪里唱歌。hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事，强调经常做或是做某事的过程；hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事，强调动作正在发生。 3.（2018·广西柳州）Look. Sam is doing some _____ in the library. A.to read B.reading C.read 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词组。句意：看，,Sam 正在图书馆读书。考查短语do some reading。 4. （2018·黑龙江绥化）Wo uld you mind ______ down the music? It’s too noisy. A. to turn B. turning C. turn 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词非谓语形式。句意：你介意关掉音乐吗？太吵了。考查短语mind doing sth。5．（2018·新疆阜康米泉）He often takes time_________ summer holiday with his grandparents. A. to spend B. spend C. spent D. spending 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他经常花时间和他的祖父母一起度过暑假。take time to do sth.“花费时间做某事”。to do表示目的。
初升高英语衔接班第2讲
一. 本周教学内容 初升高英语衔接班第2讲 初中基础知识疏理（2） 二. 重、难点 有关简单句、复合句及并列句的知识疏理： 1. 简单句： （1）定义：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫简单句，如：We learn English . 我们学英语。（一个主语和一个谓语） Both Xiao Zhang and Xiao Wang are from Beijing . 小张和小王都是北京人。（一个并列主语和一个谓语） He once lived and worked here . 他曾经在这里居住和工作过。（一个主语和一个并列谓语） My father and mother go to work at seven in the morning and come back home at eight in the evening . 我父母早上七点上班，晚上八点回家。（一个并列主语和一个并列谓语） （2）分类：上次我们对简单句按照句子基本结构分出的5种类型做了阐述；另外，根据句子的功能或使用目的，简单句可分四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。 2. 并列句： （1）定义：用并列连接词连接起来的两个或两个以上简单句叫做并列句。 （2）并列句的构成：简单句+连接词+简单句 （3）连接并列句常用的连接词：and , but , or , so , not only … but also , however , neither…nor , either…or , still等。 eg. I help her and she helps me . 我帮她，她帮我。 He is very old but he is in good health . 他年纪很大了，但他身体很好。 We must hurry or we’ll be late . 我们得赶快走，不然就晚了。 This girl did her work carefully , so she never made any mistakes . 这个姑娘工作认真，从不出差错。 Jim not only wrote to me last week but also came to see me yesterday . 吉姆上星期不但写信给我，而且昨天还来看过我。 Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory . 理论没有实践不行，实践没有理论也不行。 Either he is to blame or I am . 不是他该受责备，就是我该受责备。 注意：连接词so除起连接并列句作用外，兼有结果意味；有时so在后一句中代替前一句中某一句中成分。例如： He can swim , so can I . 他会游泳，我也会。（so代替swim） Iron is a kind of matter , so are water and air . 铁是一种物质，水和空气也是物质。（so在后一句中起表语作用） 3. 主从复合句 （1）定义：主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是句子的主体，从句可视作句子的一个成分。从句在主从复合句中可起主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语作用。从句在全句中起什么作用，就叫什么从句。 （2）状语从句：状语从句在句中起状语作用，修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词。
初升高数学衔接测试题(学生版)
初升高数学衔接班测试题 （满分：100分，时间：120分钟） 姓名___________ 成绩_____________________________ 一.选择题（每小题3分） 1. 若2x25x 2 0，贝卩.4x24x 1 2x 2 等于（） A.4x 5 B. 3 C. 3 D.5 4x 2. 已知关于x不等式2x2+ bx—c>0的解集为x|x 1或x 3｝，则关 于x的不等式bx2 cx 4 0的解集为（） A. x | x2或x -} B. x| x —或x 2} 22 C.{x| -x2} 1 D. x | 2 x } 22 3.化简12的结果为（) 2 1 3 1 A、■ 3.2 B 、 3 、2 C 、 2 2 3 D 、 3 2、2 4.若O v a v 1,则不等式（x—a）（x—丄）v0的解为（） a xl 1
C. x | x a 或 x 1 a ； D. x | x 1 或 x a a 5.方程 x 2—4 x +3=0的解是() =±1 或 x=± 3 =1 和 x=3 = —1 或 x= — 3 D. 无实数 根 6.已知(a b)2 7 ,(a b)2 3,则 a 2 b 2与ab 的值分别是( ) A. 4,1 B. 2, 3 C. 2 5,1 D. 10,2 2 7.已知y 2x 2的图像时抛物线，若抛物线不动，把 X 轴，Y 轴分别向 大值1； 大值. 上, 向右平移 2个单位，那么在新坐标系下抛物线的解析式是 A. y 2(x 2)2 B. 2(x 2)2 2 C. y 2(x 2)2 D. 2(x 2 2)2 2 8.已知 2x 2 3x 0，则函数f(x) x 2 A.有最小值4 但无最大值; B. 有最小值寸，有最 C.有最小值1 ，有最大值 19 ； D. 无最小值，也无最
2019年秋初升高衔接班英语试卷和答案
初升高衔接班英语摸底试卷 一、单项选择题（15分） ( ) 1. In order to find ___ better job, she planned to learn ___ second foreign language. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the ( ) 2. You don’t know ____ I want to see you again. It’s a year since I last saw yo u. A. how soon B. how long C. how often D. how much ( ) 3. —Your brother often disagrees with you, ______ he? —___. We often have different ideas. A. does; Yes B. doesn’t; Yes C. does; No D. doesn’t; No ( ) 4. —__________ it be Xiao Wang? —No, it _________ be him. He has gone to Beijing. A. Must; can’t B. Can; may not C. May; mustn’t D. Can; can’t ( ) 5. She was so angry at _______ he was doing _______ she walked out without a word. A. what; that B. that; what C. that; that D. what; what ( ) 6. _______good time we have __________in Hong Kong! A. What a; played B. How; played C. What a; playing D. How; playing ( ) 7. Daniel plays chess _________, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as ( ) 8. _______ of them felt tired but quite happy after ________ sports meeting. A. Everyone; a two days B. no one; the two days C. Every one; the two-day D. None; a two-day ( ) 9. These books______ well, and they will ______ soon. A. sell; sell out B. are sold; sell out C. sell; be sold out D. are sold; sold out ( ) 10. —I don’t know when Mr. White ______here. Would you p lease call me when he _____. —Sure. A. arrives, arrives B. will arrive, arrives C. arrives, will arrive D. will arrive, will arrive ( ) 11.—Excuse me, could you tell me ___________? —Sorry, I don’t know. I’m new here, too. A. when the shopping mall opens B. where is the post office C. why the ballet dancer had lived here D. how do you celebrate Christmas ( ) 12.—Allen, your bedroom is in a mess(混乱). —Sorry, I’ll ________ my things at on ce. A. put off B. put out C. put away D. put up ( ) 13. Half of the class______ done most of the work. The left______ rather difficult. A. have, is B. has, is C. have, are D. has, are ( ) 14. —The food your father cooks _________very delicious. —Thanks. I’m glad that you like it. A. is tasted B. tastes C. is being tasted D. to taste ( ) 15.—Excuse me, sir. Is the swimming pool open all day? —_________. Only from 6.30 p.m. to 9.30 p.m. A. Sorry, I’m afraid not B. That’s right C. Sorry, I’m not sure D. Yes, of course
初升高衔接班考试题(答案)
初升高衔接班考试题 考生姓名___________ 考试得分___________ 一、选择题(每小题5分,共50分) 1.不等式31<+x 的解为(C) .A 2
10.已知z y x ,,为非零实数,代数式xyz xyz z z y y x x +++的值所组成的集合是,M 则下列 判断正确的是(D) .A M ?0 .B M ∈2 .C M ?-4 .D M ∈4 二、填空题(每小题5分,共25分) 11.若),0(012722≠=+-y y xy x 则 y x x +的值为(5 443或) 12.等腰ABC ?中AB BC ,8,=和AC 的长是关于x 的方程0102=+-m x x 的两根,则m 的值为(2516或) 13.对任意实数,x 都有012>++ax ax 恒成立,则实数a 的取值范围是(40<≤a ) 14.下列关系中正确的是(②) ①}{;0∈φ②}{;0≠ ?φ③}{}{;)1,0(1,0?④}{}{.),(),(a b b a = 15.函数2,1x x +中最大函数的最小值为(2 5 1-) 三、解答题(共75分) 16.(本小题满分12分)设,0,0=++≠c b a abc 求)11()11()11(b a c c a b c b a +++++的值 .(3-) 17.(本小题满分12分)解方程组.12 521???? ?=-=-++y x y x (???==315 y x ) 18.(本小题满分12分)设y x ,是关于m 的方程0622=++-a am m 的两个实根,求 22)1()1(-+-y x 的最小值.(8) 19.(本小题满分12分)已知集合}{,4,433,2-22-+-+=x x x x M 若,2M ∈求 .x (23或-) 20.(本小题满分13分)设三个实数a 、b 、c 满足,1,4 2-=++= c b a ac b 求b 的范围.
初升高数学衔接教材(完整)
第一讲数与式 1、绝对值 （1）绝对值的代数意义：正数的绝对值是它的本身，负数的绝对值是它的相反数，零的绝对值仍是零．即 a,a0, | a | 0,a0, a, a0. （2）绝对值的几何意义：一个数的绝对值，是数轴上表示它的点到原点的距离． （3）两个数的差的绝对值的几何意义： a b 表示在数轴上，数 a 和数b之间的距离． 2、绝对值不等式的解法 （1）含有绝对值的不等式 ① f (x) a(a 0) ,去掉绝对值后，保留其等价性的不等式是 a f ( x) a 。 ② f (x) a(a 0) ,去掉绝对值后，保留其等价性的不等式是 f (x) a或 f ( x) a 。 ③ f (x) g ( x) f 2 ( x)g 2 (x) 。 （2）利用零点分段法解含多绝对值不等式： ①找到使多个绝对值等于零的点． ②分区间讨论，去掉绝对值而解不等式．一般地n 个零点把数轴分为n＋1段进行讨论． ③将分段求得解集，再求它们的并集． 例 1.求不等式3x 5 4 的解集 例 2. 求不等式2x 1 5的解集 例 3. 求不等式x 3 x 2 的解集 例 4. 求不等式 | x＋ 2| ＋ | x－ 1| ＞ 3 的解集．
例 5. 解不等式 | x－ 1| ＋ |2 －x| ＞ 3－x． 例 6. 已知关于x 的不等式| x－5|＋| x－3|＜ a 有解，求 a 的取值范围． 练习 解下列含有绝对值的不等式： （1）x 1 x 3 ＞4+x （2） | x+1|<| x－2| （3） | x－ 1|+|2 x+1|<4 （4）3x 2 7 (5)5x 7 8 3、因式分解 乘法公式 （ 1）平方差公式( a b)( a b)a2b2 （ 2）完全平方公式( a b) 2a22ab b2 （ 3）立方和公式( a b)(a2ab b2 )a3b3 （ 4）立方差公式( a b)(a2ab b2 )a3b3 （ 5）三数和平方公式( a b c)2a2b2c22(ab bc ac) 33223
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