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为什么英语文体学的学习有助于英语学习

为什么英语文体学的学习有助于英语学习
为什么英语文体学的学习有助于英语学习

为什么英语文体学的学习有助于英语文体学研究语言使用的规律,即语音、词汇和语法在具体语境中是如何运用的。这无疑对于外语教学具有特别重要的意义。中国外语界最早注意到这一点并积极倡导开设文体学课的当数王佐良先生。关于英语文体学的文体、风格研究对英语学习所起到的作用,他曾提出三个方面的好处。第一,在全部文体、风格的研究中,最经常也是最重要的活动是比较和选择,比较各种近似的表达手段,观察它们之间的细微差别,根据要表达的思想感情来决定何者最为适合,最为有效,在这样的过程里我们不仅会变得更加精细、准确,而且会更加注意形式与内容的统一。第二,既然从使用和实效出发,文体、风格的研究要求我们注意英语的现状,远过于英语的过去,这样我们就会更加熟悉现代英语里各种通常的表达手段。第三,文体、风格成分复杂,包含了语音、词汇、语法以至心理、政治、社会等各方面的因素,一个研究者必须对它们作综合的考虑,而且还要从局部(一词一句)进到全体(一段一篇),又从全体回到局部,检验并深化对局部的了解,因此既要具体,又要全面,既要掌握语言事实,要体会感情色彩和全盘的情调气氛。王先生的观点对于大学英语教学是非常有借鉴意义的。下面谈谈把文体学知识融入大学英语教学的积极作用。首先,将英语文体学的文体、风格研融入大学英语教学可以使学生更精细、更准确地掌握英语语言特征。在传统大学英语教学中,只要求学生掌握现成的语言现象和语言知识,以教师传授,

学生记忆为主,学生很少参与到思考和分析语言现象的过程中。大学英语教学实践告诉我们:如果不对语言进行深层次的思考和分析,将无法获得语言的精髓。而文体学要求运用比较、选择等各种方法对英语篇章的文体和风格进行细致入微的研究和分析,这对于培养学生的综合英语语言素质有极大的好处,也符合语言学习的客观规律。其次,将英语文体学的文体、风格研究融入大学英语教学可以使教师和学生关注英语语言的实际使用情况。目前在大学英语教学中有这样的现象:许多学生,甚至包括一些教师,将英语语言现象局限在所学或所教的课文中,以为这就是英语”。但一旦将这些知识运用到实际生活中,就会发现课本与现实相距甚远,随即茫然不知所从。解决这个问题的最好办法莫过于将英语文体学的研究方法与大学英语教学相结合,对比不同时期英语的使用在文体、风格上的差别,对比书面语和口语之间在文体、风格上的不同之处,在课堂上将英语文体、风格的探讨贯穿到教与学的方方面面,时刻注意语言学习和现实生活相联系的问题。最后,将英语文体学的文体、风格研究融入大学英语教学可以加快英语语言文化在学习者语言体系中的深化过程。由于文化差异,母语与英语的文体、风格特色之间有很大的差别,这往往阻碍了学习者对于所学语言的理解和运用。我们知道,学习者大脑中的语言体系由于受母语语言文化的影响,当进行具体言语行为时,会体现出母语中所蕴含的鲜明的文体、风格特色,并排斥不同的文化的影响。只有当我们有意识地去对比、区分并进行

研究分析,才有可能在实际使用所学的英语时排除母语的干扰,真正体现英语的语言文化特征。

在英语教学中经常发现不少学生在实际运用语言时,虽然在用词语和语法方面没有错误,但往往就不能恰当地表达自己的思想,甚至有时语言很不得体。例如:谈生活琐事却用书卷气的大词,写正式文或翻译公文却用过分的俚俗词。学生之所以出现这些问题,主要是在我们的教学中没有更多地向学生强调语言的表达方法和效果,即文体学所强调的:在不同的场合使用适当的语言。要使言语交际达到最佳效果,除了要有一定的语言基本知识以外,还要对各种语言成分所具有的文体功能有所了解并有一定的鉴赏能力。这涉及到正确使用语言恰当使用语言的问题。所以,在我们的教学中,仅仅强调让学生使用正确的词,正确的语法和句子是不够的,因为语言的正确性是不能代替语言交际的适合性。重要的是要让学生知道如何在不同的场合、时间、地点、和不同的对象使用恰当的语言。

语言时,虽然在用词语和语法方面没有错误,但往往就不能恰当地表达自己的思想,甚至有时语言很不得体。例如:谈生活琐事却用书卷气的大词,写正式文或翻译公文却用过分的俚俗词。学生之所以出现这些问题,主要是在我们的教学中没有更多地向学生强调语言的表达方法和效果,即文体学所强调的:在不同的场合使用适当的语言。要使言语交际达到最佳效果,除了要有一定的语言基本知识以外,还要对各种语言成分所具有的文体功能有所

了解并有一定的鉴赏能力。这涉及到正确使用语言恰当使用语

言的问题。所以,在我们的教学中,仅仅强调让学生使用正确的词, 正确的语法和句子是不够的,因为语言的正确性是不能代替语言交际的适合性。重要的是要让学生知道如何在不同的场合、时间、地点、和不同的对象使用恰当的语言。

高级英语文体分析

A Brief Stylistic Analysis on “ Mohamed Elbaradei’s Nobel Lecture for 2005” 外语系09级师范二班徐仲良11号 Abstract: On October 7, 2005, ElBaradei and the IAEA were announced as joint recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize for their "efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy, for peaceful purposes, is used in the safest possible way." ElBaradei donated all of his winnings to building orphanages in Cairo. The IAEA's winnings are being spent to train scientists from developing countries to use nuclear techniques in combating cancer and malnutrition. ElBaradei is the fourth Egyptian to receive the Nobel Prize, following Anwar Sadat (1978 in Peace), Naguib Mahfouz (1988 in Literature), and Ahmed Zewail (1999 in Chemistry). In his Nobel lecture, ElBaradei said that the changing landscape of nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament may be defined by the emergence of an extensive black market in nuclear material and equipment, the proliferation of nuclear weapons and sensitive nuclear technology, and the stagnation in nuclear disarmament. To combat proliferation, ElBaradei has suggested keeping nuclear and radiological material out of the hands of extremist groups, tightening control over the operations for producing the nuclear material that could be used in weapons, and accelerating disarmament efforts.[71]ElBaradei also stated that only one percent of the money spent to develop new weapons would be enough to feed the entire world and that, if we hope to escape self destruction, nuclear weapons should have no place in our collective conscience and no role in our security

《简·爱》英语文体学分析

《简·爱》文体分析 摘要:文体学是连接语言学和文学批评的桥梁,它集中探讨作者如何通过对语言的选择来表达和加强主题意义和美学效果。《简·爱》是英国著名女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特最为经典的作品。本文从文体学的角度对《简·爱》进行分析,探讨其在词汇运用、情节发展、人物刻画及主题思想方面的特点。 一、作者简介 夏洛蒂·勃朗特1816年生于英国北部约克郡的豪渥斯的一个乡村牧师家庭。母亲早逝,八岁的夏洛蒂被送进一所专收神职人员孤女的慈善性机构——柯文桥女子寄宿学校。在那里,她的两个姐姐玛丽亚和伊丽莎白因染上肺病而先后死去。于是夏洛蒂和妹妹艾米利回到家乡,15岁时她进了伍勒小姐办的学校读书,几年后又在这个学校当教师。后来她曾作家庭教师,最终她投身于文学创作的道路。夏洛蒂·勃朗特有两个姐姐、两个妹妹和一个弟弟。两个妹妹,即艾米莉·勃朗特和安妮·勃朗特,也是著名作家,因而在英国文学史上常有“勃朗特三姐妹”之称。 二、小说内容概要 简·爱是一个孤儿,寄住在舅母家,从小受尽欺侮和白眼。她被送进一家慈善学校,在那里,她学会了如何在恶劣的条件下生存,并最终成为该校的一名教师。后来,她应聘报纸广告上的职位,来到桑菲尔德庄园,担任庄园的主人罗切斯特先生收养的小女孩阿黛尔的家庭教师。简·爱相貌平平,出身寒微,却诚实真挚,独立自强,敢于表达自己的观点。罗切斯特被简·爱所深深吸引,而她也爱上了罗切斯特。就在他们即将成婚之际,简·爱得知罗切斯特已有妻室,她就是被关在阁楼里的疯女人伯莎。简·爱拒绝了罗切斯特要她留下来的请求,离开了桑菲尔德庄园。无家可归的简·爱被圣约翰·里弗斯兄妹收留,原来他们竟是表亲。圣约翰要去印度传教,他认为简·爱的品格非常适合做牧师的妻子,于是向她求婚,而简·爱却对罗切斯特念念不忘。一天晚上,她仿佛听见罗切斯特在呼唤自己的名字,于是她又回到桑菲尔德庄园,却发现昔日的庄园已被伯莎点的一把火化为灰烬。而罗切斯特也在抢救伯莎时受伤,双目失明。这时已经继承了一笔遗产的简·爱决定留在罗切斯特身边。三、文体赏析

英语文体学教程

Chapter1 1, what is style in your opinion according to what we have studied in this chapter? Anwser1 , from the perspective of the content, the events and activities described ,style is saying different things in different ways ;from the perspective of the ways of expression used ,styled is same thing in different ways; from the perspective of the users of language ,style is different speakers using language in different ways; and from the perspective of the text ,style is the functions of texts for different purposes. Anwser2, the definition of style is the concept of style as choice .this definition can have at least too interpretations .one is that first we have a pre-existing thought ,and then we choice the appropriate type of expression to express it in language. The chosen expression is the style .another is that the choice refers to the choice of meaning. The choice of language is at the same time a choice of meaning and a choice of style . 2,what is the significance of studying the style of language in learning and teaching English? Anwser, the answer is that if we want to use language appropriately in different situations , we need to study style .as foreign language learners, if we disregard the rules of using what variety of language in what occasion , or fail to obey them through ignorance , language can become instead a barrier to successful communication . Therefore its necessary to have a clear awareness of how language should be used in different types of situations especially in unfamiliar situations. 3, what factors can result in differences in style ? Answer , 1, the different types of vocabulary create different images of the events in the rea der’s mind, so they can result in different styles.2,people living in different periods of time in history will also speak differently ,and that will result in a different style. Chapter2 1, explain the following terms 1),foregrounding: the stylistically significant features have to be prominent and motivated ,that is ,foregrounded. 2),incongruity: the linguistic features depart from the normal use of language ,breaking the rules grammar ,spelling ,pronunciation. 3)deflection : the linguistic features don’t depart from the established grammatical, lexical and logical rules and principles ,but have an unexpected high frequency of occurrence. 4),field; its concerned with what is happening ,including the subject matter,the events happenings,going-ons, the content ,etc 5)tenor: its concerned with who is taking part in the exchange of meaning ----the relationship between the speaker and the listener ,their relative status,their attitude,and their role relations . 6)mode: its concerned with how the interaction is conducted ,that is whether it is written or spoken ,or whether it is expressed by phonic substance or graphic substance. 2,question for discussion 2)in rhetorical series,the number of items can influence the stylistic effect.try to analyze the causes on the basis of social culture. Answer :different numbers of words can produce different stylistic effects in the appropriate contexts. Two items express assertion ,that is ,it is just this ,not that .In appropriate situations three items can produce ethic ,persuasive, and representative effect. Four or more items in a series

英语文体学

Unit 5 Formal vs Informal Language 英教0901班董宜之程雅洁田冬雪

Contents 5.1 The interpersonal function of language 5.2 Degrees of formality 5.3 Functional tenor and degrees of formality 5.4 Martin Joo’s Classification 5.5 Speech situation and formality 5.6 Formality and linguistic features 5.7 Sets of co-occurring features 5.8 Involved vs informational texts 5.9 Tenors, field, and mode

5.1 The interpersonal function of language 1.Functions of language: ●the ideational / referential function ●the interpersonal / social / expressive function ●the textual function 2. Tenors of discourse: the relationship between participants in the situation, their roles and status. The participant relations that determine the tenor of discourse range through varying degrees of permanence.

《英语文体学》1-7总结

第一章文体学相关研究内容 文体学分为普通文体学和文学文体学,二者有重叠部分,但在此我们所研究的是普通文体学,文体学研究的是语言风格,对语言,人们的理解有很多种,但不管哪种说法,无可否认,语言都是人类表达思想、互相交流的手段,并且有很多具不同意旨的言语事件;风格是与说话人的语言习惯、时代背景相关的,是人门特有的表达方式,因人而异,对语言起到一定修饰作用并且关系到语言表达的有效性。因此,文体学研究会涉及各种语言变体及相关特征、功用。文体学对提高理解力和鉴赏水平有很大帮助。此外,文体学还与语言学、修辞学及文学评论等相关联。接下来的章节中将具体阐述相关内容。 第二章文体学研究的必要性 学习文体学可以提高我们语言使用的精确性,犹如不能在婚礼上穿牛仔装一样,语言使用要合乎当时、当地的具体环境,这就涉及文体学中的言语事件;学习文体学有利于提高我们对文学作品的理解与鉴赏水平,因为文学创作中,作者不可避免会对作品的语言、风格做选择,在文学评论三部曲(描述、解读、评估)中会涉及相关内容;文体学对满足翻译适应性有很大帮助,翻译很难做到完全对应,但基本原则一致是必须的,如作品基调、作品体裁等一致。以上文体学内容中都有涉及。 第三章语言变体 在不同的社交场合,有不同的约定俗成的语体。根据特定场合的语言习惯及其中特定说话人的语言使用,语言变体可以分为两种:方言变体和语域变体。方言变体与不同的语言使用者相关,分为个人方言、时间方言、地域方言、社会方言和标准方言;语域变体与不同社交场合相关,其构成要素是语场、语式和语旨。两种变体并非独立存在而是有一定的相关性,比如,在同一种族、同一领域或同一社会地位,为了增进了解,说话人可能会选择这一具某种共同特征人群的行内语言。此外,从语言变体中,我们还可以获知说话人的某些相关信息,如职业、国家和说话意旨等。 第四章语言描述 了解了语言变体,本章节探讨各种语言变体的具体表述问题,即具体语言表述。在这个层面上,文体学提供了一种系统的分析方法,使我们对付各种文章轻而易举。文体学上对语言描述的研究分别从语言层次上着手,即从音系、语相上,词汇语法上和语义上着手。各个层次上的具体特征表现共同或分别作用于文章整体,以达到某种表达效果。因此,在对语言描述进行具体分析时,就要着眼于这几个层次上的文体特征,具体步骤:系统浏览文章并记录具有已述特征的语言点;量化语言特征的使用频率;评估文体特征在文中的重要意义;对文章总体进行综合评述,尤其是对逻辑关系和整体思路。另外,我们可以将这种方法应用到对变体种类和语场的分析中。 第五章正式语和非正式语 语言所承载的基本功能是人际交流功能,根据参与者和具体语言环境,语言有正式和非正式的差别。说话人社会地位愈高、具体场合愈正式,语言使用就越严谨、越正式;在日常对话或与关系愈亲密的人对话时,语言使用就越生活化、越轻松。语言使用的正式程度与话语意旨密切相关,由此产生日常习语、法律术语、政治术语等等专门语言,Martin Joos将正式程度变化划分五级:僵化、正式、咨询、随便、亲密。不同语言环境下,语言正式度会不同,说话人会随外部语言环境自行调节。正式用语与非正式用语在词汇、音调、语义上都有所不同,前者用词多是正式书面化,吐词清晰、完整,逻辑性强;后者则相反。根据同现限制原则,我们可以分辨语言使用的正式程度高低。 第六章口语和书面语 根据语言传播媒介,语言分为口语和书面语,二者在很多方面均有不同。与书面语相比,口语一般是说话人与听话人面对面交流,说话人需要听话人关注,并及时得到反馈,所以多

英语文体学论文

Text analysis for the Course of Stylistics Topic 1: Register Analysis and relevant features This essay is due to analyze the text “What does i t mean to be a digital native?”. (https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cd8096937.html,/2012/12/04/business/digital-native-prensky/index.html) Firstly, author will analyze the register of the text, and then discuss three significant features of the text in different aspects which related to the register. 1.Register To analyze the register, it is necessary to know the definition of register. Here is the description from Wiki-pedia: In linguistics, a register is a variety of a language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting. For example, when speaking in a formal setting, an English speaker may be more likely to adhere more closely to prescribed grammar, pronounce words ending in -ing with a velar nasal instead of analveolar nasal (e.g. "walking", not "walkin'"), choose more formal words (e.g. father vs. dad, child vs. kid, etc.), and refrain from using contractions such as ain't, than when speaking in an informal setting. We can get the register’s definition clearly from above sentences. To say it popularly, it is different types of texts. Back to the text “What does i t mean to be a digital native?”, without stylistic feature, it is better to consider in three aspects: the text’s publication site, text’s content and its

英语文体学论文

An Analysis of Oxymoron from the Perspective of Register and Metafunctions of Language Introduction 1. Mary's husband now seems to be an intimate stranger to her. 2. It's really a bitter-sweet memory. 3. Here is nothing so unnatural as the commonplace. 4. His honour rooted in dishonour stood And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true. The above sentences are different in that they each have a pair of words that carry contradictory meanings within themselves. This kind of sentences also makes their appearance in Chinese, for example, 《孔乙己》的结尾:“我到现在终于没有见—大约孔乙己的确死了。” 我爱热闹,也爱冷静;爱群居,也爱独处。(朱自清《荷塘月色》) 有的人活着,他已经死了;有的人死了,他还活着。(臧克家《有的人》) In the field of Rhetoric, this linguistic phenomenon is a way to achieve prominence, so that the sentence can be impressive while at the same time express a mixed situation or feelings. It is called oxymoron. In the following part, I am going to analyze oxymoron in Chinese language using Halliday?s theory of register and metafunctions of language. 1.Theoretical framework---Halliday’s theory of register and metafunctions of language Halliday and Hasan define register as "a configuration of meanings that are typically associated with a particular situational configuration of field, mode, and tenor...[which must] include the expressions, the lexico-grammatical and phonological features, that typically accompany or REALISE these meanings" (1985:39).

英语文体学 1

English Stylistics 英语文体学 Course Introduction Course title: English Stylistics Course hours: 2 per week, 34 in total Assessment: 1. Attendance 2. After-class preparation for related topics 3. In-class performance and involvement 4. Quiz 5. Final exam Teaching Objectives: Have a systematic knowledge of the features of different varieties of language Make appropriate use of language in our communication Familiarize ourselves with the stylistic features of the different genres of literature Deepen our understanding and appreciation of literary works Offer useful ideas on translation and language teaching Textbook: English Stylistics(英语文体学) Other reference books: Introduction to English Stylistics《英语文体学引论》(丁往道王佐良)

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