法律英语阅读Unit 3 Legal System

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法律英语阅读Unit 3 Legal System

继续上次的法律英语阅读，今天为大家带来Unit 3的相关知识。有笔记、短语和句子翻译哦！大家快收藏起来好好学习吧！

Notes

Courts of limited jurisdiction 有限管辖权法院

Courts of general jurisdiction 一般管辖权法院

Subject matter jurisdiction 对事管辖权，指法院受理某种案件的权力

Diversity jurisdiction 多元管辖

Each Circuit Court consists of several judges who ordinarily sit in panels of three for each case. 每个巡回法院由若干法官组成，每个案件通常由三个法官组成的合议庭审理。

The Ten Commandments of the Bible.圣经十诫

The Babylonian Code of Hammurabi and the Code of the Twelve Tables of early Rome. 巴比伦的汉摩拉比法典及古罗马的十二铜表法

Retributive justice of "an eye for an eye"

“以眼还眼，以牙还牙”的因果报应来自圣经

Monotheism---belief that there is only one God. 一神论

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The greatest contribution of the Roman Empire to history was its development of a coherent legal system and efficient government administration , which brought stability and order to the world.

罗马帝国对历史的最大贡献是，它发展了一个有条理的法律制度和一个高效率的政府行政体系，这些曾给世界带来过稳定和秩序。

Phrase Translation

一套统一的法律one uniform set of laws

有关当事人的实体权利the substantive rights of the parties concerned

有限管辖权法院courts of limited jurisdiction

美国司法制度的双轨制和多轨制duality and multiplicity of the American judicial system 中级上诉法院the intermediate appellate courts

法律选择问题choice of law question

初审法院和下级法院the trial courts and inferior courts

由联邦最高法院裁量at the discretion of the Supreme Court

由三个法官组成的巡回法院合议庭the panel of the circuit court made up of three judges 统一的法院体系 a uniform set of court system

Sentence Translation

双轨制是美国法律制度的一个特点，这也是由美国联邦制所造成的。

Duality is the characteristics of the American legal system and it might be resulted from American federalism.

在跨州交易和有关事件中，经常产生法律选择的问题。

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Choice o law questions frequently arise in multi-state transactions or occurrences.

选择法院也增加了美国诉讼的复杂性，因为美国的法院系统同样存在双轨制。

Choice of forum also adds to the complexity of litigation in America, because there is also duality in America's court system.

美国有各种独立的联邦和州法院体系，各自可细分为出身和上诉法院。

There is a separate federal and state court system in the United States which may subdivide into trial court and court of appeal.

诉讼对初审法院的判决可向上级法院上诉。然而，联邦最高法院并不对每个上诉事件进行司法复审。

The litigant may appeal to the higher court for the judgment rendered by the trial court. Nevertheless the United States Supreme Court is not to have appellate review of every case.

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大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案.

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3 大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（四） 十六 Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , fortunately,the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of obergrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseaed or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but itis a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the desease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurs and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts yu make will bleed. If this does happen,it is, of course,impossible to paint them properly. 1.Pruning should be done to ______. a.make the tree grow taller

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最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：（报名网址） Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always __1__ such people, but I also explain that there’sa big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of __2__ and fame, notthe long hours alone at a typewriter. "You’ve got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer."The reality is that writing is a __3__, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there arethousands more whose longing is never __4__. When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Guard to become a freelancewriter(自由撰稿人), I had no __5__ at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn’t even matter that it was __6__and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and feltlike a __7__ writer.After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t gotten a break and began to __8__ myself. It was so hard to sell a storythat __9__ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn’t going to be one ofthose people who die wondering, what if? I would keeo putting my dream to the test----even though it meant living with __10__and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there. A) barely B) genuine C) rewarded D) doubt E) lonely F) poverty G) persuade H) prospects I) uncertainty J)impossibly K) encourage L)awarded M) alone N)wealth O)cold 【答案】 1.选K)。此处应填动词的原形。可选项有doubt, persuade, encourage, 但由always推知，作者是在鼓励那些想要成为作家的人，而不是怀疑也不是说服，故排除doubt和persuade而选encourage。 2.选N)。由空格后的fame可知，此处应填名词。可选项有prospects和wealth，但由dreaming of 与第二段中The reality is... poor-paying可推知，那些想当作家的人梦想的是金钱和名誉，而不是前途，故排除prospects而选wealth。

(英语)英语阅读理解练习题含答案及解析

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初中英语阅读理解教教案 阅读理解是英语学习中必须具备的能力之一，有助于巩固和扩大词汇、丰富语言知识，提高运用语言的能力。可以训练学生的思维能力、理解能力、概括能力与判断能力。加强阅读训练可以为学生创造大量获取语言知识和大量运用语言的机会和条件。既可以培养学生对语篇进行分析、综合并从中获取信息的能力，也能培养学生的审美情趣。培养阅读能力也是教学大纲中规定的中学英语教学目标之一，所以阅读课在我们平时的英语教学中尤为重要，怎样上好阅读课成为英语教师教学中的关键。以下根据自己近些年的教学经验，对初中英语阅读理解教学模式进行初步的探究和分析。 教学模式总结如下： Presentation（导入）——skimming（粗读）——listening and reading（听读）——scanning （跳读）——intensive reading（细读）——retelling（复述）——discussing（讨论）——writing （写作）——summary（小结）。 初中英语人教版九年级Unit 12 Section B 3a Step 1：Presentation（导入） 本篇文章主要讲述法国的风俗，所以可以通过讲述一个因为语言差异所产生的误解的笑话导入，以此引起学生对课文产生兴趣，使学生更快的进入学习状态。 Step 2：Skimming 这一步是为掌握文章大意而进行的阅读，要求学生读后概括文章的大意，并且设计一些简单的问句让学生进行回答。 What does Wang Kun do? Where is she now? What’s the article mainly about? Step 3：Listening and reading 让学生边听边读，并且在听读的过程中找出文章的重点词汇、短语、句子。并且进行解决，扫除学生阅读中存在的一部分障碍，但要注意知识点的讲解要尽量简练，并且要引导和培养学生根据上下文猜词的能力。 Step 4：Scanning 这是一种为寻求特点细节放弃大部分内容，只注意某一点或某几点的阅读方式，要求学生根据老师提出的问题进行跳跃式的阅读，找出问题的主要信息。在此环节中提醒学生不要逐词逐句看课文，要讲究速度。在最短的时间内找出问题的答案。在此期间老师要出示以下问题：How many table manners are mentioned in the passage ? What are they ? be supposed to do be not supposed to do Step 5：Intensive reading 仔细阅读文章，要求学生从细节处把握文章，在前面阅读的基础上，从整体上把握文章的主要内容，以便于帮助学生加深对课文的理解。 在此环节中，要求学生各自独立完成阅读任务，然后与同桌或同组同学合作解决疑难点。在学生的阅读过程中，教师要出示以下问题帮助学生理解课文。 1、Why was Wang Kun nervous before she arrived in France? 2、Why did she have no reason to be nervous? 3、How has her French improved? 4、What is one particular challenge she is facing?