2011 最新版 全国英语等级考试 公共英语三 教材 unit19

unit19
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unit19-1.----------
Title：1.Chang and Hank are in the same university. They are talking about the western frontier in America.
Question：How did Hank's great-great-grandfather go to the frontier?
Question：What did the frontier look like?
Question：What food did the pioneers eat?
Woman：Chang
Man：Hank
Chang：
Recently I have studied American history.
I am very interested in the western frontier in your country.
Could you tell me something about it, Hank?
Hank：
Yes, of course.
The life to the frontiersmen in the west has always been an attraction to us American people.
My grandmother often told me stories about her grandfather who was a pioneer in the early days.
Chang：
Really?
Her accounts must be trustworthy.
Hank：
In the 1870s, my great-great-grandfather heard that gold had been found in the west.
Like many other easterners, he felt an urge to go west.
And he took the wagon across the plains and deserts.
Chang：
Was that a long, risky journey?
Hank：
Yes.
It was really a hard journey.
Chang：
Did he go to a village or a town?
Hank：
Oh, no, the frontier was none of these.
It was just wild uncultivated land.
Chang：
What kind of houses did they live in?
Hank：
If they happened to be near a forest, they built log cabins.
Chang：
In such a wild place, what did they eat?
Hank：
They ate whatever was available.
Chang：
Those people were really fearless and self-reliant.
Hank：
You are right.
That's perhaps one reason why we Americans still look back upon the past with respect and admiration.
Chang：
Thank you very much.


unit19-2.----------
Title：2.A guide is leading the visitors to visit some historic places. Carol and Clive are among them.
Question：Why does Clive lag behind?
Question：When was Pompeii destroyed?
Question：When did Pompeii reappear in people's eyes?
Man：Guide
Woman：Carol
Man：Clive
Guide：
Ladies and gentlemen.
If you will just pause for a moment on this terrace, you will get a good general view of the terrains, with the forum in front of you, the Temple of Jupiter to the left, and the Baths and the Amphitheatre beyond.
Carol：
Hurry up, Clive.
I can't hear what the guide is saying.
Clive：
All right.
Just let me stay in the shade for a minute while I change the film.
Carol：
Is that your last roll?
Clive：
No, I've got two more rolls after this.
Don't worry.
We'll have enough slides to bore our friends for months.
Guide：
The town of Pompeii was a favourite resort of rich Roman families.
Emperors often stayed here too.
As I'm sure, you know, it was destroyed in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius which occurred in the year 79 AD.
The streets and houses were buried under a thick layer of lava.
Excavation of the site began in 1748 and, as you can see, it has uncovered a wonderful

picture of life in ancient times.
Carol：
It certainly is wonderful.
You can almost imagine the ancient Romans are still here, eating and drinking in their houses.
Clive：
If you see any, let me know.
I haven't got any shots of ancient Romans singing.
Guide：
As we walk down towards the forum, notice how the streets are designed.
There are high pavements on either side, and pedestrian crossings in the form of stepping stones.
Between the stones, you can see quite clearly the deep marks made by the Chariot wheels.
Carol：
Goodness me!
Clive：
It is really a historic site.


unit19-3.----------
Title：3.A small white Ford shot out in front of a blue car. The two lawyers are questioning the driver of the blue car.
Question：How does the driver explain the reason for the accident?
Question：Does the 2nd lawyer believe in him?
Question：What does the driver argue against the 2nd lawyer?
Man：1st lawyer
Woman：Driver
Woman：2nd lawyer
1st lawyer：
Please tell the court exactly what happened.
Driver：
Certainly.
I was driving home along Harbour Road.
I was just going to slow down when I saw a small white Ford in a side road.
I was sure he was going to wait there until I drove past.
I had no idea he was going to shoot out in front of me.
1st lawyer：
In other words, the driver of the white Ford shot out without any warning.
Is that right?
Driver：
Exactly.
It was completely unexpected.
1st lawyer：
And you had no idea that was going to happen?
Driver：
No!
None whatsoever!
1st lawyer：
Thank you.
2nd lawyer：
Hmm...you say you were going to slow down when the accident happened, is that right?
Driver：
Yes, it is.
I was going to slow down.
2nd lawyer：
I see.
I suppose you were going very fast at the time.
Driver：
No, not at all!
I was doing 30, that's all.
2nd lawyer：
Well, why were you going to slow down, then?
That suggests to me, and I'm sure to the court as well, that you were going too fast in the first place.
Driver：
No!
The reason I was going to slow down was very simple.
I was going to turn into the next side road.
2nd lawyer：
Really?
Why?
Driver：
Because I live there, that's why!


unit19-4.----------
Title：4.The following monologue is about the extinction of dinosaurs.
Question：Who found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific?
Question：How many ships and people did Magellan's expedition have?
Question：Did Magellan return to Spain with his crew?
Question：How long did it take for them to sail around the world?
Man：Mary
Mary：
Early in the 16th century men were trying to reach Asia by traveling west from Europe.
In order to find Asia they had to find a way past South America.
The man who eventually found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was Ferdinand Magellan.
Magellan sailed from Seville in Sept

ember 1519 with 5 ships and about 266 men.
14 months later, after spending the severe winter on the coast of Patagonia, he discovered the channel which is now called Magellan's Strait.
In November 1520, after many months of dangers from rocks and storms, the 3 remaining ships entered the ocean on the other side of South America.
They then continued, hoping to reach Asia.
But they didn't see any land until they reached the islands off the coast of Asia.
Before they arrived at these islands, later known as the Philippines, men were dying of starvation.
While they were staying in the Philippines, Magellan was killed in battle.
The remaining officers then had to go back to Spain.
They decided to sail round Africa.
After many difficulties, one ship with 18 men sailed into Seville 3 years after leaving.
They were all that remained of Magellan's expedition.
However, their achievement was great.
They were the first men to sail around the world.
They proved the truth that the world is round.


unit19-5.----------
Title：The Battle of Britain 1940

Woman：Mary
Mary：
In the summer of 1940, the German Air Force attempted to win air superiority over southern Britain and the English Channel by destroying the Royal Air Force and the British aircraft industry.
This attempt came to be known as the Battle of Britain, and victory over the RAF was seen by the Germans as absolutely essential if they were eventually to mount an invasion of the British Isles.
Mary：
The Germans had conquered Belgium, the Netherlands and northern France in May 1940, using the Blitz ("Lightning War") technique that relied, among other things, on close coordination between ground troops and the German Air Force.
Although the German Air Force proved very competent in this role, it was not trained or equipped for the longer-range operations that became part of the Battle of Britain.
Mary：
It is widely believed that had the Germans succeeded in their aim of destroying the RAF, they would have been able to invade Britain relatively easily.
This was, after all, at a time when the country was the only European power resisting Nazi Germany, even though she did enjoy massive support from her Commonwealth partners.
Mary：
A plan to use the German Air Force as the prelude to the invasion of the UK had been discussed in 1939, and was at first rejected.
However, in view of the strength of the Royal Navy, the Germans did eventually decide they had to crush the RAF first.
They had won convincingly in the Polish campaign in 1939 and the Scandinavian and French campaigns in 1940, but they were now up against a well-organized air defense system, and things were going to be more difficult for them.
Mary：
The British, on the other hand, over-estimated German strength and competence.
This was worrying, but not something that would lose them the battle, and they also had a new invention-radar-to help direct the fighters to interc

ept attacking German aircraft.
Furthermore, the British were starting to get intelligence from intercepting German communications, having cracked the Enigma code system.
Mary：
The Battle officially began on 13 August, with an all-out assault on "Eagle day".
The German Air Force lost a total of1 733 aircraft from July to October, the RAF 915.
The Germans were actually winning the battle of attrition but, frustrated by the unexpected numbers of Allied planes opposing them, switched in early September to night bombing of cities.
This was a fatal mistake.
The earlier dilution of effort was made worse as the German Air Force wandered between attacks on transport, civilian morale and the aviation industry.
Mary：
The Blitz, as it was known, continued after the Battle of Britain had finished.
During the Blitz, between September 1940 and May 1941, the Germans dropped more than 35 000 tons of bombs for the loss of 650 aircraft.
London was attacked 19 times with 18 800 tons of bombs.
Mary：
On 17 September, two days after the German Air Force's worst day in the Battle of Britain, Hitler cancelled his plan for the invasion of Britain.
The campaign of city bombing continued, but Hitler by now was focusing on Russia-and on 22 June 1941, he launched the greatest land-air campaign in the history of war and its aim was the invasion of the Soviet Union.