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江苏高考英语任务型专项分析 对比

江苏高考英语任务型专项分析 对比
江苏高考英语任务型专项分析 对比

2014江苏高考英语任务型阅读分析

继2013年据考生反映江苏高考英语试卷总体难度比往年有所提升后(如:题量太大,阅读理解看得实在有些发蒙。一篇任务型阅读和四篇文章阅读看蒙了不少考生),2014年江苏高考英语试卷基本继承了2013年的趋势,最后一篇阅读依旧是6个问题,而考生普遍反映任务型阅读为最难。下图是2009至2014年各题型考察的题数。

其实2014年的这篇任务型阅读文章行文流畅,条理清晰,文章内容并不是晦涩难懂。难在题目的设置方面,这也是阻碍考生拿高分的重要原因。08-13年任务型的题型统计,得知任务型阅读近6成题目其实可以在原文中找出答案,即原文重现题,而概括总结题每年保持在1-3道(09年除外)。而今年的任务型阅读中,概括总结题锐增至4道,原词重现类的题目,考生也是需要较强的语言功底和观察能力才能找出,像, 73. practical, , 所以本年的任务型阅读,已不仅仅停留在单词定位能力的考察,概况总结能力的熟练运用是重点考察对象。

另外影响考生在任务式阅读中得高分的一个因素是本套试卷其他题型难度系数的提高,时间上给考生构成了一个的挑战。2014高考江苏卷的最后一篇阅读难度较大,这从做题时间和心理压力上,都加大了考生的做题压力。

题材分析

从上述表格中我们可以看出,在七年的高考任务型阅读中除10年的“生物指南针”这类生物科技文外,其余六年选材均以“人文”角度出发,描述人际关系,如08年的团队合作,09

年的沟通原则,11年的领导致歉。14年的同龄人的压力,因此我估计13年任务型阅读的文章仍将延续这一风格,沿袭人文社科主题,强调人文关怀,注重人际交往;题目在每段的分布都较为均匀;另外值得一说的是近几年高考并没有设置title, topic, definition, conclusion等题;答题框为树枝型布局等等。

教学建议

2014年江苏省任务型阅读给我们带来了以下两点启示:1)应当重视加强对概况总结题的练习;2)要加强同义,近义词词汇转换的积累。从2008到2009年,任务型阅读的概括总结类题目也从无增加至4道,我认为2015年高考概括总结类题目只会有减无增。所以,2015届的考生需要在平时多做训练,不断提高自己的词汇量,同时注意词性的转化,提高对固定搭配的敏感度,同时要熟读历年真题中完形填空和阅读理解经典篇目,培养对文章深入理解的能力。相信日积月累,一定会有所进步的!

下附任务型阅读具体指导方法:

一、任务型阅读的基本理论依据

阅读是由感知、思维、推理、评价、判断、想象和解决问题等一系列积极的心理活动构成的。阅读是中国学生学习外语的主要方式,是学生获取信息的主要手段。在阅读过程中,信息的获取完全是一种交互活动,信息的获取要靠读者的“图式”知识。“图式”包括学习图式、生活图式和工作图式,“图式”知识是学习的基础,同时又是学习的成果之一,“图式驱动阅读”模式(top-down approach),是一种利用大脑图式描述知识帮助理解文本的阅读方式。理解涉及文本和图式两方面因素,信息的获取不仅取决于文本本身的难易度,还取决于学生的背景知识、语体知识和语言解码能力,是读者在进行文本解码的同时运用已有知识帮助理解的过程,包括世界知识、文化知识、话题知识、语篇知识、策略知识等。任务型阅读(task-based reading)主要依赖于“形式图式”的能力,而“内容图式”和“语言图式”起辅助作用。2008年江苏高考新题型的设计属任务型阅读,相对传统阅读理解题型,更注重考生在语言输入的基础上加强语言输出能力的考查,要求对摄取信息进行分析、概括、整理、理解并根据需要进行综合运用。

二、任务型阅读的特点和类型

1.特点

(1)任务型阅读侧重语篇分析,剖析文章的“脉络”,即文章的结构或者框架。在阅读教学中,“英语语篇”按照文体可分记叙文(narrative)、描述文(description)、议论文(argumentation)、说明文(exposition)。各类文体各有其写作特点,任务型阅读后题目常具备一定的逻辑顺序展开。学会分析语篇,培养语篇分析能力可快速完成文字表达的任务。

(2)阅读材料后题目设置多样化,考查学生多种能力。任务型阅读虽然有考察学生单词拼写能力,但是和“单词拼写”以及“对话填空”有着本质的区别。任务型阅读考的是语篇分析能力,对学生能力的考查更全面,要求也更高,包括考察学生的思维能力、分析能力、词汇能力以及其他的语言深层挖掘能力等。

(3)阅读题目设置有梯度,答题要求简练和规范。任务型阅读属阅读范畴,题目设置旨在围绕不同的阅读技能和语言应用而展开,涉及词性转换、词语释义、同意替换、语法结构、归纳演绎、结构分析、细节理解等。任务型阅读有字数限制,表达部分也暗含有一些要求,诸如大小写、答题的一致性及词性等等,这些隐性的规范需要学生自己去揣摩。任务型阅读也随着阅读材料内容、文体、题目设置、答题要求的不同而呈现不同的难易度。

2.类型

任务型英语学习是指学习者通过活动学语言(learning English by doing things),任务型阅读是指通过各种语言活动的形式来考查学生语言运用能力,考查学生在限定的时间内能否“按要求辨认语言结构、内容、事物发展顺序和程序。”

三、任务型阅读的解题思路

任务型阅读一般的解题思路可归纳为四步曲,即“审题”“略读”“边细读边解题”“复核”。“审题”,即看清题目及要求,做到有的放矢,心中有数。2008江苏高考考试说明中三个示例,分别如下:示例1:请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。示例2:请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词,注意:每空格1个单词,不得用文章中的单词。示例3:请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词,注意:每空格不超过6个单词。弄清以上三种不同答题要求均为“审大题”,审题还须“审小题”和“审格式”。

“略读”,这里指的是快速阅读、掌握大意。在做题以前要快速扫视一下文章的大意,了解阅读材料的基本信息、语篇的文体类型,如记叙文、议论文还是说明文,作者的写作目的与态度等,为下一步完成任务作铺垫。“边细读边解题”,指通过细读题目和文章中相关信息完成指定任务。

在此步骤,教师应指导学生注意以下解题技巧:注意表格前的小标题,它通常是段落和表格的主题句,有助于理解文章。理解表格设计,表格一般包括列标题和行标题,通过阅读这些标题和表格里的内容;可迅速了解表格的结构和表格的设计原理。同时也可缩小信息范围,确定考查内容。根据已填的内容来推断所填之词的形式,是单词或词组。填写答案时注意工整对称性,要注意与已填部分的形式保持一致。比如:是-ing都用-ing,是名词都用名词。同时要注意时态、语态、句式等,避免出现错误。“复核”即检查核对初步完成的所要求的任务。通常做法是全部填完后,把文章看一遍,检查所填之词是否符合文章内容,答题是否符合规范,拼写是否正确以及大小写等。

四、任务型阅读的培养策略

1.新教材与任务型阅读

(1)课文阅读教学与任务型阅读的衔接

①课文教学采用任务阅读教学法

任务阅读教学吸收了任务型教学的基本理念,强调阅读目的、阅读活动的真实性。让学生通过完成真实的阅读任务提高阅读理解能力。其主要程序包括pre-task, while-task, post-task。任务前、中、后阶段可以设计不同的阅读教学活动来提高学生的阅读技能。如要提高学生的

skimming(略读)技能,教师可设计此类活动:阅读后给出标题;阅读后匹配标题;阅读后撰写概要;话题匹配等。

②课文教学重视语篇分析

《牛津高中英语》教材中的阅读篇章的题材是多种多样的,教师应重视学生语篇分析能力的培养,学生也须重视自己的教师是如何进行语篇文体的分析的。一般说来,不同文体有其各自的写作特点。如:记叙文的故事是按照“开端——发展——高潮——结尾”的顺序写就;记叙文中的人物传记一般是按照“人物生平——人物成就——对人物评价”的模式撰写;;说明文的结构分为引言、正文和结束语三部分而议论文则是通过论点(argumentation)、论据(supporting details)和结论(concluding)这几部分展开。了解并熟悉不同文体的特征,有利于学生迅速归纳出文章的大意和作者的写作意图,有利于学生理解阅读材料,有助于处理任务型阅读题型中主题概括类题目的解答。

③任务型阅读用于课文理解和课文巩固环节

《牛津高中英语》教材每个模块有3~4个单元,每个单元均有reading板块,任务型阅读中的图表类型是一种较常用的类型,可用于reading板块课文理解和课文巩固环节。

(2)新教材词汇教学在任务型阅读中的体现

新课改下词汇教学的目标是教会学生如何学习词汇、积累词汇、扩展词汇和正确运用词汇。标准强调对词汇学习目标要求主要涉及三个方面:词汇的记忆、词义的理解和词汇的应用。标准强调词汇学习要结合表达需求、话题范围和语境。词汇教学应侧重在情景、语境和话题讨论中进行,有利于学生对词汇的理解、掌握和运用。新题型任务型阅读对词汇的考查有词语释义、词形转换、词组搭配、同义转换等多种形式。因此,教师在呈现词汇时,应充分注意音、义、形的统一,可根据学生不同年龄段选择不同的呈现方法。在词汇教学中应重视以下几方面的教学,如:单词请亲戚(词形、词性变化练习);近义、反义词汇积累;词语搭配等,教师还应能够根据具体的单词介绍相应的词汇策略,如“上下文策略”、“词根、词缀记忆策略”、分类、联想等。学生具备丰富的词汇、扎实的词汇功底无疑对于处理任务型阅读新题型具有很大的帮助。

(3)新教材阅读策略在任务型阅读中的应用

阅读教学以培养学生的阅读理解能力为能力目标,使学生掌握一定的阅读技巧,从而从阅读中获取需要的信息、知识、娱乐等。不同的学习阶段,阅读教学的目标不同,所培养的阅读技巧和策略也不同。《牛津高中英语》重视培养学生的阅读策略,比如跳读、寻读、览读、首尾句阅读、预测等。任务型阅读题由文字和图表共同组成,不同文体采用的阅读策略也不尽相同。有时学生可根据图表类型从文章中找寻答案,有时却需要先读文章。各种阅读策略的习得,对于高中学生快速地处理所读材料信息非常重要,学生可根据阅读目的选择阅读方式,调整阅读速度,完成任务要求。教师在教材处理中应重视阅读策略(reading strategy)的教学,切实提高学生的阅读水平。

2.任务型阅读的训练方法

(1)目前学生存在的主要问题有:找不到阅读短文中的相应信息,不会使用词汇的正确形式,不会提炼长句的“关键词”,不善于归纳总结加标题,不会分析结构复杂的长句,不熟练

各种文体的篇章布局。

(2)训练方法

①单句训练

a.原文直接寻找法

Their father’s word is the law.

They have to listen to their father.

b.词形转换(conversion method)

Is it possible for the police to find the lost boy?

Is there any possibility that the police will find the lost boy?

c.同义词/反义词

Can you provide any evidence that he was innocent of the crime ( not guilt)?

d.前缀/后缀

I am unable to cycle to school because my bike is broken. (be able to)

e.词的固定搭配

In minutes, you can contact another person who shares your love of kites or stamps.

Within a short time, it lets you contact another person who has interest in common.

f.意译法(paraphrasing)

People who don’t get enough vitamin A can’t see well in the dark.

Lack of/ lacking vitamin A causes people unable to see well at night.

g.句型法

Hopefully, you will be admitted to key universities by working hard and paying more attention to your method.

It is hoped that you will all enter key universities if you work hard enough and pay more attention to your method.

教师可通过上述方法进行单句训练,包括句型转换等练习来提高学生的基本技能。

②段落训练

段落理解的一个重要技能是理解段落大意,故教师应指导学生如何判断、发现每个自然段落主题句,再者,理解语句之间的关联是理解段落的一个重要因素。可以通过段落或句子顺序重组、对规定词语所指的选择、阅读文章补充抽掉的语篇指示语,根据所给句子或段落预测下文等阅读活动来进行段落训练,提高学生的阅读理解能力。

③篇章训练

教师可以通过设计段落划分、段落顺序重组、段落作用讨论等活动来培养学生理解篇章结构的技能。

教授学生任务性阅读中经常出现的一些词汇,即识记高频词汇也有利于学生快速完成指定任务。

3.任务型阅读应注意的原则

学生掌握任务型阅读解题步骤和技巧后,还应注意以下几点:

①循序渐进的原则

任务型阅读考查学生的各种能力,要求也较高,因此,我们在做任务型阅读题时,要从易到难(阅读材料由易到难,同一篇阅读材料题目不一定按题号做,应由易及难),由浅入深,应循序渐进,只有这样,才能增强学生信心,逐步提高学生的成就感,进而培养学生对任务型阅读题型的兴趣。

②有效阅读的原则

由于学生对任务型阅读题型熟悉程度不如传统阅读理解题型,一篇高质量的任务型阅读题常具有一定的梯度,多数设置了几个学生不能轻易解决的问题,我们的学生往往在此题型上花费的时间超过了《考试说明》的建议时间,即耗时过长,长此以往,养成了不良习惯,因此须增强任务型阅读的有效性。

(新)江苏专版2018年高考英语总复习微专题训练第54练态度类

第54练态度类 [跟踪训练] Ⅰ.语境填词

1.We have the pleasure to ask your ________(accept) of our presents. 2.Having a trip abroad is ________(certain) good for the old couple. 3.The accident taught him to be more ________(care). 4.She recalled her ________(devote) to her husband during his hour of need. 5.If something ________(证实) what you believe,it shows that it is definitely true. Ⅱ.单项填空 6.Scholars from the University of Kansas published the results of a decade-long study recently,suggesting that sendin g children to “pre-school” at the age of 6 comes too late to ________ for educational drawbacks at home.(2017·南通如东、徐州丰县联考) A.compensate B.answer C.account D.allow 7.As a matter of fact,her mother doesn’t________ of her going to study in the United States. A.admit B.agree C.prove D.approve 8.We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or ________ our emotions than for straight facts.(2015·浙江,11) A.block off B.appeal to C.subscribe to D.come across 9.The park was full of peop le, ________ themselves in the sunshine.(2015·北京,23) A.having enjoyed B.enjoyed C.enjoying D.to enjoy 10.I first read the fashion magazine over a decade ago and ________ to it since. A.subscribed B.had subscribed C.have subscribed D.was subscribing

2020年江苏高考英语专题三阅读理解:第二步真题演练(三)

真题演练(三)[2020·江苏] A Visitor Code ?Arrive with nothing that can harm New Zealand If you are arriving from overseas,bring no food,animal or plant material into the country.If in doubt declare it to Customs. ?Protect plants and animals Never allow dogs or other pets to run freely in areas of nesting birds,other wildlife,or where signposted. ?Get rid of rubbish Always get rid of your rubbish properly and recycle waste(e.g.,glass,paper) where possible. ?Be considerate with other waste If using a portable toilet always throw away your toilet waste at a proper waste station.In the back country,bury your toilet waste in a shallow hole away from waterways. ?Keep New Zealand’s water clean Because soaps and other wastes can harm waterways,be careful your washing water doesn’t pollute the sea,lakes and rivers. ?Take care with fire Always observe district fire bans.Be careful if you smoke or have an outdoor fire or barbecue—make sure ashes are cold before leaving. ?Camp or picnic carefully When camping or picnicking,use facilities provided. ?Keep to the track Keep to the track,where one exists,so you lessen the chance of damaging fragile plants. ?Be considerate When driving,minimize noise and observe no smoking signs.

江苏历年高考完形填空(2009_2014)

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高考英语完形填空 2008年 Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland. In an interview, she recalled how she became a percussion soloist (打击乐器独奏演员) in spite of her disability. “Early on I decided not to allow the 36 of others to stop me from becoming a musician. I grew up on a farm in northeast Scotland and began 37 piano lessons when I was eight. The older I got, the more my passion (酷爱) for music grew. But I also began to gradually lose my 38. Doctors concluded that the nerve damage was the 39 and by age twelve, I was completely deaf. But my love for music never 40 me. “My41 was to become a percussion soloist, even though there were none at that time. To perform, I 42 to hear music differently from others. I play in my stocking feet and can 43 the pitch of a note (音调高低) by the vibrations (振动). I feel through my body and through my 44. My entire sound world exists by making use of almost every 45 that I have. “I was 46 to be assessed as a musician, not as a deaf musician, and I applied to the famous Royal Academy of Music in London. No other deaf student had 47 this before and some teachers 48 my admission. Based on my performance, I was 49 admitted and went to 50 with the academy’s highest honors. “After that, I established myself as the first f ull-time solo percussionist. I 51 and arranged a lot of musical compositions since 52 had been written specially for solo percussionists. “I have been a soloist for over ten years. 53 the doctor thought was a totally deaf, it didn’t 54 that my passion cou ldn’t be realized. I would encourage people not to allow themselves to be 55 by others. Follow your passion; follow your heart, they will lead you to the place you want to go.” 36. A. conditions B. opinions C. actions D. recommendations 37. A. enjoying B. choosing C. taking D. giving 38. A. sight B. hearing C. touch D. taste 39. A. evidence B. result C. excuse D. cause 40. A. left B. excited C. accompanied D. disappointed 41. A. purpose B. decision C. promise D. goal 42. A. turned B. learned C. used D. ought 43. A. tell B. see C. hear D. smell 44. A. carefulness B. movement C. imagination D. experience 45. A. sense B. effort C. feeling D. idea 46. A. dissatisfied B. astonished C. determined D. discouraged 47. A. done B. accepted C. advised D. admitted 48. A. supported B. followed C. required D. opposed 49. A. usually B. finally C. possibly D. hopefully 50. A. study B. research C. graduate D. progress 51. A. wrote B. translated C. copied D. read 52. A. enough B. some C. many D. few 53. A. However B. Although C. When D. Since

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