(译林版)[高中英语必修一]Unit 1 School life

Ⅰ.高考单词→识记·思考·运用

1．核心词汇

①________ adj.一般的，普通的

②________ n．难事；斗争；努力v i.奋斗，努力；挣扎

③________ adj.额外的，外加的

④________ n．& v t.交换；交流

⑤________ n．负责，掌管v t.使承担责任；收费；控告，起诉

⑥experience n．经历；经验v t.经历，体验→________ adj.有经验的

⑦respect n．& v t.尊敬，敬重→________ adj.表示敬意的，尊敬的→__________ adj.值得尊敬的；体面的

⑧devote v t.致力于；献身→________ n．奉献；忠诚；专心→__________ adj.

忠诚的，全心全意的

⑨________ adj.具有挑战性的→challenge n．& v t.挑战

⑩________ n．[U]鼓励，促进；[C]鼓励的话或行为→encourage v t.鼓励，激励→__________ adj.受到鼓舞的→__________ adj.令人鼓舞的

?________ n．满意→satisfy v t.使满意→__________ adj.感到满意的→__________ adj.令人满意的

?fluent adj.流利的，流畅的→________ ad v.流利地；流畅地→__________ n．(语言的)流利，流畅

?donate v t.捐赠，捐献→________ n．捐赠，捐献

?________ n．准备，筹备→prepare v t.& v i.准备→__________ adj.准备好的

答案①average②struggle ③extra④exchange⑤charge ⑥experienced ⑦respectful；respectable⑧devotion；devoted ⑨challenging⑩encouragement；encouraged；encouraging?satisfaction；satisfied；satisfying?fluently；fluency ?donation?preparation；prepared

2．常考词汇

①literature n．________

②sculpture n．________

③surf v i.________

④academic adj.________

⑤dynasty n．________

⑥literary adj.________

答案①文学②雕像，雕塑③冲浪④学业的，学术的⑤朝代，王朝

⑥文学的

用所给单词的适当形式填空

1．Because a college community(群体) differs form the family，many students ________ (struggle) to find a sense of belonging.(2016·北京，阅读D)

2．We are all well ________ (prepare) for the coming NMET.

3．He returned to the supermarket and ________(exchange) the blue coat for a red one. 4．It’s said that he ________ (charge) with murder last week.

5．He had many interesting ________(experience) while travelling in Africa. 6．Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who ________(challenge) you to be better while loving you for who you are.(2016·北京，阅读D)

7．“Large collections of personal ________ (inform)have become valuable only recently，” he says.(2016·上海，阅读C)

8．Not until recently did they ________ (courage) the development of tourists-related activities in the rural areas.(2016·江苏，34)

9．The old should ________(respect) anytime and anywhere.

10．His life is a ________ (devote) one，for which we all respect him.

11．The work is ________ (challenge) but rewarding.

12．What ________ (satisfy) us most was his perseverance.

13．We are all surprised at his ________ (fluent) of English.

14．A lot of money ________(donate) to the flood-hit area immediately after the serious floods.

答案 1.will struggle 2.prepared 3.exchanged 4.was charged 5.experiences https://www.wendangku.net/doc/da7817511.html,rmation 8．encourage9.be respected10.devoted 11.challenging12.satisfied 13．fluency14.was donated

【联想·积累】

?由average想到的

①平均价格an average price

②一般用户average users

③普通家庭ordinary families

④常识common sense

⑤正常工作时间normal working hours

?含-pect单词集中记

①expect v t.期待；期望

②inspect v t.视察；检查

③respect n．& v t.尊敬，尊重

④suspect n．& v t.怀疑；嫌疑犯

⑤aspect n．方面；层面

⑥prospect n．前景；希望

?变性后缀-ing单词一览

①challenging 挑战性的

②including 包括……在内

③demanding 费力的；要求高的

④promising 有前途的

⑤missing 失踪的；下落不明的

?盘点含后缀-al的名词

①arrival 到达

②survival 幸存

③proposal 提议

④musical 音乐剧

⑤approval 赞成，同意

⑥refusal 拒绝

?含否定前缀in-的形容词集锦

①informal 非正式的

②inexact不准确的

③insecure 不安全的

④indirect 间接的

⑤inactive 不活跃的

⑥incorrect 不正确的

⑦injustice 不公正的

⑧incapable 无能力的

开心词场→核心单词串记

Paul is an independent student.He prefers that kind of jobs which require challenge.After graduation，he struggled to be an exchange student.He devoted himself to selecting information from experienced people.The other day，he attended a donation ceremony after a long preparation.To his satisfaction，he earned respect from everyone else.

Ⅱ.重点短语→识记·思考·运用

1．介词短语

①________example 例如

②________ the end of 在……结束时

③________ free 免费

④________ charge of 负责，掌管

⑤________ satisfaction 满意地

答案①for ②at③for④in⑤with

2．动词＋副词或介词

①get________ 起床，起来

②sound ________ 听上去像

③________ to 过去经常……

答案①up②like③used

3．动词＋……＋介词

①look back ________ 回顾

②come up ________ 提出

③be happy ________ 对……满意

④devote oneself ________ 献身于，致力于，专心于

⑤be fond ________ 喜欢，喜爱

⑥make use ________ 利用

⑦become used ________ 变得习惯于

答案①on②with③with④to⑤of⑥of⑦to 4．其他

①than ________ 比平常

②as ________ as 和，也，和……一样好

③first ________ all 首先

④all year ________一年到头

⑤________than 多于；不仅仅，不只是

答案①usual②well③of④round ⑤more

用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空

1．When my father ________ his schooldays，he became very happy and excited. 2．Nurses ________ themselves ________ the care of the sick.

3．One of the first things Maxime ________ do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track.(2016·江苏，阅读D)

4．The boss ________ her achievements in the work.

5．Not all children ________ English Literature，so give them chances to choose their favourite subjects to learn.

6．What time do you ________ in the morning?

7．Sanya ________ a great place for a winter holiday.

8．So scientists have ________ a shocking idea.(2016·北京，阅读C)

答案 1.looked back on 2.devote；to 3．used to 4.was happy with 5.are fond of 6.get up7.sounds like 8．come up with

【联想·积累】

?“in＋名词＋of”短语大荟萃

①in charge of 负责；掌管

②in honor of 向……表达敬意

③in case of 万一；以防

④in defense of 保卫

⑤in search of 寻找

⑥in need of 需要

⑦in place of 代替

⑧in favor of 赞成；支持

⑨in memory of 为纪念……

?“v.＋sb＋of＋sth”短语随手包

①inform sb of sth 通知某人某事

②remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事

③rob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物

④suspect sb of sth 怀疑某人某事

⑤accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事

⑥warn sb of sth 警告某人某事

⑦cure sb of sth 治愈某人某病

⑧convince sb of sth 使某人信服某事

Ⅲ.经典句式→识记·思考·运用

原句背诵感悟

1．Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.

在英国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。

2．We also had different students in some classes，so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.上某些课的时候，班上的同学也不一样，所以对我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字可是一件难事。

3．The more choices you have，the better your decisions will be.

你的选择越多，你的决定就越好。

4．I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana.我在一个名叫黛安娜的女孩身旁坐了下来。

5．I found that the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school. 我发现这里布置的家庭作业不像我以前在原来学校时那么繁重。

6．Upon finishing his studies，he started travelling in China.

学习一结束，他就开始游历中国。

句型公式仿写

1．动名词作主语

____________，as everyone knows，does harm to health.

众所周知，过量饮酒有害于健康。

2．it作形式主语

____________ for the Chinese Women V olleyball Team ____________ a gold medal in the 31st Summer Olympic Games.

对于中国女排来说，获得第31届夏季奥运会金牌是一个巨大的成功。

3．the＋比较级，the＋比较级

____________ you work，____________ you will make.

你工作越努力，进步就越大。

4．whose引导的定语从句

I like the book ____________ is red.

我喜欢那本封面是红色的书。

5．what引导的名词性从句

He is not ____________ he used to be.他已经不再是原来的他了。

6．Upon doing... “一……就……”

____________ from abroad，he got down to his work.他从国外一回来，就立即投入到工作中了。

答案 1.Drinking too much 2.It is a great success；to win 3.The harder；the greater progress 4.whose cover 5．what 6.Upon his getting back

【联想·积累】

it作形式主语的常见句型

(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary，important，natural等)＋主语从句

(2)It＋be＋名词词组(a fact，a pity，a shame，an honor，a question等)＋主语从句

(3)It＋be＋过去分词(announced，believed，expected，reported，said等)＋主语从句

(4)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen等)＋主语从句

(5)It＋be＋形容词(easy，difficult，hard，important，possible等)＋for sb＋动词不定式

(6)It＋be＋形容词(kind，nice stupid，clever，foolish，polite，impolite，silly，selfish，considerate等)＋of sb＋动词不定式

(7)It＋be＋名词或形容词(good，no good，no use，a waste of time，useless等)＋动名词

[单词点睛]

1．exchange vt.更换；交换；交流；兑换n．[C]& [U]交换，更换；交流；[U]外汇；(外汇)兑换；[C]交易所

exchange...for以……交换……

exchange...with和……交换……

in exchange (for)作为(对……的)交换

介、副词填空/单项填空

①The Internet enables us to exchange ideas ________ many others to check our claims，and to judge our actions.(2016·江苏，任务型阅读)

②If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you，you can easily exchange it ________ any other course that we offer.(2012·北京，阅读A)

③General Manager of https://www.wendangku.net/doc/da7817511.html, announced that viewers could watch shows and movies for free ________ watching advertising.

A．in charge of B．in favor of

C．in case of D．in exchange for

答案①with②for

③D[句意：沃尔玛网站的总经理宣布观众可以通过观看广告换取免费看演出和电影。in exchange for“作为……的交换”；in charge of “负责”，in favor of “支持，赞同”；in case of “假使”。]

2．charge vt.& vi.收费；控诉；充电n．费用；主管

(1)charge sb for sth收费，要价

charge sb with (doing) sth指控/指责某人做某事

(2)in charge of主管，负责

in the charge of...由……负责/掌管

take charge of主管，负责

(3)free of charge 免费

介、副词填空/单项填空

①She charged him ________ stealing her car.

②Soon he will take charge ________ the department.

③Do you think museums should charge ________ admission?

④Lawyers often make higher ________ for their work than they should.

A．bills B．charges C．prices D．costs

答案①with②of③for

④B[句意：律师经常收取的费用比他们应得的还要高。make charges for “对……收(费)；索(价)”。]

3．experience n．[U]经验；体验；感受[C]经历；阅历vt.体验；感受；经历(1)by experience 通过经验

experience in...……的经验

from experience 从经验中

of experience 有经验的

(2)experienced adj.有经验的；有见识的；熟练的

be experienced at/in... 在……方面有经验

单项填空/写作句式训练

①—Guess what，w e’v e got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer. —How nice! You ________ a different culture then.

A．will be experiencing B．have experienced

C．have been experiencing D．will have experienced

②Mr.Wang，who is ______________，is friendly to us.

王老师对我们很友好，他是一位拥有20年教龄的教师。

答案①A[experience “经历”。结合语境并由第二句中的then可知，应为将来进行时。故选A项。]

②a teacher of 20 year s’ teaching experience

4．encourage vt.鼓励；支持；促进

encourage sb by doing sth 通过做某事鼓励某人

encourage sb in sth 在某方面鼓励某人

encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人去做某事

encourage sb with sth 通过某种方式鼓励某人

单项填空/写作句式训练

①My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills. A．for me taking B．me taking

C．for me to take D．me to take

②Not only do they offer us joy and excitement，but also ______________ critically.(2014·浙江，书面表达)

他们不仅给我们带来快乐与兴奋，还鼓励我们进行批判式思考。

答案①D[encourage sb to do sth “鼓励某人做某事”，所以D正确。]

②encourage us to think

encouraged adj.受到鼓舞的

encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的

encouragement n．鼓励

[妙语助记]Our Chinese teacher encouraged us with his encouraging words，and all of us were greatly encouraged by his encouragement.

我们语文老师用他令人鼓舞的语言鼓励我们，我们都被他的鼓励深深地鼓舞了。5．donate vt.捐赠；赠送

(1)donate sth to sb/sth向某人/事捐献某物

(2)donation n．捐献；捐赠；捐款，捐赠物

give/make/present a donation to...为……捐赠

send a donation to...把捐款寄至……

用所给词的适当形式填空/单项填空

①There is no risk of getting AIDS when ________(donate) blood.

②They used ________(donate) large sum of money to the Red Cross every year.

③Charities appealed for ________(donate) of food and clothing for victims of the hurricane.

④A local woman has given her nine-month baby a second life by ________ part of her liver on Sunday.

A．distributing B．giving

C．supplying D．donating

答案①donating②to donate③donations

④D[句意：星期天，当地一位妇女通过捐赠自己的部分肝脏给了她九个月大的宝宝第二次生命。supply “供应(所需要，所要求的)”；distribute “分配，散发”；give “给予”，为一般词汇，一般接双宾语；donate “捐赠”。]

6．prepare v．准备

(1)in preparation for为……作准备

make preparations for为……作准备

(2)prepare v t.准备；预备；筹备；把……准备好；使有准备；为……做准备v i.预备；做准备

prepare for为……做准备

prepare sb for sth使某人对某事有准备

be/get prepared有准备；打算

单项填空/写作句式训练

①Every morning he received bread ________ from the best flour.

A．prepared B．worked

C．done D．prepared for

②I t’s of great importance for me ___________________________________________ the final exam last week.(2013·山东，书面表达)

对我来说，上周为期末考试做充分准备是非常重要的。

③I immediately went to get her some medicine and then ______________．(2013·北京，情景作文)

我马上去给她拿了些药，然后为她做了些面条。

答案①A[由句意可知，空白处应为“调制，配制”，故应用prepared作后置定语。]

②to make full preparations for③prepared some noodles for her

7．inform vt.告诉；通知

(1)inform sb of sth告诉某人某事；通知某人某事

keep sb informed (of) 使某人随时了解……

be well informed about sth对某事十分了解

(2)information n．[U]通知；情报；信息

collect/gather information 搜集情报

a piece of information 一则消息

单项填空/写作句式训练

①I do n’t believe what you said，but if you can prove it，you may be able to ________ me.

A．convince B．inform C．guarantee D．refuse

②It is a great honour for me ____________________ relevant to the local life.

对我来说，很荣幸给你们讲一些与当地生活有关的信息。

答案①A[句意：我不相信你的话，不过你若能拿出证据，或许能够说服我。convince使信服；inform通知；guarantee保证；refuse拒绝。]

②to tell you some information

8．respect vt.尊重；遵守；重视；尊敬；敬重n．[U]尊敬；尊重；(常用复数)敬意；问候；[C]关系；方面

win/earn one’s respect＝earn respect from sb赢得某人的尊重

have/show respect for sb尊敬某人

respect sb for (doing) sth因为(做)某事而尊敬某人

in respect of sth/with respect to sth关于某事；就某事而言

单项填空/写作句式训练

①I have a great ________ and admiration for my former English teacher. A．passion B．dislike C．respecting D．respect

②No matter how ordinary a job is，it plays a part in society and therefore ________________．(2013·广东)

无论这份工作多么普通，它在我们社会中起作用，因此应得到我们应有的尊重。答案①D[句意：我对我从前的英语老师非常敬重和钦佩。passion “强烈的感情或激情”；dislike “不喜欢”；respecting是介词，表示“关于，由于”；respect “尊敬；敬重”。]

②deserves our due respect

9．challenge n．挑战；邀请比赛；盘问；质疑v．向……挑战；盘问；质疑challenge sb to sth 邀请……进行比赛

challenge sb on sth 在某事上对某人提出质疑

challenging adj. 有挑战性的

写出下列句子中加黑词的含义/单项填空

①This was Hye r’s last fight，for no one else challenged him.

②The guards challenged the stranger at the gates.

③He challenged why I did n’t get things ready before.

④Finding information in toda y’s world is easy.The ________ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.

A．ability B．competition

C．challenge D．knowledge

答案①挑战②查问③质疑/质问

④C[后句句意：挑战是你如何辨别你所获取的信息是否有用。ability “能力”；competition “比赛”；challenge “挑战”；knowledge “知识”。] 10．approve vt.批准；认可；通过vi.赞成；赞同

approve of 赞成；同意

approval n．[C] & [U]赞成；同意；批准

without approval未经许可

give one’s approval to同意；批准

【特别提醒】

(1)approve表示“赞成；同意”时，是不及物动词，若后接宾语，要借助介词of。

(2)不要将汉语的“赞成某人做某事”直译成approve sb to do...或在其后跟that从句，可改用approve of sb’s doing sth。

(3)approval作“赞成”、“认可”解时，后面常接of短语，不接动词不定式。

写出下列句子中加黑词的含义/单项填空

①Last of all，the chief editor read it and approved it.

②She does n’t want to take her new boyfriend home in case her parents do n’t approve of him.

③A survey done recently shows that not all parents ________ their children taking part in the weekend classes.

A．escape B．lead to

C．imagine D．approve of

答案①批准②赞成

③D[句意：最近的一项调查表明，并非所有的父母都赞成孩子参加周末补习班。approve of “赞成；支持”，符合句意。escape “逃跑；避开”；lead to “导致，通向”；imagine “想象”。]

1．satisfied：pleased，content

2．select：choose，elect，pick out

3．earn：get，gain

4．run：operate

5．experience：go through

[短语点拨]

1．be/get used to (doing)sth习惯于(做)某事

Canadian singer and song writer，Alanis Morissette，is used to being in the public eye.加拿大歌唱家及词曲家阿兰妮斯·莫里塞特习惯了公开露面。

【易混辨析】used to do/be used to (doing)sth/be used to do

(1)used to do sth意为“过去常常做某事”。

(2)be used to (doing)sth意为“习惯于(做)某事”。

(3)be used to do sth意为“被用来做某事”。

用所给词的适当形式填空/单项填空

①What solution can be used ________ (fill)in the gaps?

②Growing up in the country，he is used to ________ (get) up early.

③Neither she nor her brother used to ________ (play)out with other local children.

④In my opinion，life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ________．A．that used to be B．it is used to

C．it was used to D．it used to be

答案①to fill②getting③play

④D[句意：在我看来，21世纪的生活比过去方便得多。used to “过去常常”，其后的系动词be不能省略。]

【特别提醒】

(1)used的否定式为used not或didn’t use，一般疑问句可用used开头，也可用did 开头。

(2)used to不可以与时间段连用，但可以与过去确定的时间状语连用。

2．look back on/at回忆；回顾

As I look back on that day now，it surely lacks any sense of reality.(2012·北京，完形) 现在当我回忆那一天时，那件事确实缺乏真实感。

look after照顾

look down on/upon轻视；看不起

look forward to (doing)sth盼望/期待(做)某事

look into观察；调查

look through浏览；仔细查看

look up to尊敬；仰视

look up 查字典；向上看

单项填空/写作句式训练

①—Why is that old man smiling?

—Perhaps he is ________ his childhood.

A．looking into B．looking back on

C．looking ahead D．looking through

②____________，I feel I would n’t be able to ride a bike had I lost heart.(2014·安徽，书面表达)

回顾过去，我感觉如果当时失去信心的话，我现在就不会骑自行车了。

答案①B[答语句意：或许他在回忆自己的童年。look back on “回忆”。]

②Looking back

3．devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于

Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild.(2016·北京，阅读B)

邻居们把他们的业余时间投入到帮助其他人重建。

(1)devote oneself to献身，致力于，专心

devote one’s energy/time/attention to (doing) sth奉献精力/时间/注意力于(做)某事(2)devoted adj.忠实的，深爱的

be devoted to深爱，致力于

(3)devotion n．关爱，关照；奉献，忠诚

用所给词的适当形式填空/单项填空

①He devoted his spare time to ________(read)novels.

②________ (devote)himself to helping the poor，he deserved the prize he had got.

③After her marriage，she could n’t devote ________ (her)totally to her music.

④The time he has devoted in the past 10 years ________ the disabled is now considered ________ of great value.

A．to help；being B．to helping；to be

C．to help；to be D．helping；being

答案①reading②Devoting③herself

④B[devote...to doing sth为固定用法；be considered to be...也为固定用法。] 4．make use of利用……

We might as well make use of the hote l’s facilities.

我们倒不如利用旅馆的设施。

come into use开始被使用

put to use使用；利用

in use在使用着

(be)of use有用的

It/There is no use doing sth做某事没有用/意义

用所给词的适当形式填空/单项填空

①I t’s no use ________ (complain)without taking action.

②The class time should be made good use of ________ (help)students understand and grasp the tex t’s focus on content.

③Good use of the weekend should be ________ to relax yourself after the five day s’ hard work.

A．made B．put C．paid D．found

答案①complaining②to help

③A[考查make good use of sth的被动形式。]

5．more than多于；不仅仅；非常；岂止

Their report is more than just a survey.

他们的报告不仅仅是一份调查。

more...than...与其说……，倒不如说……

not more than不多于

no more than仅仅

no＋比较级＋than...前者和后者都不……(两者的否定)

单项填空/写作句式训练

①If you let pressure benefit ________ upset you，much more can be accomplished than you thought.

A．more than B．rather than

C．other than D．less than

②I admire Edison a lot because of his great contribution to the world，________________．

我崇拜爱迪生是因为他对世界的巨大贡献，他有1 000多种发明。

答案①B[句意：如果你让压力使你受益而不是使你不安，你会获得比你想象得多的多。rather than “而不是”，用于连接平行结构，符合句意。]

②who had more than 1，000 inventions

[句式透析]

1．The more choices you have，the better your decisions will be.你的选择越多，你的决定就越好。

(1)此句型意为“越……就越……”，表示主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。

(2)第一个“the ＋比较级”相当于表示条件的状语从句，后一个“the ＋比较级”相当于主句，在表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。

(3)第二个“the＋比较级”中可用倒装结构。

用所给词的适当形式填空/单项填空

①The ________ (much)you learn and the more you try，the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.(2014·全国Ⅱ，七选五)

②The more you practice something，the ________ (good)at it you will become.(2016·天津，阅读表达)

③In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go，________．

A．our holiday will be better

B．our holiday will be the better

C．the better our holiday will be

D．the better will our holiday be

答案①more②better

③C[该句属于“the more...，the more...”句型，且第二部分应用陈述语序。] 2．Upon finishing his studies，he started travelling in China.

学习一结束，他就开始游历中国。

(1)on/upon ＋名词/动名词，意为“一……就……”，相当于as soon as 引导的时间状语从句。

(2)“at ＋名词”也可表示“一……就……”。

at the thought of一想到……

at the mention of一提到……

at the sight/sound of...一看/听到……

单项填空/按要求改写句子

①________ on my computer，I found an e-mail from my penfriend，________ me to spend the summer holiday in his city.

A．Upon turning；invited

B．Upon turning；inviting

C．When having turned；to invite

D．After having turned；inviting

②As soon as he arrived at Beijing，he called me.

____________________________________________________________(on doing) ___________________________________________________________(on ＋名词) ③The moment he graduated from college，he was sent to the west.

____________________________________________________________(on doing) ___________________________________________________________(on ＋名词) 答案①B[第一空为upon＋doing...结构，意为：一……就……；第二空为动词-ing形式作非限制性定语，和e-mail构成逻辑上的主谓关系。]

②On arriving at Beijing，he called me.

On his arrival at Beijing，he called me.

③On graduating from college，he was sent to the west.

On his graduation from college，he was sent to the west.

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