施心远主编《听力教程》3-(第2版)Unit-9答案

施心远主编《听力教程》3-(第2版)Unit-9答案

Section One

Part 1

Spot Dictation

Celebrations in Australia, Asia Ring in 2010 One of the first major cities to celebrate the beginning of 2010 was Sydney, Australia. More than a million people gathered along the Sydney harbor to watch the city's annual fireworks show, set to booming rock music.

Hours before midnight people arrived at Harbor Bridge to stake out good seats for the 12-minute display. This year's show involved more than5,000 kilograms of explosive devices.

Other cities around Asia and the Pacific region celebrated with fireworks, such as Kuala Lumpur and Hong Kong.

In other places people marked the New Year without fireworks.

Millions in Japan prayed at shrines for good fortune in 2010.

In Seoul, South Korea, a giant bell was rung.

In China's capital, signs around Beijing cautioned not to light fireworks within the heart of the city on New Year's Eve.

This did not seem to bother Beijing residents, who say the Lunar New Year is their traditional time to celebrate with fireworks. This year that holiday is in mid-February.

Many young people were at bars and clubs in Beijing until the early hours of the morning. Still others had to work on New Year's Eve. As late-night revelers waited in the cold for a scarce cab, two men unloaded a truck at a bakery on Worker's Stadium Road. One of them said he hoped for good health for his parents in the New Year. His coworker said he hoped to spend the Lunar New Year with family at his home in nearby Shandong province.

Listening for Gist

Unlike air travel, which is regulated internationally, rail travel is in many cases controlled nationally. The degree of safety of rail travel is therefore highly variable from country to country, depending on the degree of regulation and the quality of regulation in the country concerned. In Britain and the United States rail passenger deaths work out at an average of less than 10 rail passenger deaths per year. Unfortunately, the rail passenger deaths per year statistics in the less developed parts of the world are considerably higher than the rail passenger deaths per year statistics are in the western world.

In the UK over the last 25 years, there has been an average of one train accident for every million miles run. Because individual trains carry such a large number of passengers compared with the number of passengers carried in cars, buses and planes, this actually means that the degree of risk is, comparatively, one which is almost non-existent.

By far the greatest cause of railway accidents is human error, either in controlling or responding to signals. Recent improvements in the numbers of accidents are in large measure due to the introduction of automatic and computerized signaling equipment. Radio communication systems between drivers and control centers have also proved influential in reducing accidents. With the continuing development of radio communication systems and automatic signaling systems we can look forward to further reductions in what are already impressively low accident rates.

Directions: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.

1. This passage is about rail travel safety.

2. The key words are highly variable. degree and quality of regulation: Britain and the United States. Less than 10 rail passenger deaths per year: less developed parts. Higher: UK. Last 25 years. One train accident for every million miles run: cause. Human error: automatic. Computerized signaling. Radio communication systems. Reduce accidents.

Section Two

Listening Comprehension

Part 1 Dialogue

Adolescence

Interviewer: So, you say Eric's what you'd consider pretty strict but pretty fair? So, for example, when he tells you to do Interviewer: something

Jora: Well, he's strict and I get angry when he doesn't want me to do stuff. But afterwards I can almost always see why he said it, y'know?

Interviewer: Yeah.

Jora: And there's only a couple of incidents where, well, that were totally,

y'know, that I didn't understand at all.

Interviewer: Hmm. Not a bad record.

Eric: No. Vh, 'cos I'm sure I've made some mistakes.

Interviewer: Is ... how would you compare your mom? Is she less strict than your dad? Mm-hmm. Well, she's less strict, but it's, it's like I can't win, y'know? The stuff that my dad's not strict about, my mom's strict about, and· the stuff that my mom's not strict about, my dad is. And, well, like my dad doesn't let me see PG-13* or R movies, but my mom does. She, well, she rents R-rated* movies, and lets me watch them and all, but my dad won't even let me see PG-13.

Eric: Well, uh, that's not really true. It depends on what it is. My rule with

PG-13 is either I've had to have seen it first or, you know, talked to someone who I trust ... who's seen it.

Interviewer: So, your mom's looser about movies. Uh, what's she stricter about? Jora: Chores, junk food, buying me specific things -

Interviewer: When you say buying you things, do you mean-

Jora: Like when we go to the store.

Interviewer: She doesn't want to pay for them?

Jora: She doesn't want to pay for things. She wants me to buy my own friends' presents, you know, stuff like that

Interviewer: So, do you get an allowance?

Jora: Yeah, I do.

Interviewer: So, Jora, what do you think about your dad? Do you think he's a pretty good dad? I mean, how does he compare with your friends' fathers? Jora: Urn, my dad is very strict, but he's ... he's .. , he's pretty good. He ... he's very nice and he lets me do just enough so I don't get too angry.

Directions: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

l.T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6.F 7. T 8. T

Part 2 Passage

A Brief History of Banking

When did the first banks appear? The first bankers lived more than 2,000 years ago. They were money changers, situated usually at a table or in a small shop in the commercial district, aiding travelers who came to the town by exchanging foreign coins for local money or discounting commercial notes for a fee in order to supply merchants with working capital.

The first bankers probably used their own capital to fund their activities, but it wasn't long before the idea of attracting deposits and securing temporary loans from wealthy customers became an important source of bank funding. Loans were then made to merchants, shippers, and landowners, at rates of interest as low as 6 percent per annum to as high as 48 percent a month for the riskiest ventures! Most of the early banks of any size were Greek in origin.

The banking industry gradually spread outward from the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome into northern and western Europe. Banking encountered religious opposition during the Middle Ages, primarily because loans made to the poor often carried high interest rates. However, as the Renaissance began in Europe, the bulk of bank loans and deposits involved relatively wealthy customers, which helped to reduce religious opposition to banking practices.

The development of new overland trade routes and improvements in navigation in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries gradually shifted the center of

world commerce from the Mediterranean region toward Europe and the British Isles, where banking became a leading industry. The Industrial Revolution demanded a well-developed financial system. In particular, the adoption of mass production methods required a corresponding expansion in global trade to absorb industrial output, requiring new methods for making payments and credit available. Banks that could deliver on these needs grew rapidly.

The early banks in Europe were places for safekeeping of valuable items (such as gold and silver bullion) as people came to fear loss of their assets due to war, theft, or expropriation by government. In England during the reigns of Henry VIII and Charles I, government efforts to seize private holdings of gold and silver resulted in people depositing their valuables in goldsmiths' shops, who, in turn, would issue tokens* or certificates, indicating that the customer had made a deposit at these businesses. Soon, goldsmith tokens or certificates began to circulate as money because they were more convenient and less risky to carry around. The goldsmiths also offered certification of value services - what we today might call property appraisals*. Customers would bring in valuables to have an expert certify that these items were indeed real and not fakes - a service many banks still provide their customers.

When colonies were established in North and South America, Old World banking practices were transferred to the New World. As the 19th century began, state governments in the United States began chartering* banking companies. The development of large, professionally managed banking firms was centered in a few leading commercial centers, especially New York. The federal government became a major force in US banking during Civil War.

A: Pre-listening Question

A bank is, actually, a business organization, usually a limited company, which trades mainly in money, receiving and holding deposits and paying sums out of them by order of the customer, lending money at interest, discounting bills of exchange, moving from one place to another, acting as customer's agent in buying and selling securities, serving as trustee or executor, and performing various extra services for customers, e.g. arranging travel and insurance and advising on tax and investment.

B: Sentence Dictation

Direction: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear

each sentence three times.

1. Situated usually at a table or in a small shop in the commercial district, the bankers aided travelers who came to the town by exchanging foreign coins for local money.

2.It wasn't long before the idea of attracting deposits and securing

temporary loans from wealthy customers became an important source of bank funding.

3.The banking industry gradually spread outward from the classical

civilizations of Greece and Rome into northern and western Europe.

4.The early banks in Europe were places for safekeeping of valuable items

as people came to fear loss of their assets due to war, theft, or expropriation by government.

5.As the 19th century began, the development of large, professionally

managed banking firms was centered in a few leading commercial centers, especially New York.

C: Detailed Listening

Directions: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

l. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. B

D: After-listening Discussion

Directions: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.

The early banks in Europe were places for safekeeping of valuable items (such as gold and silver bullion) as people came to fear loss of their assets due to war, theft, or expropriation by government. In England during the reigns of Henry VIII and Charles I, government efforts to seize private holdings of gold and silver resulted in people depositing their valuables in goldsmiths' shops, who, in turn, would issue tokens or certificates, indicating that the customer had made a deposit at these businesses. Soon, goldsmith tokens or certificates began to circulate as money because they were more convenient and less risky to carry around. The goldsmiths also offered certification of value services - what we today might call property appraisals. Customers would bring in valuables to have an expert certify that these items were indeed real and not fakes - a service many banks still provide their customers.

Section Three News

News Item 1

Greenland Ice Sheet

A US Space Agency study finds that Greenland is melting around the edges. The loss to the world's second largest ice sheet - more than 50 cubic kilometers per year - is enough to raise global sea level by 0.13 millimeters. NASA scientist Bill Krabill says the data indicates a process of change that does not immediately threaten coastal regions.

"The more important thing is to consider it as a signal of global climate change and to monitor it in case it starts to accelerate."

Eighty-five percent of Greenland is covered by ice and is more accessible for scientific study than Antarctica, which is under the world's largest ice sheet.

"Greenland, the way it's positioned - much more north south, and the southern tip of Greenland protrudes into the more temperate* latitudes* - it may react much quicker to global climate change than Antarctica does."

A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.

This news item is about the rapid thinning of the ice sheet on Greenland. B: Directions: Listen to the news again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

1.F

2.F

3.T

4.T

5.T

News Item 2

Cooling Antarctica

A new study says Antarctica, the southernmost continent, has cooled measurably in recent years. The findings are a departure from global trends that show significant warming during the last century.

University of Chicago Professor Pete~ Doran monitors the pulse* of Antarctica. He and other researchers have plotted* climate trends in the region. They are working with data from weather stations in Antarctica's Dry Valleys, a perpetually snow-free, mountainous zone, and from stations across the continent.

Their records show a decrease by 0.7 degrees Celsius per decade in the Dry Valleys since 1986 and a similar cooling trend across the continent since 1978.

Doran said, "Antarctica is somewhat isolated because there is a big ocean current* that constantly circles around the continent and actually sort of isolates it, and that's what makes it cold. And, that may be a factor in why we are seeing Antarctica cooling is that slight disconnect from the rest of the globe, and it's not behaving in the same way."

A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.

This news item is about the result of a new study that suggests Antarctic cooling. B: Directions: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions.

1. A new study says Antarctica, the southernmost continent, has cooled measurably in recent years.

2. Professor Peter Doran and other researchers have plotted climate trends in the region.

3. Antarctica's Dry Valleys is a perpetually snow-free, mountainous zone.

4. The records show a decrease by 0.7 degrees Celsius per decade in the Dry Valleys since 1986 and a similar cooling trend across the continent since 1978.

5. There is a big ocean current that constantly circles around the continent, so Antarctica is somewhat isolated from the rest of the globe, and does not behave in the same way.

News Item 3

Climate Change

The UN study predicts global temperatures will increase by nearly six degrees Celsius during this century. It says this will lead to increased flooding, drought, a rise in sea levels, and other climatic effects.

What’s more, it says all regions of the world will suffer adverse effects of climate change. The panel's co-chairman, James McCarthy, says some plant and mammals will be irreversibly damaged; others will become extinct.

Mr. McCarthy says millions of people will be made homeless in low-lying countries such as Bangladesh because of sea level rise. Some islands will disappear completely. Economic losses will be incalculable

In addition, the report says crop and water loss will lead to more famine in dry areas of the world, such as Africa.

A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary

This news item is about a study report on the dangers of global warming. B: Directions: Listen to the news again and complete the following outline.

Global Warming

Global temperatures increase

A. Global temperatures will increase by nearly six degrees Celsius.

II. Unfavorable effects

A. Increased flooding, drought with crop and water loss

a. Some plants and mammals will be irreversibly damaged or become extinct.

b. More famine in dry areas of the world, such as Africa.

B. A rise in sea levels, and other climatic effects

a)Millions of people will become homeless in low-lying countries such as Bangladesh.

b)Some islands will disappear completely.

c)Economic losses will be incalculable.

Section Four Supplementary Exercises

Section Four

Part 1 Feature Report

New Data Show Ice Loss in Greenland Accelerating Without an agreement that reduces climate changing emissions, coastal communities around the world are at risk of rising sea levels. New data confirm the Greenland ice sheet is losing mass at an accelerating rate. The calculations, based on state-of-the-art satellite observations combined with computer models of Greenland's changing icescape, are further evidence, scientists say, of the impact of global warming.

The calculations are considered the most reliable to date because they combine data from the twin Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellites, known as GRACE, with computer models of Greenland's changing icescape. GRACE detects alterations in gravity caused by reductions in the ice sheet. But the calculations do not tell scientists what is causing the ice cap to shrink, says Michiel van den Broeke, a professor of polar meteorology at Utrecht University

in the Netherlands. Van den Broeke and colleagues created a model he says indicates the formation of icebergs and melting ice play equal roles in reducing the size of the Greenland Ice Sheet.

The study by van den Broeke and colleagues traces the beginning of Greenland's ice loss to 1996. Some experts believe if current trends continue, global sea levels will rise by a meter or more by the end of the century. Steve Nerem, a professor of aerospace engineering sciences at the University of Colorado in Boulder says that is why it is important to refine predictions of what the Greenland Ice Sheet is going to do.

If the entire Greenland ice sheet were to melt, Nerem says it contains enough water to cause a global sea-level rise of seven meters. For low-lying countries to prepare, Nerem says, scientists need to know how quickly the Greenland ice mass is melting.

"If the meter in sea level rise were to happen very rapidly, say in 50 years, it will be very hard to build the infrastructure, you know the dykes – and the other things to hold back the water –quickly enough to prevent the inundation that would occur with a meter of sea-level rise. If it were to take hundreds of years, then that would probably be enough time for populated areas to build the protections that they need to combat this."

A: Directions: listen to the news report and complete the summary.

This news report is about the Greenland ice sheet losing mass at an accelerating rate.

B: Directions: listen to the news report again and answer the following questions.

1.Coastal communities around the world are at risk of rising sea levels.

2.GRACE stands for Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment.

3.Because they combine data from the twin Gravity Recovery and Climate

Experiment satellites, known as GRACE, with computer models of

Greenland's changing icescape.

4.The formation of icebergs and melting ice play equal roles in reducing

the size of the Greenland Ice Sheet.

5.Nerem says it contains enough water to cause a global sea-level rise of

seven meters.

Part 2 passage

Pandas

The giant pandas' prospects are better now than in the recent past. New insights into behavior, diet and physiology offer hope that we may be able to protect and breed these animals more effectively.

Pandas are exceedingly elusive. Pandas are natural vagrants, unsociable and eccentric. There has been considerable debate over the evolution of pandas. Some experts have thought that they descended from raccoons*. Others believe they share a common ancestor with the bear, but evolved independently.

The animals could once be found in much of southern and eastern China, as well as parts of Southeast Asia. And though the panda's range has steadily shrunk, its habits are unaltered. The panda's routine is indeed a bum's life, spent wandering from one bad meal to another and bedding down in the nearest dark corner. Although pandas can swim and climb trees, they spend most of their time seeking out and chewing bamboo.

Pandas have been known to eat chicken and honey when bamboo is in short supply. But in the wild, bamboo is their primary fare. And because it is such a poor source of nutrition and hard for them to digest, pandas must eat prodigious amounts. Pandas consume about 30 pounds of bamboo a day. On this monotonous diet, they attain weights of up to 250 pounds.

They make a variety of sounds: bleating, chirping, huffing, snorting and even barking like a dog if startled. At about age five, the female, smaller than the male, will moan, signaling she is receptive. Her call is often answered by as many as three or four males.

In late August or September, after a gestation period estimated at 90 to 160 days, the female gives birth. Her litter often consists of two mouse-size newborns covered in sparse white hair, through which their pink skin shows. But she is likely to focus on a single cub - not necessarily the healthier - and let the other die. The baby is cared for in a cave or hollow tree that the female has lined with bamboo twigs. The mother assumes sole responsibility for the cub, nursing it often during the first six months. She guards her infant closely, carrying it in her paw or teeth. Not until it is 18 months old is her offspring*, by then almost 100 pounds heavier, ready to live on its own.

A female can conceive only two or three days a year. Because she takes 18 months to rear her offspring, she will reproduce only once every two years.

The most promising hope for the panda's future seems to be the increased efforts by the Chinese government. Public concern for the welfare of pandas has been heightened by stiff penalties for poaching.

So we can, perhaps, begin to dream again of a future with the pandas, born in the wild or returned there after birth, full-furred giants wandering and occasionally meeting deep in the verdant tangles of bamboo. We may never see them, but it is rewarding to think the pandas will be there, for these captivating creatures clearly hold a special place in our hearts.

A: Pre-listening Question

Do you know how long the panda will live in the wild or in the zoo?

It is said that a panda in the wild will live around 25 while in the zoo it might live much longer. It is reported that the panda, Mei-mei, in Guilin Zoo died nearly at the age of 37, the longest life of the panda that has ever been recorded. B: Sentence Dictation

Directions: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.

New insights into behavior, diet and physiology offer hope that we may be able to protect and breed these animals more effectively.

Although pandas can swim and climb trees, they spend most of their time seeking out and chewing bamboo.

They make a variety of sounds: bleating, chirping, huffing, snorting and even barking like a dog if startled.

The mother assumes sole responsibility for the cub, nursing it often during the first six months, and guarding her infant closely.

We may never see them, but it is rewarding to think the pandas will be there, for these captivating creatures clearly hold a special place in our hearts.

C: Detailed Listening

Directions: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.

1.C

2.A

3.D

4.A

5.B

6.D

7.A

8.B

D: After-listening Discussion

Directions: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.

Pandas are natural vagrants, unsociable and eccentric. Some experts have thought that they descended from raccoons. Others believe they share a common ancestor with the bear. The animals could once be found in much of southern and eastern China, as well as parts of Southeast Asia. The panda's routine is indeed a bum's life, spent wandering from one bad meal to another and bedding down in the nearest dark corner. Although pandas can swim and climb trees, they spend most of their time seeking out and chewing bamboo. Pandas have been known to eat chicken and honey when bamboo is in short supply. They make a variety of sounds: bleating, chirping, huffing, snorting and even barking like a dog if startled.

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Exercise:
1. a
2. b
3. a
4. b
5. b
Part2 Listening and Note-talking Driving Carefully
Drive carefully and slowly when pedestrians are about, particularly in crowded shopping streets, when you see a bus stopped, or near a parked mobile shop. Watch out for pedestrians coming from behind parked or stopped vehicles, or from other places where you might not be able to see them.
Three out of four pedestrians killed or seriously injured are either under fifteen or over sixty. The young and elderly may not judge speeds very well, and may step into the road when you do not expect them. Give them, and the infirm,

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