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大学英语三级情态动词专题1

情态动词

情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、必须、劝告、意愿等概念或态度，主要有can ,could ,may ,might ,must , ought ,need , dare , dared ,used to ，此外 shall , will , should ,would在一定场合下也可以用作情态动词。情态动词的特点是它们都有一定的词义，和另一动词一起构成谓语，在各种人称后都用同样的形式。三级考试中需要特别注意的是情态动词后动词不同的形式和意义。

1.情态动词和动词的完成形式构成谓语，即“情态动词+ have +动词过去分词”表示推论、猜测和设想，意为“应当已经…”、“想必已经…”等这类意思。

1）can /could /may/might/ must + have + 动词过去分词

表示对过去事件的推论，意思是“可能”、

“也许”、“一定”已经发生。例如：

The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 地面是湿的，昨晚一定是下雨了

He can’t have done such stupid things to me. 他一定不会对我做出这种愚蠢的事

Where can he have hidden the money ? 他会把钱藏到哪儿呢？

2）should /ought to + have +动词过去分词

肯定句为“本应该…”表示应该发生

而没有发生的事情。否定式即”should not /ought not to have done “ 意为“本不该”，表示对已经发生的事情的责备]惊奇或推测。评论过去“应该做”而实际为做到的动作，含有批评的意思。例如：

The dog is dead .I should (ought to ) have sent it to the hospital earlier.

狗死了，我应该早点送它到医院的。

The tower is still in good condition, It ought to have been knocked down.。

那座塔还很好，不应该被拆掉的

3) might /could + have +动词过去分词

表示过去可能发生而没有发生的事情.例如：

You were stupid to go skating on the cement ground. You could /might have broken your leg.

你真蠢，自己到水泥地上滑冰，你有可能回摔断腿的。

If you had come earlier, you could (might) have met the president.

如果早来一会儿的话，你本来是可

以见到校长的

4) needn’t + have +动词过去分词

表示做了不必做的事，意为“其实不必”，例如：

You needn’t have listened to him. （其实你不必听他的）

情态动词

18．John should have telephoned the manager this afternoon ,but he forget.

(should +完成式，表示应完成但未完成的动作)

1 You should have told me about it

2 You should have given him a chance to try.

1 They ought to have received my letter.

2 They ought to have got up by now.

3 You ought to have told me about it yesterday.

(must +完成式，表示对过去的事情的猜测，意为“一定是“)

She must have missed the train.

He must have gone to bed.

He must have been out of senses when he did it.

( may + 完成式表示对过去事情的猜测，意为“可能…”)

They may have forgotten the appointment. They may have already finished the work. They may have thrown it away.

( can n’t/couldn’t+ 完成式表示对过去不可能发生的事情猜测，意为“不可能…”) They can’t (couldn’t) have gone that far.

They can’t have arrived so early.

He can’t have driven for 20 years.

12．反意疑问句

反意（附加）疑问句是一种常用的疑问形式，常用于征求对方的看法。除基本句式外，还有一些特殊的形式，现分述如下：1.当陈述部分的主语是everybody ,everyone, someone, no one, nobody ,somebody等合成词,其含义相当于汉语的人的集合时，附加疑问的代词用复数用they来代替。而当陈述部分的主语为everything , nothing , anything , something 时，疑问句部分的主语要用it。例如：

Nobody came to see me , did they? Somebody took my dictionary, didn’t they? Everything seems all right ,doesn’t it?

如果陈述部分内已有表示否定含义的词，如few, seldom ,never, nothing, hardly , rarely , nowhere,等，那么疑问部分应该用肯定形式、例如:

She seldom goes to school on time , does she?

1．如果陈述部分是I’m ….结构，附加疑问部分一般用aren’t I.例如：

I’m stupid , aren’t I ?

2．当陈述部分是一个带that—分句作宾语的主从结构式时，附加疑问句部分一般应与主语的谓语动词保持相应一致关系。但当陈述部分的主语是I suppose , I think, I believe 等结构时，附加疑问部分则往往与that--分句中的主语和谓语动词保持相应的关系，但要注意否定的转移。例如：You don’t mind if I go now, do you ?

I suppose ( that) he works hard , doesn’t he?

5. 祈使句的反意问句部分有以下几点要注意：

5.1．Let’s 表示第一人称的祈使句，所以要用shall , 主语用we。

5.2 let me (单数）和let us (复数)第二人称的祈使句，疑问部分要用will，主语用you。

5.3 其它行为动词引起的祈使句，疑问部分要用will，主语用you。例如：

Let’s go and have a walk in the garden, shall we ? （包含说话人）

Let us go to school now , will you ? （不包含说话人）

Come here and sit by my side , will you 6．must用于推测意义时，尾句的助动词不用must，而是用该推测动词的助动词。

例如：

You must have seen the film last night , did n’t you? （昨晚你一定看了这部电影，对吧?）

More practice:

1.Everyone has arrived ,____________ ?

A) hasn’t everyone B. hasn’t he C.haven’t they

D. does he

2.John s eldom got drunk,__________?

A. doesn’t he B) didn’t he C did he

D. does he

3.I don’t think he is clever ,_____?

A)is he B) do you C do I D don’t you

4. Nothing is available here ,_____?

A) is it B) it is C) isn’t it D it isn’t

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