unit1 great women and their achievements(新人教版必修4)

2010高考一轮复习学案必修四Unit 1 Great women and

their achievements

一、语言要点

I单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）

II 词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)

III 词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）

IV 重点词汇（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）

1. behave vt.&vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现behavio(u)r n. 行为；举止；习惯

[典例]

1). Behave yourself; don’ t make a fool of yourself. 注意你的举止, 别闹出笑话来。

2). How is your new car behaving? 你的新车性能如何？

[重点用法]

behave oneself 使某人自己举止规矩behaviour towards/to... 对……的态度/行为

[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

1). It’ s hard to train children to _______ _______ (举止得体) at the table.

2). She is always _______ _______ (举止得体) at school.

3). Their _______ (behave) _______ (介词) me shows that they do not like me.

Keys: 1). behave well 2). well behaved 3). behaviour towards

2. achievement n.[c]成就，功绩achieve vt. 取得，完成

[典例]

1). He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific achievements. 他因科学上取得的成就而获得

诺贝尔奖。

2). Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great achievement. 首次飞越大西洋是一个

伟大的功绩。

[重点用法]

achieve an aim / goal达到目标achieve success 获得成功

[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。

1). Without the support of the people we can _______ _______.

2). I have achieved only half of _______ I hope to do.

3). Congratulations to you (介词) _______ such a complete victory.

Keys: 1). achieve nothing 2). what 3). on; achieving

3. observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守observation n.[u] 观察；观测；监视

[典例]

1). The police observed the man entering/enter the bank. 警方监视着那男子进入银行的情况。

2). The woman was observed to follow him closely. 有人看到那女子紧跟着他。

[重点用法]

observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事(已做完) observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事

under observation 被监视

[练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。

1). They were observed ______ (enter) the bank then.

2). Keynes _______ _______ (观察到) humans fall into two classes.

Keys: 1). entering 2). observed that

4. respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；重视

[典例]

1). If you don’ t respect yourself, how can you expect others to respect you? 自己不自重, 又怎

能受到别人尊重呢?

2). I have the greatest respect for you. 我非常尊敬您。

[重点用法]

respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人have / show respect for sb./sth. 尊敬某人/事

gain/get/earn/win the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊敬out of respect 出于尊敬

[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

1). The new officer soon ________ (赢得) the respect of his men.

2). I ________ you ________ (因某事而尊敬) your honesty.

3). I have great respect _______ (介词) his ideas, although I don’ t agree with them.

Keys: 1). won/earned 2). respect; for 3). for

5. argue vt.&vi. 讨论；辩论；争论argument n.[c]争论；争辩；争吵

[典例]

1). Don’ t argue with your mother. 不要和母亲争辩。

2). I argued that we needed a larger office. 我据理力争我们需要大些的办公室。

[重点用法]

argue for (sb./sth.)为(某人/某事)而辩护argue against (sb./sth.) 反对某人/某事)而辩护

argue with sb. ( about/over sth.) 与某人(为某事)而争吵argue that... 主张……

argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 通过争论使某人做/不做某事have an argument about/over sth. 辩论某事

[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。

1). We ______ ______ ______ ______ (说服她加入) us.

2). We argued _______ the waiter _______ the price ______ the meal.

Keys: 1). argued her into joining 2). with; about; of

6. support vt.&n. 支持；拥护；支撑；赡养；给予帮助﹑同情等的人

[典例]

1). Is this bridge strong enough to support heavy lorries? 这座桥禁得住重型卡车通行吗?

2). He was weak with hunger, so I had to support him. 他饿得没有力气, 我得搀着他。

[重点用法]

support sb./ a family 支持某人/ 赡养家庭support sb. in (doing) sth. 在（做）某事方面支持某人

support sb. by (doing) sth. 通过做某事支持某人in support of sb/sth 支持或支援某人/事物support oneself 自力更生give support to sb. 支持、支援某人

[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

1). Will you support me _______ (介词) my campaign for election?

2). Jim was a great support _______ (介词) them when their father died.

3). 我求学期间由父母供养。

________________________________________________________________________ ___

Keys: 1). in 2). to 3). I was supported by my parents when I was studying.

7. intend vt. 计划；打算intention n. 意图，意向，目的

[典例]

1). I hear they intend to marry/intend marrying. 听说他们要结婚了。

2). I intend you to take over. 我打算让你来接管。

[重点用法]

intend to do/doing sth. = mean to do sth. 打算做某sth. be intended for (某物)是为而准备的

intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事intend sth. as/to be 打算让某物作……用

intend that... 打算……

[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

1). This book is ______ ______ ______ (是为初学者写的).

2). Was that remark intended _______ (介词) a joke?

3). I didn’ t intend her ______ (see) the painting until it was finished.

Keys: 1). intended for 2). as 3). to see

8. deliver vt.接生(小孩)，递送，发表(演说) delivery n. 投递deliverer 递送者，交货人[典例]

1). The baby was delivered in a clinic. 孩子是在一个医疗站接生的。

2). Comrade Yang delivered the opening speech. 杨同志致开幕词。

[重点用法]

deliver a baby 接生小孩；生小孩delivere sth. to ...... 把某物送到……express delivery快递on delivery 送达时，货到时

[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。

1). Some new books have ______ (deliver) ______ (介词) the schoo1.

2). The actor _______ his speech _______ (介词) a soft voice.

Keys: 1). been delivered; to 2). delivered/gave; in

V 重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）

1. look down upon/on蔑视；瞧不起

[典例]

1). She looks down on people who've never been to university. 她瞧不起没上过大学的人。

2). You can’ t look down upon a person because he is poor. 你不能因为某个人穷而瞧不起他。[重点用法] look短语：

look on sb./ sth. as = consider sb./ sth. as把某人看作look on 袖手旁观

look into sth. 调查或观察某事物look up 查阅(单词、资料)；向上看look (sb.) up and down 上下打量(某人) look out for sb/sth警惕或留心某人/物

[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

1). He was ______ ______ ______ (被人看不起) because of his humble background.

2). He is ______ ______ _______ (被认为是) the leading authority on the subject.

3). If you want to know how a word is used, ______it ______ in a dictionary.

Keys: 1). looked down on 2). looked on as 3). look; up

2. refer to 谈到；查阅；参考；查询；提及；指……而言

[典例]

1). We agreed never to refer to the matter again. 我们同意不再谈这件事了。

2). She thought I was referring to her daughter when we were talking. 当我们谈话时她以为我指

的是她的女儿。

[重点用法]

refer to sb./sth. as 把某人/物称作refer sth./sb. to 把某事提交；让某人向……求助

[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

1). Although she didn’ t mention any names, everyone knew who she was ______ ______(指).

2). He gave the speech _______ _______ _______ (没有参阅) his notes.

3). He likes to _______ _______ _______ _______ (被称为) “Doctor Khee”.

4). My doctor referred me _______ (介词) a hospital specialist.

Keys: 1). referring to 2). without referring to 3). be referred to as 4). to

3. come across = run across = meet by chance (偶然) 遇见；碰见

[典例]

1). I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning. 今天早上我在牛津大街碰

见一位老校友。

2). She came across some old photographs in a drawer. 她在抽屉里偶然发现一些旧照片。[短语归纳] come短语：

come about = happen 发生come from 来自

come out 出现；开花；出版或发表；透露；显出come up 升起；发生；出现come up with sth 找到或提出（答案﹑办法等）

[练习] 用come短语的适当形式填空。

1). I _______ _______ some new words while reading.

2). His new book will _______ _______ next month.

3). She _______ _______ _______ a new idea for increasing sales.

4). Can you tell me how the accident _______ _______?

5). How did it _______ _______ that he knew where we were?

Keys: 1). came across 2). come out 3). came up with 4). came about 5). came about

4. carry on 继续；坚持

[典例]

1). Carry on (working/with your work) while I'm away. 我不在的时候, 要继续做工作。

2). They decided to carry on in spite of the weather. 他们决定不管天气好坏都坚持。

[短语归纳] carry短语：

carry on (doing sth/with sth.) 继续(做)某事carry out 贯彻，执行

carry out a plan/orders/instructions执行计划/命令/指示carry sth through 成功地完成某事物

carry about随身携带carry away运走, 使失去自制力[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或carry短语。

1). They decided to _______ _______ in spite of the weather.

2). Extensive tests have _______ _______ _______ on the patient.

3). It is a difficult job but she’ s the person to carry it _______.

4). Don’ t blame me. I’ m only _______ _______ my orders.

Keys: 1). carry on 2). been carried out on 3). through 4). carrying out

5. live/lead a... life 过着……的生活

[典例]

They live a peaceful life. 他们过着平静的生活。

[短语归纳] “v. + 同源宾语”结构：

smile a... smile 露出……微笑dream a... dream 做了个……的梦

sleep a... sleep 睡个……觉sing a... song 唱……的歌

die a... death ……怎样地死去fight a... battle 打……的仗

laugh a... laugh 发出……方式的笑声

[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

1). We are living happily. = We are living _______ _______ _______.

2). _______ _______ _______ _______ (多么艰辛的生活) they lived!

3). I _______ _______ _______ _______ (做了个美梦) last night.

Keys: 1). living a happy life 2). What a hard life 3). dreamed/had a beautiful dream

VI 重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）

1. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.()

[解释] 动名词做主语的用法：

动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作(在口语中也可以表示具体的动作)。如：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。/ Helping her is my duty. 帮助她是我的责任。

动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式：

①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。如：

1). Playing tricks on others is something we should never do. 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。

2). Talking is easier than doing. 说比做容易。

②用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定

的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如: It is useless/worth/no good/no use/no sense doing sth.等，如：

1). It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。

2). It’ s no sense arguing with her. 和她争吵没有意思。

动名词短语作主语时的谓语动词用单数形式：

Learning new words is very important for me. 学习新单词对我来说非常重要。

[练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。

1). Talking _______ (mend) no holes.

2). _______ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old.

3). Is it any good _______ (try) to explain?

Keys: 1). mends 2). Walking 3). trying

2. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以考虑自己的计划。

[解释] 以“only+状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句)”开头的句子要用部分倒装，即将

助动词或连系动词置于主语之前，如：

1). Only after my friend came was the computer repaired. 只有在我的朋友来后电脑才修好。

2). Only when you pointed it out for me did I realize that I was wrong. 只有当你帮我指出来了我才意识到我错了。

注意：如果以“only+主语”开头的句子不用倒装，如：

1). Only we can help ourselves. 只有我们能帮自己。

2). Only Tom failed in the exam.只有汤姆考试不及格。

[练习] 用倒装句型翻译句子。

1). 只有用这种方法我们才能把英语学得更好。

____________________________________________________________________________ ___

2). 只有当你看了说明后你才知道怎么使用这台机器。

____________________________________________________________________________ ___

Keys: 1). Only in this way can we learn English better.

2). Only after you read the instructions do you know how to use the machine.

3. She also worked hard to make as many countries as possible agree not to use them. 她努力劝说尽可能多的国家同意不使用它们（地雷）。

[解释] as...as possible = as... as one can “尽可能”，第一个as可接adj./adv. 或many/few + n.(pl.) 或much/little + n.[u]，如：

1). Be as kind to her as possible / you can. 对她尽可能和蔼些。

2). Do your homework as carefully as possible / you can. 做作业尽可能地细心。

3). Read as many useful books as possible / you can. 看尽可能多的书。

[练习] 翻译句子。

1). 在写作中，你应该尽量少犯错误。

____________________________________________________________________________ ______

2). 为了养活一大家人，他卖力工作尽力多挣钱。

____________________________________________________________________________ ______

Keys: 1). You should make as few mistakes as you can in your writing.

2). In order to support a large family, he worked hard to earn as much money as possible.

二、课文要点

1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）

根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：

Jane Goodall, 1 had intended to work with animals in their own 2 （环境）since her childhood, went to Africa and devoted herself to 3 （study）the behavior of chimps. It was tough but she considered it as a 4 （有价值的）career. Through her study, we learned much more about chimps. She argued that the life of these animals should 5 （respect）and they should be left in the wild and not used 6 entertainment. Besides, she was very 7 （consider）of these animals. Now, she has 8 （实现）every thing she wanted to do, which 9 （激励）those who want to cheer the 10 （成就）of women.

答案: 1. who 2.environment 3. studying 4.worthwhile 5. be respected 6. for 7.considerate 8.achieved 9.inspired 10.achievements

2课文大意概括（旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）

阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。

这一篇文章给我们介绍了黑猩猩家庭，这使我们认识到，黑猩猩家族的关联就像人类的家庭那么坚固。Jane Goodall的努力，以及她关于保护黑猩猩的观点使她取得了不少成就。

This passage introduces _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________ _________

答案：This passage introduces the groups of chimps to us, which made us realize that the bone of a chimp family is as strong as that of a human’s. Jane Goodall’s efforts and her opinion on the protection of the chimps made her achieved a lot.

3课文佳句背诵与仿写（旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）

1.【原句】Following Jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. 跟着简研究黑猩猩的路线，我们团队都去森林中探望他们。

[模仿要点] 句子结构现在分词，+主句

【模仿1】听取老师的意见，我在英语学习上取得了快速进步。

_______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Following the teacher’s advice, I made rapid progress in English learning.

【模仿2】按照指南，你一定会解决这问题。

_______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Following the instruction, you will surely solve the problem.

2 【原句】Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.只有在她的母亲来帮助她的头几个月，才让她开始她的计划。

[模仿要点] 句子结构：Only +状语（主句要倒装）

【模仿1】只有当您不遗余力你能取得重大进展。

_______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Only when you spare no effort can you make great progress.

【模仿2】只有当我们认识到我们生活环境的重要性，我们才能意识到保护环境就是保护我们的家。

_______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Only when we came to realize the importance of our living environment can we be aware of the fact that preserving nature is preserving our home.

三、单元自测

1完形填空

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最

I consider myself something of an expert on apologies. A quick temper has provided me with plenty of opportunities to make them. In one of my earliest 21 , my mother is telling me, "Don't watch the 22 when you say, “I'm sorry”.Hold your head up and look at the person in the 23 , so he'll know you mean it."

My mother thus made the key point of a successful apology: it must be direct. You must never 24 to be doing something else. You do not look through a pile of letters while apologizing to a person 25 in position after blaming him or her for a mistake that turned out to be your fault. You do not apologize to a hostess, whose guest of honor you treat 26 , by sending, flowers the next day without mentioning your bad manners.

One of the important things you should do for an effective apology is readiness to 27 the responsibility for our careless mistakes. We are used to making excuses, which leaves no 28 for the other person to forgive us. Since most people are open-hearted, the no-excuse apology leaves both parties feeling 29 about themselves. That, after all, is the purpose of every apology. It 30 little whether the apologizer is wholly or only partly at fault: answering for one's actions encourages others to take their share of the blame.

21. A. dreams B. courses C. memories D. ideas

22. A. side B. ground C. wall D. bottom

23. A. mind B. soul C. face D. eye

24. A. pretend B. forget C. refuse D. expect

25. A. poorer B. weaker C. worse D. lower

26. A. cruelly B. freely C. roughly D. foolishly

27. A. raise B. perform C. admit D. bear

28. A. situation B. need C. sign D. room

29. A. wiser B. warmer C. better D. cleverer

30. A. cares B. matters C. depends D. remains

答案：

本文阐述了一个观点，道歉要真诚，要敢于承担责任，同时也批评了一些“假”道歉的行为。

21．选C．紧接着的就是作者回忆出来的内容。

22．选B．与后面提到的“要抬起头”正好相反。

23．选D．道歉时看着对方的眼睛，以示真诚，在这一点上中西方是一样的。

24．选A．根据上下文得知，道歉时要诚恳，不能假装着做别的事。所以这儿要用“pretend”。

25．选D．职位一般论要用“高、低”来衡量。不用B项“强弱”和A项“贵贱”26．选C．roughly此处表示对待客人不礼貌，服务不到位。

27．选D．bear the responsibility承担责任。

28．选D．leave no room不留余地。

29．选C．better表示“心情更舒畅”未找借口的道歉，即真诚的道歉，对方的感觉一定很好。

30．选B．道歉者是全部还是部分承担责任这些都不太重要：关键是为所作所为主动负责，这也能促使别人共同承担责任。

2. 语法填空

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或

31-40的相应位置上。

country and 31 (live) in a house from which he could get to his office in the city early every day. He was looking for a house 32 he saw an ad in a newspaper one day. The ad said that a suitable house in a quiet area was up for sale at a 33 (reason) price, and the house was 34 a stone's throw of a railway station 35 which there were frequent trains to the big city.

"That's exactly 36 I need." Mr. Vincent said to 37 . So he called the house agency and arranged to go down by train 38 next day to have a look at the house. The house agency met him at the station and they started walking. 39 took them at least 15 minutes to get to the house. 40 they reached, Mr. Vincent said angrily, "I should be very interested to meet the man who threw the stone you mentioned in the newspaper."

答案

31．live 32．until 33．reasonable 34．within 35．from 36．what 37．himself 38．the 39．It 40．When

31．live，and连接两个动词不定式短语做wanted的宾语：

32．until，考查until引导的时间状语从句.

33．reasonable，reason的形容词是加后缀-able，表“合理的”：

34．within，介词“在……之内”-

35．from，介词from加关系代词which引导限制性定语从句。

36．what，由what引导的名词性从句作表语：

37．himself，say to oneself表“自言自语”：

38. the

39．It，It takes somebody some time to do something句型，其中作it形式主语：

40．When，考查由When引导的时间状语从句：

3.阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该

looks at the numerous complex reasons as to why young children decide to include or exclude (排斥) other kids from their group of friends.

It suggests that the kids' decision-making process is much more complex than previously believed.

"They take into account group information, ranging from cliques (小圈子) and networks, when deciding what makes a group work well. Sometimes kids are excluded because they lack social skills, but a lot of time it has nothing to do with that. Instead it has to do with what we refer to as 'group membership' such as gender, race, nation, and culture," says Professor Melanie Killen, the Associate Director of the Centre for Children Relationships and Culture at Maryland, who led the 4-year project.

Reporting their findings in the journal, the researcher said whatever was the reason, individuals who experienced pervasive (普遍的) long-term exclusion from the group of friends suffered from depression, anxiety and loneliness.

The study looked at two models to define how children make decisions regarding acceptance of other kids in their group -- the individual social deficit model and the inter-group social cognition (认同) model. While the former says that children's rejection occurs due to social deficits like shyness, wariness or fearfulness, the latter says that it happens because of group dynamics, prejudice and exclusion.

It was also found that the age of children was also a factor that influenced their decisions regarding other kids' acceptance as friends.

"With age, kids become more aware of group dynamics, conventions, customs, and rituals. With this comes a greater concern about group functioning, which can lead to exclusion which can be negative from a social justice viewpoint," says Killen.

The researcher believes that her study may have many benefits, as it could provide insights into how to help when children are rejected by their peers.

41. While making friends, kids think more about the following EXCEPT _________.

A. social skills

B. culture

C. race

D. gender

42. The underlined word "deficit" in Paragraph 5 may mean “_________”.

A. skill

B. relationship

C. weakness

D. experience

43. One of the major purposes of the research is to _________.

A. tell the reader how to tell inclusion from exclusion

B. remind children to be careful while making friends

C. seek ways to help kids excluded by their peers

D. stop the children belonging to the inter-group social cognition model

44. While making friends, children exclude those of social deficit model to _________.

A. keep their groups purer

B. make their groups more socially powerful

C. refuse other customs and cultures

D. prove their groups to be strict

45. The proper title for this passage is _________.

A. Techniques of making friends

B. Social communication among kids

C. Making friends -- a special culture

D. Kids' complex way of making friends

答案：

孩子怎样在社会上交友？可以将他们分成几种类型？它们的特点是什么？本文将回答这些问题。

41. A。细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知：尽管孩子交友时有时排斥那些缺乏社会

技巧的人，但是大多数时候是根据性别、种族、民族和文化等因素来确定的。42. C。词义辨析题。本段最后一句对social deficits做了解释：诸如shyness, wariness or fearfulness，可见该词意思是指社会交往中的个性弱点。

43. C。细节理解题。可从最后一段得此答案。

44. B。综合理解题。第三段说social deficits型的孩子害羞、胆怯；倒数第二段说随着年龄

的增长，他们会意识到group dynamics（团体力量）的重要性，而且越来越关心group functioning（团体的社会功能），由此可知B是正确答案。

45. D。标题归纳题。本文第一段第一句就提出了主题：孩子交友时的接纳与排斥给予很多

复杂的原因，恰好与D的内容相符。而且后面各段都围绕此主题在分析原因。4.基础写作(共1小题，满分15分)

周笔畅宣布退出“超女”演唱会巡演，重返校园。有些学生认为她应该回校读书，有些学生则不以为然。如果你是她，你会选择退出还是留下?请根据以下表格的内容，以Wise

你的观点可以自由发挥。

[写作要求]

1．行文应连贯，内容应完整。

2．题目和开头语已经给出。

3．用5句话完成。

Wise Choice

After the singing competition "Super Girls' V oice", Zhou Bichang declared that she would quit the "Super Girls" tour and would go back to school studying. Some students think her choice is wise...

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________ _____________

_______________________________________________________________________________ _____________

_______________________________________________________________________________ _____________

_______________________________________________________________________________ _____________

[答案]

Wise Choice

After the singing competition "Super Girls' V oice", Zhou Bichang declared that she would quit the "Super Girls”tour and would go back to school studying. Some students think her choice is wise, they think the tour takes up too much time and energy.

On the other hand, the others think it is unwise for her to quit the tour, they think that the performances offer a wonderful stage for her to show her singing talents in public. Taking part in the tour can also make her gain more musical experience, which will contribute a lot to her future musical career, and, she should not let her fans disappointed.

In my opinion, I think that if I were her, I would choose to quit the tour. Anyway, learning at school is more important to one's life experience.

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