【托福写作】综合写作题型分类

【托福写作】综合写作题型分类

生物话题考点：

在 TPO 的题目中，最具有代表性的生物类话题分布在 TPO 4, TPO 10, TPO 15,

TPO 17, TPO18 和 TPO 26, 它们分别研究的是恒温动物，海獭，蟾蜍，鸟类，某种

常青树的濒危灭绝和某类淡水鱼的入侵。从研究的内容来看，考生们觉得它们之间绝

无内容的相似性，更无从谈及什么相关性，但事实上并非如此。

——TPO 4: 阅读和听力争论的焦点是恐龙是不是恒温动物，基于三个方面：climate change, leg position and movement and Haversian canals

——TPO10: 这篇谈及的是：whether does the number of sea otters decline attributes to the pollution, their predators and survival location

——TPO15: 讨论的是来自北美的 cane toads 本来到了澳洲是消灭那里的害虫的，

但是入侵之后带来了许多害处，人们想了诸多方法减少它们：包括设置篱笆，志愿者

参与和病毒侵害。

——TPO 17: 辩驳了某种鸟数量下降的原因(人类的增长，频繁的农业活动和大量杀

虫剂的使用)。

——TPO 18: 为了挽救某种常青树，人们实施了很多措施：选择适合它生活的环境;

迁移到别处(其实这里就有物种入侵的意思了)或在研究中心这个所谓的“温室”环境

里成长。

——TPO 26: 介绍某种淡水鱼是否难以阻挡其入侵到别处，及其将会带来的潜在威胁。从单词的层面上：

表示物种数量的下降：Decline / shrink / extinct/ endangered

增加：Increase

农田：Farmland / cropland / cultivated land

科学技术层面的单词：Genetic modification / genetic technology

科技与农业的进步：Grain output / grain yield / food production / genetic crossing / interbreed

科技如何治理污染：introduce pest / resistant species

关于物种入侵：wipe out / crowd out / be aggressive / invade/ invasion / colonize / kill off

常出现在综合写作听力部分的考点：

objective causes: environment / global warming or climate changes…

advanced technologies: pest / resistant species

man-made approaches: natural fire / eliminate / volunteers /

poisonous virus…..

potential impact: never protest against disease / poor genetic diversity,……..

考题应对：

比如在 2013 年 3 月 17 日的考试中，讨论的内容是 the extinction of diprotodon, 最终的原因分析仍然是围绕着我们以上所提到的考点，无论是在词汇方面还是在考点

层面-deforestation / hunting / climate change。同样，2013 年 5 月 11 日的综

合写作讨论的是 Harappan Civilization 衰落的原因，原因分析中包含了以下信息：climate changes, epidemic disease and other species’ colonization.

新的变化：

如果说以上所总结的完全可以应对目前新托福综合写作中的生物类话题了，这是有点

片面的。从大趋势上来看，以上的信息点是必须要在备考中引起注意的。但是更要注

意一些新的考点是 TPO 套题中所没有涉及的，如今年 3 月 16 日的综合写作考察的是“并不是所有的海洋生物都比 dolphins 聪明”，在这个内容中它涉及到了以下新的词汇，诸如 cerebral cortex(大脑皮层)，brain’s wrinkled surface(大脑褶皱)，

light action…. Correlate A with B…, 还出现了新的考点 body size, be capable of training. 再比如 4 月 20 日的考试中也出现了一个新的考点：介绍一种恐龙的crest 的功能，以及新的词汇知识：sense of smell, increase the surface area, temporarily reduce fever, brain structure, sensory neuron…..。因此总结出常

规考点和新出现的信息后，考生们就不再像以前那样仅仅是走题海战术了。

考古话题考点：

关于考古类话题的内容主要分布在 TPO 5, TPO 16 和 TPO 26, 它主要涉及的相关单

词有以下一些：

Buildings / homes / rooms

Fireplaces / kitc hen

Storeroom / warehouse

Grain / rice / wheat / maize / sorghum / soy bean / peanut

…sacrifice / ceremonial centre / religion

construction projects

spurred a lot of new construction in British cities, towns, and villages.

While digging foundations for new buildings, …

proceeded with the construction and did not preserve the artifacts

Many archaeologically precious artifacts

Skeptical / suspicious / cast doubt on

Organism

Bacteria / virus / fungi / fungus

Colonize / attack / invade / invasion

Traces / tracks

Moist residue

Identical / same

Fossils of primitive animals

Different origin

从以上呈现的内容来看，考古话题涉到不同的领域：建筑，化石研究和珍贵考古资料

的破坏。2013 年 5 月 18 日综合写作所考查的信息类似于刚列出的 TPO 5, 只不过不

同的是建筑的用处改成了城堡的用处。同样在 3 月 20 日的那场考试中研究的是fossils, 类似于前面提及到的 TPO 24。但是考生们要注意一些新的考点，比如恐龙化

石的 neck 是 vertical 的还是 horizontal 的，所涉及的新词有 hypertension(高血压)，expand energy(消耗能量)，skeleton, muscle and robust heart 等。

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