浅析《鲁滨逊漂流记》中人物性格对命运的决定性作用

浅析《鲁滨逊漂流记》中人物性格对命运的决定性作用
摘 要
论文介绍了鲁滨逊的命运带给我们的启示。它描述了鲁滨逊不顾父母的劝阻而毅然选择离家出海。尽管他的父母给他留下了一笔可观的财产，但他想要的却是自由，是他自己创造的生活。当他成功的离家出海后，遇到了他之前所想象不到的灾难,但他还是决定继续航海，这就导致了他后来漂流到一个孤岛上。幸运的是他最后逃离了那个可怕的地方，并开始了他新的生活。主人公鲁滨逊被塑造成了一个典型的新兴资产阶级形象。他积极进取，勇于冒险，追求自由、个性解放，极力探索未知世界。鲁滨逊遇难逃到荒岛和他为在荒岛存活而做的种种努力和尝试无不反映了人物性格对命运的决定性作用。从鲁滨逊的选择及他的命运中可看出他是一个性格顽固同时也很坚定的人。这篇论文意在讨论和赞扬鲁滨逊按照自己的想法选择生活的性格，同时还告诉我们要坚持自己的决定并为自己的选择负责。第一部分介绍了作者和他的作品，第二部分是国内外研究现状，第三部分写的关于鲁滨逊的性格、选择以及最后的命运，第四部分是说的他成功地原因，第五部分就是结论部分。
关键词：鲁滨逊； 选择； 命运； 性格









The Decisive Effect of Characters’ Personality on Their Fate in Robinson Crusoe
ABSTACT
The paper introduces the fate of Robinson inspiration to us. It describes the Robinson Regardless of their parents discouraged and resolutely away from the sea. Despite his parents gave him a substantial amount of property, but he wants freedom and the life of he creates. After his success away to sea, he met him previously unimaginable disaster, but he still decided to continue sailing, which led to his later drifted to an island. Fortunately, he finally escaped from that terrible place, and began his new life. Robinson became the hero is portrayed a typical emerging bourgeoisie image. His aggressive, adventurous, pursue freedom ,individuality liberation, trying to explore the unknown world. Robinson struck by disaster and he fled to the island and he made all efforts and attempts of the island survived to reflect a decisive role in the fate of the character.From the choice of Robinson and his destiny,we can see that he is a stubborn character but also very firm person. This paper is intended to discuss and praise Robinson’s character of according to their own ideas to choose life, but also tells us to adhere to their own decisions and be responsible for our own choices.The Part 1,Introduction An Introduction of the Author and A Brief Introduction of Robinson Crusoe . The Part 2, The Research Status at Home and Abroad; The Part 3, Robinson’s Personality, Choice and Fate; The Part 4 Reasons for Robinson Crusoe’s Success; The

Part 5,Conclusion

Key Words：Robinson; Choose; Fate; Character





Table of Contents
摘 要 i
ABSTACT ii
I. Introduction 1
1.1 An Introduction of the Author 1
1.2 A Brief Introduction of Robinson Crusoe 2
II. The Research Status at Home and Abroad 4
III. Robinson’s Personality, Choice and Fate 6
3.1 Robinson’s Personality and His Choice 6
3.2 The Characteristics of Robinson Crusoe 9
IV. Reasons for Robinson Crusoe’s Success 11
V. Conclusion 15
Bibliography 18
Acknowledgments 20

I. Introduction
Character decides fate. Human being is the center of the world. Since human being opens their eyes, they are confused by their fate. While under the same social background, family environment, and with the same intelligence, some people are successful, but others are failing. According to the dictionary, character is the mental or moral qualities that make a person, group, nation, etc different from others. Generally speaking, character is the psychologist feature in the attitude and behavior when a person deal with people and matters, such as reasonable, stable, and frank. But character is not just simple, for every kind of character has its different sides; the cultural background of temperament is the basic factor of character. Fate is the power believed to control all events in a way that can not be resisted; destiny. Fate is not so mysterious that can not be mastered. When a person is in his old age, he can know what to do and how to deal with them. In the world which is full of fierce competition, a person must firstly know his character, and then command his character well, he can be a popular man in the world. Otherwise, he may falls behind others, and be discriminated.
1.1An Introduction of the Author
The author of Robinson Crusoe, Daniel Defoe was born in a good commercial family in 1660, in London. He was once a businessman, who ran the enterprise of underclothes, cigarettes and wine trade, he had lived through some difficulties, but he could save his enterprise every time after his failure, meanwhile, he showed us his stable determination to fight against his fate. He could not be destroyed. All of those experiences paved the way of thought and technique of the accomplishment of his masterpiece Robinson Crusoe.
1.2 A Brief Introduction of Robinson Crusoe
Robinson Crusoe was written under the enlightenment of a real story in 18th. The works praises people’s work spirit. The fiction opens up the way of English realism fiction. Robinson Crusoe, who was the protagonist of The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, was a person of stubborn, aggressive and firm. Because of his decision to go out to see the outside world and know it, he finally went out to be a sailor without the concession of his parents. But he was not satisfied with such property and designed to his dream to be on the way to sell slaves in Africa when somebody advised him to do so. Just becau

se of it, he was flowed to an isolated island and was reduced to a lonely man without any company. Thank goodness, there were so much food, clothes and tools left in the ship which was wrecked on the coast. He could still be alive for those materials. During the period, Bible was his spirit support, he built house, got rice, tamed sheep and made leather clothes by the fur of animals. After twenty eight years, he was saved by an English ship to England.










II. The Research Status at Home and Abroad
In recent years, many domestic scholars from different angles to the novel "Robinson Crusoe" conducted research study. As Duan Shaojun in the 2010 film "Literature" in the seventh period "Robinson Crusoe' Enlightenment", it mainly discusses the novel in a middle course, the heart of Thanksgiving and dialectical view of the three points of view. Geed once said: "reading a good book, just as with a noble person". The author realized that the greatness of a master in literature: he told us for the life of truth, to the heart of Thanksgiving in mind, correctly treat the pain and joy in life, ordinary but not mediocre good every day.
In 2009 Li Yuexin in "literary criticism" issue 08 of "the creation of human existence fable figures -- Robinson". This paper focuses on the analysis of Robinson of this rich and complex character Describes him as the creation of human existence fable image of workers. Robinson living on a desert island, but courage, perseverance, hard-working, optimistic; in the wild nature, his appearance has brought the civilized atmosphere for the island began his 28 year long creation road, the road of civilization.
Xu Zaizhong in "Journal of Anhui University of Technology (SOCIAL SCIENCE EDITION)"on 2009 July, twenty-ninth volume 04 issue of "from" Robinson Crusoe "Western colonization process". This paper describes in detail the "Robinson Crusoe" reflected in the western colonists’ trade, land tenure, image distortion, conscious control and long-term colonial overseas colonial process.
Yang Dan in "read and write" magazine eighth volume 05 issue of "Robinson Crusoe's independent spirit and education", on 2011 May, this paper through in-depth analysis of the image of Robinson, revealing the text behind the spirit of self-reliance, and combining the education reality of our country and discusses the significance of the education work. Let the reader understand that education should not only teach knowledge, methods, more should teach children how to self-reliance, brave and innovative training children, perseverance.

















III. Robinson’s Personality, Choice and Fate
3.1 Robinson’s Personality and His Choice
We can't clear the character of Robinson, because his character is complex. On the one hand, his bourgeois position is weak, he was tired o

f boring business life, afraid of existence and unpleasant way to enrich and devoted his life to this common career. He wants to live in a special environment, on the other hand, he likes freedom, and tries to pursue their own life, he also would like to pay any price to realize his dreams, even if it is hard. His strong personality is fully shown in here. His weakness in the common life just converted to the strong point of his later sailing life, which was a sharp different world from what he had lived for about twenty years.
Dissatisfaction with the status quot, Robinson to the pursuit of the ideal. Robinson was born in a middle-class family, Britain, on wealthy life. If he is in his hometown of "is likely to have the opportunity to introduce, based on society rely on relatives and promising rely on our own efforts and diligence, earned a fortune, for life comfortable and happy days". "both don't need pesters, difficult for daily bread has been to the slave life unbearable, make exhaustion of body and mind is not a moment's peace, needn't be desire and also the name of ambition to make a fortune, bitter tumbled labor day, heart just happier living, taste the sweet taste of life and more and can realize their own happiness". I want to, so that the future of life is extremely attractive to envy. But inner Robinson has an irresistible force that he did not meet, not content with the calm no Lan, ordinary middle life. He went to the overseas wholeheartedly to experience. The idea is not born as a result of his youthful impulse, but the arms of a dream since he was a child. So, in order to achieve it, regardless of the father's advice and Robinson mother pleaded with, does not consider the consequences of, ran away from home on a ship only to London. Later, he is a thriving development of plantation in Brazil. This can be settled down, smoothly get rich; But he think it is still "contrary to what I like life completely", hence someone invited, he again to go to sea again. Thus we can see how not satisfied, he is not content with the status quo and the pursuit of ideal is very persistent. Crusoe dissipated and unruly, do not obey fate is obvious. He should not obey the father's willingness to do a medium can live a life easy street people would rather own ventures far out of toil. He does not believe a pirate after die. Well-known pirate savage and cruel, sailing on the sea once a prisoner only obeys may suffer, or die. However, Robinson encounter pirates captured in the third to sea, he did not like the other victims. Instead, but try every means to escape from the scratch. The final success and went away with the pirates a slave. When he was in the career developed chose to venture out to sea again. On the other hand, if he had wanted to listen to the father, if he superstition to jump out of the pirate pit, if he continue his career in Brazil. So he will not suffer so much unfortunately also won't find yourself can independence from the

world of survival, so he also will be one of thousands of square mortal. Is uninhibited personality let him discover their own potential, drove him beyond himself.
Robinson was determined. He once said, "my temper is determined to do one thing, you don't succeed will never let go", "I'll do my best to and for, as long as I can pull, I won't drown, as long as I can stand, I will not fall" he has no assistant tool is not complete, lack of experience. So do anything spends a lot of labor, for a long time. Even do a piece of wood to 42 days. Hard work for comforting return, he finally became a Marine, have bread to eat, there are pottery, plantation, pasture, there are two more "luxury". These is not a lot of effort, overcame many difficulties to receive them.
Robinson is very optimistic. Although Robinson will own situation as god's punishment for sin, but the lonely life also became prompted him to introspection and original motive power, Crusoe found him even in the days of the uninhabited island far more than he in Britain have a good day. He lives on a lonely island at ease and pure, he even said "I don't care about whether I have the opportunity to leave this place, if there really have a happy, that should say happiness of my life here very much. "The lonely island, Crusoe although just one person, but seems to be a "representative" of all mankind. He is optimistic the spirit of survival has made him get rid of the limitations of the social and family to his personal and his in home construction as well as set up for himself a freedom of spirit and belief of their homes. His experience far beyond personal adventure stories has become a symbol of freedom spirit pursuit. Every reader on Robinson can find his own shadow, at the same time, he also inspires each readers face to face with real life and efforts to achieve their dreams.
Robinson has strong acquisitiveness and conquers. As he is not content to live in the middle class and endless pursuit of money. He needs the world, but not as his friend, but only regard him as a loyal servant. And he buy slaves, the island became his colony. Which suggests that Robinson has strong possessive desire, this character may be related to the age in which he was, but the desire is driving his constant motivation?
3.2 The Characteristics of Robinson Crusoe
Before he was reduced to a lonely man, he has experienced a similar situation, the only difference is that he was saved, can lead a normal life, he once said, if he is not so aggressive, no, he never go through this terrible life. When he is focused on the survival of ecstasy, new dangers waiting for him. Life is tough on a lonely island, we can't imagine. No food, no place to rest, to communicate with people, in addition to all of these, the worst is the fear itself, he will be attacked by wild animals at any time, therefore, he must be alert to every time. If Robinson is weak, he may have lost his heart, continue to

your life, could do nothing. But he did not do so, the unfortunate fate of his base is his enthusiasm, as a result, he was not depressed, not negative but positive struggle with nature, all of his activities not only survive, but also to create. He must be on the island, the first important problem is to survive, Robinson Crusoe was born in the middle class family, so he believed his own strength is very big, he only believe their own efforts, not someone else's, can help him realize his dream, to help him climb up the social ladder. As a result, he put all the useful material, on the island have not fallen about 40 times more tired. So he feel not so sad, ship by waves and he set up a tent, a fence, built a house to live, sheep and fish food. In short, he did all he could do his life after the island. Thankfully, he get enough food and material to live, because of his mercy, he saved a call on Friday, he helped Robinson Crusoe is very much, in the end they saved a boat, in turn, in the ship saved them, bring them back to the UK. Until now, we can see that Robinson Crusoe become homeless, but at last he returned to the human.




IV. Reasons for Robinson Crusoe’s Success
Among Defoe's life, he toured Great Britain, and has a lot of knowledge,and rich experience. In the sixty years of age, according to some sailors’ records, especially Scottish sailor Selkirk’s experience and their own imagination, he created the Robinson such a adventurer, doer and colonists that who was indomitable and wanted to go to explore the unknown world. He made the hero of the novel that who similar to his own somewhat to bumps in the rough sea, enslaved in the hands of pirates, to start working hard in a foreign country, and struggle alone on the isolated island, he finally with diligence and wisdom in twenty years time to create their own place in the world, he has become a typical of emerging bourgeoisie, he was not only did not become savage, but always be a part of the civilized world in the spiritual and material. The most moving place of the novel is that shaping the image of the hero, and the author efforts to dig deep spiritual connotation. This is mainly manifested on how to overcome the difficulties above, the courage to face difficulties, which did not stop at the level of negative survival, but actively create and possession, what represents the emerging bourgeoisie times spirit of the era of he lived. Robinson’s the spirit of confidence, self-esteem, self-reliance, never satisfied, immoderate, these are reflecting the concepts and requirements of the new era. As the British critic Jackson said: "If people want to recapture the spirit of the bourgeoisie strong and confident in its young, revolutionary upturns, the best guide is not too Defoe and Robinson Crusoe ."
We seem to see, there is a man standing on ship deck: he gave up the rich, easy life, tired of mediocre life, and choose a time of adventure career. All sorts of

unfortunately and difficulties did not overwhelm Robinson, instead to make him be stronger. The difficulties of God given to Robinson, for him, also has more challenging. When he encounter big storm in a voyage, and the ship was lost. His living alone to a desert island, in order to find suitable accommodation, he runs all day on the shore, and found a shelter at a rock. Robinson pitched a tent down the hill, and make it to be as large as possible, and put on a few stakes to hang a hammock. The next day, he put all the boxes and wood,and material of made the raft , piled up a temporary fence to be fortifications. But only after ten days, it suddenly occurs collapse. Robinson not only to collapse down the loose soil shipped out, also installed a ceiling, with the following pillars, to keep landslides disaster again. Robinson is not only to shipped out the loose soil of collapse down, also installed a ceiling, with the following pillars, to avoid landslides disaster again. He never give up and hard working, Robinson laid the foundation for the islands of life. He was confident and never discouraged frustrated, let him live on a desert island more step into the right track. Once, Robinson found the hull of accidentally fell in the corner, that actually grow green stems, soon there grow a dozen per head. Since then, Robinson will sow the seeds of the rainy season to experiment in order to get more food. One of the worst trial is that barley and rice harvests have only been half a bucket of it. However, after several tests, Robinson became a farming expert. His sowing twice and harvesting twice all the year round. Finally he even learned to make bread and cheese. The idea of shipbuilding to return home allowing him suffered terribly, which spent him a few years and numerous efforts. Even felling to spend a few months. Since there was no consideration in advance, the ship was too far from the sea, and he could not let the ship be launched. Making him the number of years of effort wasted. But these are not defeat him, with the indomitable of the "unsuccessful never let go" and spirit of hard work, he created a miracle. Robinson was a great man, perseverance person. He once said: "I will do my best as long as I can draw water, he would not be drowned, as long as I can stand, I refused to fall ??" He did not have aide, tool failure and he was lack of experience. The hard work in exchange for a gratifying return, he finally becomes marine, eat bread, use pottery, there are plantation, ranch and two more "luxurious" residence ?? which did not spent a lot of effort, spent many sweat and overcome many difficulties before they return. At that time,such a life for Robinson, it can be regarded as a luxury. He dares to fight with the hostile environment, hard working, and he runs an orderly island. He exercises himself in the face of adversity, and achieve some extraordinary career. He dares to risk, and courage to pursue life of free and unfettered . Even he li

ves on a desert island, but he never discouraged. In this way, Robinson establishes kingdom of their material and spiritual on a desert island. Faced with difficulties in life, Robinson's actions, shows the strength of character and hero of a tough guy. Reflecting the the creative spirit and pioneering spirit of the rise time of the bourgeoisie. Now, in the West, "Robinson" has become synonymous with the adventurer and hero to millions of readers.
From "Robinson Crusoe" look seek the independent personality under the "fight father" era. "Robinson" perseverance is almost beyond people's imagination,He did not have aide, tool failure and he was lack of experience. Therefore what made him to do anything to spend a lot of labor and costs for a long time, But Robinson never gave up and always has a firm determination and perseverance to make one thing . Despite he completes for any little thing which always spends him many years, and it is extremely difficult, but he through that to found his infinite wisdom and continuous hard work, he creates numerous miracles in 28 years. In the "Robinson Crusoe" in the beginning, there is a period of word about Robinson's father advised his son not to go abroad to make a living said that: "In terms of my social status, just in between, namely General heard intermediate position. from his long experience, that this is the best class, this intermediate position and most make people happy. " But Robinson has a different opinion and attitude about his life, he has his own ideals and objectives, he does not want to be arranged, also does not want to be defined. He wants to show his independent personality, ability and personal strength to survive through various difficulties contest. Back to the present society, we should go to think rationally how to create an independent character of the community in the "fight father" era.
V. Conclusion
Character determines destiny. Robinson's relentless pursuit and his optimism, perseverance, dissipated and unrestrained decided his extraordinary life. Conversely, if he does not brave enough to leave the house, then his life is certainly not that exciting. If he is reconciled to the situation, no pursuit, he does not know how to use their hands to make things and to defend their homes. If he is not strong and optimistic enough and not looking at the plight of life, then perhaps he would have died on the island of depression. From "Robinson Crusoe" I read out the character and fate of the closely linked, I think good character determines good destiny. I think we also should to be so as a students, we must have the courage to challenge to the world and not to be defeated. The pressure is greater and we are the more stronger, this is our goal. We must to dare to struggle, dare to act, the courage to challenge and the courage to pursue, so as to create a strong self.
We can see the frontal and the contrary sides of people’s character from the above introducti

on; we can also know the importance of our temperament in our daily lives and the competition. A frontal character could help us live easily in the world, while a contrary one just could increase our burden. Robinson Crusoe saved himself by working hard on the isolated island positively and did not design to the difficulties. So he lived a happy life after he was saved, he was the winner of his fate; his character decided his fate finally.
A wise person should master the theory well, and can be the winner of life, but some stupid men can not understand it, and can not command it well, such people only can be the victim of the world. They can not catch up with others; accordingly, they can not be admitted by people in the world. The popular people in the 21st are those who can master their character and fate.






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Acknowledgments
I would like to take this opportunity to thank my tutor Zhai Pingli, who gives me a lot of valuable academic and constructive suggestions in writing the paper. Her encouragement and help are worthwhile. I thank her for her guidance.
Moreover, thanks to my dear friends and my lovely roommates who spent a lot of time to read my paper.
Finally, I want to thank those who spend their precious time in reading this article provide gratitude.