浙江省高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解(3)

科普知识阅读理解（3）

科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2012四川,E)改编

Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted (预测)in reaction to climate change,which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.

Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world,changing some living patterns,scientists say.

Increased carbon dioxide(CO2) in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen,while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.

“Predicting species’reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology,”said the researchers of several U.S.universities.They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.

The study,published on the Nature website,uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species.It found that some experiments had underestimated (低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.

“Across all species,the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance—for both leafing and flowering—that results from temperature increases,”the study said.

The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change,it said.

Plants are necessary for life on the Earth.They are the base of the food chain,using photosynthesis (光合作用)to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water.They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.

Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8℃ since 1900,and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979.

So far,efforts to cut emissions (排放) of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century—a point

scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common,leading to drought,floods,crop failures and rising sea levels.

1.What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?( )

A.Plants’ reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.

B.The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’expectation.

C.Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.

D.Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.

2.We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that .

A.plants’ flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafing

B.there are 1,634 plant species on the four continents

C.scientists should improve the design of the experiments

D.the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change

3.Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because .

A.they can prove the climate change clearly

B.they are very important in the food chains

C.they play a leading role in reducing global warming

D.they are growing and flowering much faster than before

4.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world’s temperature?( )

A.It has risen nearly 0.2℃ since 1979.

B.Its change will lead to weather extremes.

C.It is 0.8℃ higher in 1979 than that of 1900.

D.It needs to be controlled within 2℃ in this century.

语篇解读:本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。温室效应已经影响了植物的生长类型,由于植物在食物链和生态系统中有着重要影响,科学家们正致力于研究其生长变化。

答案及剖析:1.B主旨大意题。根据第一段Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)in reaction to climate change...可知本题应选择B项。

2.C 事实细节题。根据文章第五段最后一句话It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估)the speed of flowering...以及第七段The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict...可知本题应选择C项。

3.B 事实细节题。文章第四段最后一句They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains...由此可知本题选择B项。

4.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段...beyond 2℃ th is century-a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate...leading to drought,floods...可知必须将上升温度控制在2℃ 以内才可能不会出现危险状况,故选择D项。

【长难句子分析】

—

到目前为止,为减少导致全球变暖的温室气体排放的努力还不足以阻止地球在本世纪气温上升不超出2℃——科学家认为这个数据会带来气候变化的危险,在这样的气候变化中,极端天气会经常发生,会导致干旱、洪涝、庄稼歉收和海平面上升。

.阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014·山东省潍坊市五校联合高三下学期期中考试】

At times my mom has been uncomfortable seeing these qualities in me.For example，when I was 12，I went to Puerto Rico all by myself to stay with my grandmother for the summer.My mom was extremely nervous about it.She kept telling me how things were different in Puerto Rico，to always put on sunscreen，not to wander away from my grandmother，and other warnings.She helped me pack and did not leave the airport until she saw my plane take off.

But despite her worries，she let me go on my own.As I moved into my teens，she continued to give me space to grow and learn，even when it might have been difficult for her.When I reached my senior year，I decided to move away for college.Once again I found that I differed from my peers：While many of them wanted to stay close to home，I couldn’t wait to be out in the world on my own.While my mom may not have been happy at the thought of my going away，she was supportive and excited for me.

One big thing I realized during my senior year，as my mom granted me more freedom，was that she actually believes in me and trusts me.That means a lot.Most of my life，and especially when I was little，the main person I tried to impress in my schoolwork or other things was my mother.I knew she expected nothing but the best from

me.Sometimes it was hard to live up to her standards；getting a single B on my report card would make me feel bad because I knew she wanted me to have all A’s.

I know that her high standards have helped me stay focused on what’s important，like education，and made me who I am.I am thankful for her support and involvement in my life.Most of all I respect her.She is the strongest woman I know and that’s why I have turned out so strong and independent.

1．When the author decided to go to Puerto Rico，his mother________.

A．wanted to go with him

B．worried about his safety

C．didn’t allow him to do so

D．asked his grandmother for advice

2．The author decided to move away for college to________.

A．be different from his peers

B．keep away from his mother

C．be independent in the outside world

D．make his mother unhappy

3．We can learn from the third paragraph that the author’s mother________. A．had a high expectation of him

B．was too strict with him

C．used to expect nothing from him

D．cared little about his learning

4．We can learn from the last paragraph that the author________.

A．is quite grateful for his mother’s trust

B．still doesn’t quite understand his mother’s attitude

C．doesn’t like his mother’s involvement in his life

D．wishes to have more freedom from his mother

5．In the passage，the author mainly wants to tell us________.

A．his long way to becoming independent

B．his good relationship with his mother

C．the importance of a mother’s trust and support

D．his mother’s deep love for him

语篇解读作者做每一次决定时，母亲都会给予信任和支持，使作者最终变得强大、独立。1．解析：考查细节理解。从文章第一段母亲的诸多叮嘱和警告可知，母亲为作者的安全担心。

答案： B

2．解析：考查细节理解。从文章第二段倒数第二句中的“I couldn’t wait to be out in the world on my own”可知，作者是想在外独立。

答案： C

3．解析：考查细节理解。从文章第三段中的“I kne w she expected nothing but the best from me.”可知，母亲对作者期望很高。

答案： A

4．解析：考查推理判断。从文章最后一段最后三句话可知，作者对母亲给予自己的信任十分感激。

答案： A

5．解析：考查推理判断。综合全文可知，母亲的信任和支持使作者能够独立而强大，因此可知，本文的主要目的是说明母亲对孩子信任和支持的重要性。

答案：C。

阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014·山东省泰安市高三第一轮复习质量检测】

More than one in four children alive in Britain today will celebrate their 100th birthday，official figures showed.The special figures show a huge social change，with today’s children likely to survive far longer than their parents or grandparents.Of the 12.4 million children aged 16 and under,3.3 million (27%) will become someone who is a hundred years old or older.In a class of 30 children，eight

can live to be 100.And the rest of the children are likely to get to an old age，even though they will not make it to three figures.

Experts warned that children may live to 100，but that they will not get their state pension until they are 70 or beyond.The state pension age is rising to 66 for both men and women by 2020，and the Government has warned it will continue to https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e5978431.html,ith Khalaf，a pension expert，said，“Living to an old age is lucky if you can afford it，but a nuisance if you can’t.Those without enough savings will be depending on the state pension which will be changed.”

It also increases the possibility of millions of people surviving until their 100th birthday with a poor quality of life because of poor health and little https://www.wendangku.net/doc/e5978431.html,lions of older people have no pensions，no savings and no plans about how they are going to pay for their retirement other than to carry on working.If the older population demands more resources，then they have to come from their own wealth or the government.

Laith said，“Millions of people will be spending over a third of their lives in retirement.It is high time that we reformed the state pension system.We want to make it fair for future generation.”

1．From the first paragraph we can learn that________.

A．today’s children probably live longer than their parents

B．few of British children are expected to live to an old age

C．more than 30% of children aged 16 can live to be 100

D．20% of British children will celebrate their 100th birthday

2．The underlined word “nuisance” in Paragraph 2 probably means________. A．somebody who is disabled

B．somebody who is dishonest

C．something that causes trouble

D．something that is incorrect

3．What kind of life will people living to 100 probably face?

A．A high quality of life because of the development of technology.

B．A low quality of life because of bad health and limited money.

C．A high quality of life because of the increase in food price.

D．A low quality of life because of the present government.

4．Why should the government at present reform the state pension system?

A．The present pension system isn’t quite useful.

B．People nowadays don’t ne ed the pension at all.

C．More and more people ask the government to do so.

D．The present pension system is unfair for future generation.

5．What can be inferred from the text?

A．The retirement age will be raised to 70 or beyond.

B．The government will provide job chances for the retired.

C．The state pension age for men is different from that for women.

D．It will increase the government’s pressure if more children live to 100.

语篇解读官方数据表明，现在的英国儿童会比他们的长辈活得更久。令人担心的是，这将

会给政府带来巨大的养老负担。

1．解析：考查细节理解。根据文章第一段的第二句“The special figures show a huge social change，with today’s children likely to survive far longer than their parents or grandparents.”可知，现在的英国儿童可能会比他们的长辈活得更久，故选A。

答案： A

2．解析：考查词义猜测。根据上下文可知，画线词所在句表示“如果你能够承担养老的费用，长寿是一种幸运，但如果承担不起，那就会是一种麻烦”，故nuisance＝something that causes trouble，答案为C。

答案： C

3．解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“It also increases the possibility of millions of people surviving until their 100th birthday with a poor quality of life because of poor health and little money.”可知，活到100岁的人可能会面临因身体差、资金有限而造成生活质量降低的问题，即B项正确。

答案： B

4．解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段的最后一句“We want to make it fair for future generation.”可知，目前的养老金制度对于后代来说是不公平的，因此政府要改革养老金制度，故D项正确。

答案： D

5．解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段的最后一句“If the older population demands more resources，then they have to come from their own wealth or the g overnment.”可知答案。

答案： D.

高考英语阅读理解训练50篇

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