英国文学期末考试复习资料
The Canterbury Tales:
It was written by Geoffrey Chaucer in the years between 1387 and 1400 and was left unfinished. It has a general prologue and 24 tales that are connected by “links”. According to the plan, there should have been a total of 120 tales.
Summary:
As April comes, the narrator begins a pilgrimage to Canterbury from the Tabard Inn at Southwark. 29 people make the pilgrimage toward Canterbury and the narrator describes them in turn. The host suggests that on their way to Canterbury each pilgrim tell two tales, and on the way back two more.
In the Prologue, Chaucer sets up the general structure of the tales and introduces each of the characters who will tell the tales. The characters who tell each of the tales are as important as the characters in the tales that they tell; The Prologue in essence serves as a guide. Chaucer only lived to write 24 tales.
S ignificance
a.It gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s time. The pilgrims cover a wide range of characters in the England of the time, except the very top and the very bottom. Each character is not only a typical representative of the class to which he or she belongs, but also has an individual character of his or her own. These vivid characters showed Chaucer’s wide experience and close observation.
b. The dramatic structure of the poem is highly commended. In The Canterbury Tales, stories are cleverly woven together by links between the stories. The host played a important role. He draws the shy ones out, smoothes over the differences, and keeps the company generally in good spirits.
c.Chaucer’s gentle satire and mild irony made him a pioneering English humorist writer. As a commoner, he had a sympathy with the lower classes and had an understanding of the lower classes, such as the ploughman and the poor parson. But he could not offend the upper classes. So he employed humor and gentle satire in the portrayal of characters.
d. Chaucer wrote in the London dialect of his day. Ever since the Norman Conquest the French language was the language of the court and the upper class, and Latin was the language of the learned and the church. Chaucer had enough pride and confidence in his native language to use it in his work. He proved that the English language is a beautiful language and can be easily handled to express different mood. In doing so Chaucer greatly increased the prestige of the English languag
e.
Hamlet
Topic: revenge, sexual relationship, struggle for power, friendship, female position, relationship with parents…
Plot:
The play, set in Denmark, recounted the story of Prince Hamlet’s revenge. Young Hamlet, prince of Denmark, came home from boarding school to find his father, King Hamlet, dead. To make matters worse, he did not get the throne as his uncle, Claudius, had married Hamlet’s mother Gertrude and taken the kingship. Hamlet was invited by his father’s ghost, who told him it was Claudius did the murder and that Hamlet must revenge for him. The rest of the play involved Hamlet’s pursuit of evidence and of an opportunity to kill the new king. And finally he succeeded.
Background information:
The play Hamlet reflected the social reality of that time. Shakespeare expressed his humanism idea and his concern for the future of the people. In fact, during that time, because of the distant b etween ideal and reality, Shakespeare’s writings had transferred from glorifying humanism into criticizing the reality.
Analysis
Hamlet had a tragic life. In fact, his life is not to be like that. It was he who chose his own life. In other words, he can live his life without sorrow and anxiety; however, he chose to explode the truth of his father’s death. When the truth was exposed, the only thing filling his mind was revenge.
Love:
1. between Hamlet and Ophelia
2. between the dead king and his Queen
Disloyalty:
1. Ophelia betrayed Hamlet
2. Hamlet’s mother betrayed the dead King
Loyalty:
1. Hamlet to his father
2. Horatio to Hamlet
Characters
Hamlet - The Prince of Denmark, the title character, and the protagonist. About thirty years old at the start of the play, Hamlet is the son of Queen Gertrude and the late King Hamlet, and the nephew of the present king, Claudius. Hamlet is melancholy, bitter, and cynical, full of hatred for his uncle’s scheming and disgust for his mother’s sexuality. A reflectiv e and thoughtful young man who has studied at the University of Wittenberg, Hamlet is often indecisive and hesitant, but at other times prone to rash and impulsive acts.
Claudius - The King of Denmark, Hamlet’s uncle, and the play’s antagonist. The villai n of the play, Claudius is a calculating, ambitious politician, driven by his sexual appetites and his lust for power, but he occasionally shows signs of guilt and human feeling—his love for Gertrude, for instance, seems sincere.
The Ghost - The specter o f Hamlet’s recently deceased father. The ghost, who claims to have been murdered by Claudius, calls upon Hamlet to avenge him. However, it is not entirely certain whether the ghost is what it appears to be, or whether it is something else. Hamlet speculates that the ghost might be a devil sent to deceive him and tempt him into murder, and the question of what the ghost is or where it comes from is never definitively resolved.
Ophelia- Polonius’s daughter is a beautiful young woman with whom Hamlet has been in love. Ophelia is a sweet and innocent young girl, who obeys her father and her brother, Laertes. Dependent on men to tell her how to behave, she gives in to Polonius’s schemes to spy on Hamlet. Even in her lapse into madness and death, she remains mai denly, singing songs about flowers and finally drowning in the river amid the flower garlands she had gathered.
Shakespeare created Hamlet--a man with wisdom and courage .In order to revenge on his uncle for killing his father, he pretended to be mad and suffered a series of misery. On the contrary, we can also say that Hamlet is rude and selfish for he did not think twice before his revenge. If a country has no king, how can a country keep alive? So, everything has two sides. Every time we make a decision we have to think twice.
Hamlet is the most popular and the most discussed of Shakespeare’s tragedies. The greatness of the play lies in the fact that in it Shakespeare expressed his praise of the noble quality of Prince Hamlet as a representative of humanist thinkers and his disillusionment with the corrupt and degenerated society in which he lived.
What troubles Hamlet are the injustice, conspiracy, and betrayal in the society. His father is murdered by his uncle and his mother is married to his uncle right after his father’s death. Then his two former friends are sent by his uncle to spy on him. What’s more, his girl friend Ophelia is sent as a tool to find out whether he is really mad or not.
Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams: Hamlet has Oedipal desire for his mother and the subsequent guilt is preventing him from murdering the man---Claudius, who has done what he unconsciously wanted to do. If he kills his uncle, it would be some kind of punishing himself.
Of Studies
Of Studies is the most popular of Bacon's 58 essays. It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, & how studies exert influence over human character. Forceful & persuasive, compact & precise, Of Studies reveals to us Bacon's mature attitude towards learning. Bacon's language is neat, priest, & weighty. It is somewhat affected, like the water in the reservoir, restricted & confined.
Writing Style of Bacon's Essays
Bacon's essays are noted for his clearness, brevity and force of expression. Bacon's chief concern is to express his thought with clearness and in as few words as possible. His sentences are short, pointed, incisive, and often of balanced structure. Many of them have become wise old sayings. Generally Speaking, Bacon's literary style has three prominent qualities: directness, terseness, and forcefulness.
Essays
The term "essay" was borrowed from Montaigne's Essais, which appeared from 1580 to 1588. Bacon learned from Montaigne, the first great modern essayist, the economic & flexible way of writing. However, as a practical & prudential man, he intends to write for the ambitious Elizabethan & Jacobean youth of his class & tell them how to be efficient & make their way in public life. Bacon's essays are famous for their brevity, compactness & powerfulness. The essays are well arranged & enriched by Biblical allusions, metaphors & cadence.
As a literary man, Bacon is the first English essayist, whose Essays won him a high place in the history of English literature. As a philosopher, he is the founder of English materialistic philosophy. He advocates the inductive method of reasoning. In his
famous plea for progress, Bacon demands three things: 1) the free investigation of nature, 2) the discovery of facts instead of the blind belief in theories 3) the verification of results by experiment rather than by argument.
Soliloquy: A dramatic convention by means of which a character, alone on stage, utters his or her thoughts aloud. Playwrights use soliloquies as a convenient way to inform the audience about a character’s motivations and state of mind.
Humanism is a system of beliefs upheld by writers and artists of the Renaissance period in their fighting against medieval asceticism. It states that man is godly, that man is able to find truth, goodness and beauty, and that man is in control of the present life rather than being controlled by God. Briefly, humanism puts man at the center of their beliefs and takes man to be the measure of everything while the former asceticism puts God at the center of their beliefs and takes personal salvation to be the most important thing on the earth for man.
*It was against human nature to sacrifice the happiness of this life for an afterlife.
*Man should be given full freedom to enrich their intellectual and emotional life.
*In religion, they demanded the reformation of the church.
*In art and literature, they sang in praise of man and of the pursuit of happiness.
Blank verse: verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. It is the verse form used in some of the greatest English poetry, including that of William Shakespeare and John Milton.
Heroic couplet is a rhyming couplet of iambic pentameter, often containing a complete thought. There is a fairly heavy pause at the end of the first line and a still heavier one at the end of the second. Commonly there is a parallel or an antithesis within a line, or between the two lines. It is called heroic because in England, especially in the eighteenth century, it was much used for heroic (epic) poems.
Epic is an extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, like Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey. It usually celebrates the feats of one or more legendary or traditional heroes. The action is simple but full of magnificence. Today, some long narrative works, like novels that reveal an age and its people are also called epic.
It is, originally, an oral narrative poem, majestic both in theme and style. Epics deal with legendary or historical events of national or universal significance, involving action of broad sweep and grandeur. Typically, an epic includes several features: the introduction of supernatural forces that shape the action; conflict in the form of battles or other physical forces combat; and stylistic conventions such as an invocation to the Muse, and set speeches couched in elevated language. They summarize and express the nature or ideals of an entire nation at a significant or crucial period of its history.
Epistolary Novels
?Novels in which the narrative is told in letters by one or more of the characters
?Allows author to present feelings and reactions of characters, brings immediacy to the plot, allows multiple points of
view
?Psychological realism
?It can be classified into two kinds: the monologue epistolary novel and the dialogue epistolary novel
?Contemporary epistolary novel: Alice Walker’s The Color Purple
Paradise Lost (finished in 1665)
Introduction: Paradise Lost is Milton's masterpiece, which includes 12 volumes. The story is taken from the Old Testament；Satan and other angels rebelled against God, but they are defeated and driven from Heaven into Hell. In revenge Satan escapes from the Hell and goes to the Garden of Eden. He induced Adam and Eve, first man created by God, to disobey God's demand and eat the fruit of the Forbidden Tree. As a result, Adam and Eve are driven out of Eden because of their sin of disobedience. Thus the theme of the poem becomes clear: the “Fall of Man", i.e. Man’s disobedience and the loss of Paradise, with its prime cause---Satan.
The story of the epic is based on Genesis.
The central theme of the poem deals with the Christian story of “the fall of man”.
Milton’s purpose for writing Paradise Lost is to “assert eternal Providence and justify the ways of God to man”.
Plot: The epic tells how the first man and woman, Adam and Eve, are tempted by Satan to disobey God by eating the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge and how they are consequently punished by God and driven out of the garden of Eden with the prospect of redemption of mankind by Jesus Christ, the son of God. To this main thread of the story is added the narration of Satan, his rebellion against God and his defeat and fall into Hell, based upon the medieval tradition of the Christian church.
2 spirit:
Rebellious spirit: Satan, though defeated, voices his hatred for God who is tyrannical in the eye of the rebellious angel. As a epic, the rebellious spirit can also be applied to the political reality. The God and angles stand for the king and the royalist, while Satan and his followers stand for the capitalist class. Thus, the capitalist class wants to fight for their own interest. Humanistic spirit of Renaissance: Through the love between Adam and Eve Milton expresses the humanist pursuit for happiness, that is, the spirit of Renaissance. (The detail refers to the term Humanism)
3 features: The blank verse // “Miltonic style”---inversion // The use of illusions
Satan’s image
1. Satan is the real hero of the poem.
2. He is firmer than the rest of the angels.
3. He has an invincible heart.
4. Satan remains superior in nobility and welcomes his defeat and his torments as a glory, a liberty and a joy;
5. Satan is the spirit questioning the authority of God.
6. Milton makes Satan as his own mouthpiece.
Features o f Milton’s works:
(1) Milton is one of the very few truly great English writers who is also a prominent figure in politics, and who is both a great poet and an important prose writer.
(2) Milton wrote many different types of poetry. He is especially a great master of blank verse. He learned much from Shakespeare and first used blank verse in non-dramatic works.
(3) Milton is a great stylist. His style is noted for its dignity and polish, which is the result of his life-long classical and biblical study.
(4) Milton has always been admired for his sublimity（崇高）of thought and majesty of expression.
Tom Jones (1749)
? A love story between Tom and Sophia.
? A comprehensive, all-embracing picture of the life of the mid-18th century England, …, together with full-blooded
characters, in brilliant, witty and highly artistic language, a masterpiece of English literature.
The plot
?Tom Jones is found as a baby on the doorstep of the kind and wealthy Squire Allworthy.
?Squire Allworthy lives with his sister who marries a man named Captain Blifil.
?They have a son and young Blifil and Tom are raised together.
?Tom is wild and fun-loving and Blifil is pious and mean.
?Tom loves Sophia Western, who lives on the neighbouring property.
?Blifil also wants to marry Sophia because she is rich.
?Blifil tells Allworthy lies about Tom, and he is banished from the house.
?Sophia also runs away because she doesn’t want to marry Blifil.
?Tom begins searching for her, having a number of affairs with other women on the way.
?Ultimately Tom and Sophia are reunited.
?Squire Allworthy realizes that he was lied to about Tom, and also finds out that Tom is his sister’s son, born out of
wedlock and placed of the doorstep.
?Squire Allworthy and Tom are reunited as uncle and nephew.
?Tom and Sophia are married.
The “father of the English novel”
Methods of Telling a Story——directly by the author
Satire——humorous; grim, severe, scathing, relentless
Educational Function——a faithful picture of life; sound teaching
A Master of Style——easy, unlaboured and familiar, vivid and vigorous
英国文学期末复习题目
I. Each of the following below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bet complete the statement. 1. The long poem ______ in Anglo-Saxon period was termed England’s national epic. A. The Canterbury Tales B. Paradise Lost C. The Song of Beowulf D. The Fairy Queen 2. Romance, which uses verse or prose to describe the adventures and life of the knights, is the popular literary form in ______. A. Romanticism B. Renaissance C. medieval period D. Anglo-Saxon period 3. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of____. A. Piers Plowman B. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C. Confessio Amantis D. The Canterbury Tales 4. _______ is regarded as the father of English poetry. A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Edmund Spenser C. John Milton D. W. Wordsworth 5. It is _____ alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Martin Luther C. William Shakespeare D. John Gower 6. One of Chaucer’s main contributions to English poetry is ______. A. he introduced the rhymed stanzas from France to English poetry B. he created striking brilliant panorama of his time and his country C. he wrote in blank verse D. he was the first to write sonnet 7. During the Renaissance, _______ was the first one to introduce the sonnet into English poetry. A. Chaucer B. John Donne C. Thomas Wyatt D. Earl of Surrey 8. During the Renaissance, _______ wrote the first English blank verse. A. Chaucer B. Edmund Spencer C. Thomas Wyatt D. Earl of Surrey 9. Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaissance Movement？ A. The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture B. The new discoveries in geography and astrology C. The Glorious revolution D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion 10. The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events. Which one of the following is NOT such an event? A. The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B. England’s domestic rest C. New discovery in geography and astrology. D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion. 11. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between ______ and ______ centuries. A. 14th...mid-17th B. 14th...mid-18th C. 16th...mid-18th D. 16th...mid-17th 12. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is_______. A. science B. philosophy C. arts D. humanism 13. _______ frequently applied conceits in his poems. A. Edmund Spenser B. John Donne C. William Blake D. Thomas Gray 14. _______ is known as “the poet’s poet”. A. William Shakespeare B. Christopher Marlowe C. Edmund Spenser D. John Donne 15. Romance，which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of____ adventures or other heroic deeds，is a popular literary form in the medieval period. A. Christian B. knightly C. pilgrims D. primitive 16. ________ and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanism. A. Edmund Spenser, Christopher Marlowe B. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe
英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案
考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s
英国文学史期末复习重点
英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates（海盗）. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1）T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.
英国文学复习资料汇编
Pre-Renaissance period Beowulf : the first English national epic I. The position of the Beowulf: the first English national epic II.The story: (to simply narrate it ) Beowulf←→ Grendel and his mother Beowulf←→ Fire dragon III. Its artistic features 1. I t’s a 3183-line verse written in true epic style and in Old English; 2. the most evident feature: the use of alliteration; (refer to the history of literature By Liu Bingshan,) 3. to use compound-words to serve as metaphors; 4. the use of understatements: the impression and a color of humor. △5. the mixing of pagan elements with Christian colouring. Geoffrey Chaucer I. life : 1. He was born in a wine merchant family in 1340; 2. His early life as a page and his marriage acquainted him with knowledge about upper class; 3.he was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets Corner”. II. His Work: The Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales The General Prologue ...
2018年自学《英国文学选读》试题及答案
2018年自学《英国文学选读》试题及答案 1. What are Shakespeare ’s achievements? a. Shakespeare represented the trend of history in giving voice to de desires and aspirations of the people. b. Shakespeare’s humanism: more important than his historical sense of his time, Shakespeare in his plays reflects the spirit of his age. c. Shakespeare’s characterization: Shakespeare was most successful in his characterization. In his plays he described a great number of characters. d. Shakespeare’s originality: Shakespeare drew most of his materials from sources that were known to his audienc e. But his plays are original because he instilled into the old materials a new spirit that gives new life to his plays. e. Shakespeare as a great poet: Shakespeare was not only a great dramatist, but also a great poet. Apart from his sonnets and long poems, his dramas are poetry. f. Shakespeare as master of the English language. 2. What are the basic characteristics of ballads? a. The beginning is often abrupt. b. There are strong dramatic elements. c. The story is often told through dialogue and action. d. The theme is often tragic, though there are a number of comic
英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)
.. ;.. 一．中古英语时期 Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly a dventures or other heroic deeds. Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism. 二．文艺复兴Renaissance Renaissance r efers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world. It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth r eigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance i s the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance E ngland are Christopher Marlowe and W illiam Shakespeare. The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was Christopher Marlowe. Francis Bacon was the best known essayist of this period. “Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. Thomas More ——Utopia Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene 相关练习 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene C. Beowulf D. Hamlet 2. _____ is the father of English poetry. A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England. A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson 三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare “All t he world 's a stage, a nd all the men and women merely p layers.”——William Shakespeare William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have
英国文学史复习资料(三年级专业生期末考试必备)[1] (1)
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
英美文学复习资料
英美文学 I. 本期讲过的所有名家名作 II．名词术语: Ode ——in ancient literature, is an elaborate lyrical poem composed for a chorus to chant and to dance to; in modern use, it is a rhymed lyric expressing noble feelings, often addressed to a person or celebrating an event. Alliteration ——It is a form of initial rhyme, or head rhyme. It is the repetition of the same sound or sounds at the beginning of two or more words that are next to or close to each other. e.g. He came on under the clouds, clearly saw at last Rage-inflamed, wreckage-bent, be ripped open Kenning ——a figurative language in order to add beauty to ordinary objects. It is a metaphor usually composed of two words, which becomes the formula for a special object. e.g. Helmet bearer—— warrior Swan road——the sea The world candle—— the sun Repetition &Variation e.g. Grendel / The spoiler / warlike creature / the foe / horrible monster A host of young soldiers / a company of Kinsmen / a whole warrior-band Caesura ——every line consists of two clearly separated half lines between which is a pause, called caesura. e.g. Grendel stalking; God’s brand was on him.
英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)
一．中古英语时期 ?Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. ?The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds. ?Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. ?Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism. 二．文艺复兴Renaissance ?Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world. ?It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. ?Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. ?This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth reigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England ? ?“Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. ?Thomas More ——Utopia ?Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene 相关练习 ? 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language? ? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene ? C. Beowulf D. Hamlet ? 2. _____ is the father of English poetry. ? A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare ? C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer ? 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England. ? A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer ? C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson 三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare ?“All the world 's a stage, and all the men and women merely players.”——William Shakespeare ?William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have
英国文学复习资料
British Literature 英国文学 一、The Middle Age 中世纪文学( 约5 世纪---1485) Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟（1343---1400） Chaucer is regarded as the first short story teller and the first modern poet in English literature. He innovate the heroic couplet and he is regarded as “Father of English Poetry” 首创英雄诗行，即五步抑扬格双韵体（the heroic couplet），被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。乔叟翻译过法国诗歌，其早期的文学创作受到法国文学的影响。两次游历欧洲文艺复兴的发源地意大利后，乔叟接触到意大利文学，深受以但丁（Dante, 1265---1321）、彼特拉克（Petrarch, 1304---1347）和薄伽丘(Boccaccio, 1313---1375)等作家为代表的意大利人文主义文学的影响。乔叟去世后安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂（Westminster Abbey）,从此威斯敏斯特教堂的一角便成为大诗人安息的“诗人角”（the Poet’s Corner） 代表作：《公爵夫人之书》（Book of the Duchess）（1836） 《声誉之宫》（The House of Fame）（1374---1384） 《百鸟会议》（The Parliament of Fowls）（1380） 《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》（Troilus and Criseyde）（1380---1385） 《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）（1386---1400） 二、Renaissance 文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期---17世纪初） 1、William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚 莎士比亚从1590年起至1613年，一共创作了38（或39）部戏剧包括悲剧、戏剧、编年史剧、传奇剧等，另外还创作有154首十四行诗和2首长诗（Venus and Adonis，1593）。 Ben Johnson （本·琼森，莎士比亚同时代戏剧家）wrote in the dedication to the edition that “he was not of an age, but for all time!”（他不属于一个时代，而是）属于永远。 四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》Hamlet（1601）《奥赛罗》Othello （1604）《李尔王》King Lear（1605）《麦克白》Macbeth（1606）《安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉（埃及艳后）》Anthony And Cleopatra（1606---1607） 《泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯》《裘力斯·凯撒》《科利奥兰纳斯》《特洛埃围城记》 《雅典的泰门》等 四大喜剧：《威尼斯商人》The Merchant of Venice（1596） 《仲夏夜之梦》 A Midsummer Night’s Dream 《皆大欢喜》As You Like It 《第十二夜》Twelfth Night（1600） 《冬天的故事》Winter’s Tale（1610）《暴风雨》The Tempest（1612） 《错中错》《终成眷属》《无事生非》《一报还一报》《驯悍记》《辛白林》 《温莎的风流娘们》《爱的徒劳》《维洛那二绅士》《泰尔亲王佩力克尔斯》等 悲喜剧（正剧）：《罗密欧与朱丽叶》Romeo and Juliet（1595） 历史剧：《亨利四世（上篇）》Henry IV, Part I（1597）《亨利四世（下篇）》 《亨利五世》《亨利六世（上篇）》《亨利六世（中篇）》《亨利六世（下篇）》《亨利八世》《约翰王》《里查二世》《里查三世》 十四行诗：《爱人的怨诉》《鲁克丽丝失贞记》《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》 《热情的朝圣者》《凤凰和斑鸠》等
新编英国文学选读复习资料
En glish Lite ra ture a nd the Se le cte d Re adings Developmentof EnglishLiterature 1.EarlyandMedievalEnglishliterature(- 1485)2.TheEnglishRenaissance(1550-1642?) 3.The17thCentury–ThePeriodofRevolutionandRestoration 4 . The 1 8 thCentury–T h e AgeofEnlightenm ent 5.TheRomanticPeriod(1798- 1832)6.TheVictorianAge(1832-1901) 7.Th e20t hCen t uryLit erat ure–Mod ern is man dPo st-Mod ern ism Chapter1EarlyandMedievalEnglishliterature 一．Epic （史诗） Apoemthatcelebrateintheformofacontinuousnarrativetheachievementsofone ormoreheroicpersonagesof historyortradition. AmongthegreatepicsoftheworldmaybementionedtheIliad,OdysseyandAeneidof classical. Be owulf 1.HistoricalBackground 1)) Thre e Invasions: A.The Rom a n Conq u e st ( 5 5 B. C - 4 10 A.D) B.The English Conqu e s t ( The Anglo-Sa xon Period) C.TheNormanConquest(TheAnglo-NormanPeriod) 2)) Tw o Wars: A.TheHundredYearsWar(1337-1453) B.TheWarof theRose(1455-1485) a.Anglo-SaxonPoetry: Pagan(异教的）&ChristianBeowulf /worksofCaedmonandCynewulf. b.Anglo- NormanPoetry:Romance c.Poe try in Age of Cha u cer： d..PopularBallads:BalladsofRobinHood2. 评价 1）Beowulfisanationalepic（史诗）ofEnglishpeople. 2）ItistherepresentativeworkoftheearlyEnglishliteraturewith3000lines.3） Itswriterisunknown. 4）BeowulfisafolklegendbroughttoEnglandbytheAngloSaxonfromtheirprimitiveNorthernEurope.5）Beowulfwaspasseddownfrommouthtomouth. 6） Beowulfwaswrittendowninthe10th century.3.Charactersint hestory: Beowulf:anephewofkingofGents,apeopleinDenmark.Hrothgar:kin gofDenmark. Gre nde l: a m onster. She-monster(女妖怪):Grende l’s mother.Dra go n: a fire dra gon, a m onster. 4.OutlineofTheSongofBeowulf Te u tonic(日耳曼的） h e ro Be ow u lf, the ne phe w of the king of the Ge a t la nd, he lpe d Hrothga r kill them onste r ha lf-hu m a n ,Gre nd e l a s w e ll a s his viciou s m oth e r. W ith his he roic de e ds, he w a s m a de the kingofScyldings(Sweden)for50years.
- 2012 English Literature 英国文学期末考试卷
- 英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)
- 英国文学期末考试题目 英语专业必备
- 英国文学期末考试-诗歌赏析原资料总汇
- 英国文学期末考试题目
- 英国文学史及选读--期末试题及答案
- 英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)
- 英国文学下发期末考试复习资料
- 英国文学期末考试重点
- 英国文学期末测试题(C)I.
- (完整版)英国文学简史期末测验考试复习要点刘炳善版(英语专业大必备)
- 英国文学期末考试题目
- 英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)
- 英国文学期末复习(各种题型)
- 英国文学选读期末考试复习知识点
- 英国文学期末测试题
- 英国文学期末考试题目英语专业必备
- 英国文学史复习资料(三年级专业生期末考试必备)
- 英国文学期末考试复习要点
- 英国文学I期末考试试题B