2018年高考英语知识点---复合句考点

8.复合句

1）复合句

从句作什么成分就是什么复合句。

I like music that I can dance to.

复合句分为三大类：

形容词性从句：

定语从句

副词性从句：

状语从句

名词性从句：

主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句

2）关系词

就是连接词，一般没有汉语意思（除whose和as）3）先行词

被从句所限定修饰的词或句子

A.关系词作用

特别要理解作句子成分的作用。

B.关系词的分类

可概括为“两类两特殊”

两类是关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：

that,which,who,whom.关系副词：

when,where,why

两特殊：

whose、as

C.关系词的选择

关系代词和关系副词没有汉语意思，因此要根据句子成分做选择

Whose和as有汉语意思，根据意思做选择。

关系代词：

关系词

that

which

who 先行词

人，物物人成分主语，宾语主语，宾语主语，宾语whom 人宾语从句不完整（即从句缺主语或宾语）一定用关系代词，然后再看先行词。

关系副词：

关系词

when

where

why 先行词

时间

地点

原因成分状语状语从句完整（即从句不缺主语或宾语）一定用关系副词，然后再看先行词。

注意：

区分及物动词和不及物动词。不及物动词后可以不接宾语。如：

visit和arrive的区别

Whose和as根据句子的意思做选择：

Whose：

“.....的”。I live in a house whose windows face south.

As:

“像......一样”。As is known to all, English is an important subject.

D.特殊情况

1）关系代词that和which中，只能用that不能用which的情况。

先行词有最高级、序数词修饰或不定代词修饰时

The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.

先行词即有人又有物

The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.2）关系代词that和which中，只能用which不能用that的情况。

关系代词前有介词时（注意区分in that）

A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.非限定性定语从句

从句和主句被逗号隔开

3）Which和as的区别

1．引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容时的区别：

(1)表达“正如”之意时，用as，如果仅指代整个主句内容而没有“正如”之意，则用which。

He went abroad, which was unexpected.

他出国了，这让大家感到很意外。

She is a good doctor, as her mother used to be.

她是一个很出色的医生，和她母亲当年一样。

(2)当从句位于主句前面时，只用as。

As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

2．限制性定语从句中有such, the same时，其后常用as引导定语从句(the same后也可用that，但意义不一样)。

He is such a good teacher as we all love and respect.

他是一个我们都xx和尊敬的好老师。

This is the same pen as I lost.

这支钢笔和我丢的那支一样。

3．as引导非限制性定语从句时，只能指代整个主句内容，而which既可以指代整个主句内容，又可以指代先行词。

The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames.

这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as)

4．as常与从句中的know,see,hear,expect等动词连用，也常用于as often happens,as is often the case(常有的事)等句子中。

He was absent from school, as is often the case.

他缺课了，这是常事。

4）“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择

“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择是一个常考点，也是一个难点。请看下面三个句子，填上合适的介词，并从中发现一些规律。

1．He was educated at a local grammar school,___which he went on to Cambridge.

2．This is the farm ___ which he worked two years ago.

3．In the dark street there was not a single person ___ whom she could turn for help.

第一句话：

根据句意可知，他在一所当地的语法学校学习之后去了Cambridge，故介词用after。此句中介词的使用与句子的意义有关。

第二句话：

把从句补充完整为he worked two years ago on the farm (“在农场”为“on the farm”)，句中介词的选用取决于先行词的意义，即介词跟先行词的搭配。

第三句话：

在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。“向某人求助”这个短语是“turn to sb. for help”，因此此处用介词to。此句中介词的选用取决于从句中的动词固定搭配。

因此，考生在确定其中的介词时，可从以下三方面入手：

1．句子的意思；

2.先行词的意义；

3.从句中的动词固定搭配。

5）定语从句中的主谓一致

定语从句中的谓语动词的形式与先行词的单复数保持一致

当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词在人称、数方面应该与先行词保持一致。

1．one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋复数形式动词。如：

The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.长城是吸引大批游客的世界著名的建筑之一。

2．the only one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋单数形式动词。如：

The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.

长城是地球上唯一一个能从月球上看到的建筑物。

Titanic is the only one of these wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.

在这些精彩的电影中，《泰坦尼克号》是唯一一部由好莱坞制作的电影。

3．当关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as与which作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。如：

Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.

众所周知，xx发生了巨大的变化。

He has passed the College Entrance Examination, which makes his parents quite happy.

他通过了高考，这让他父母很高兴。

4．其他情况。如：

I, who am your teacher, will try my best to help you.

我作为你的老师，会尽全力帮助你的。

（1）状语从句

状语从句主要考连接词的选择，可通过连接词的意思来选择

A.时间状语从句

1）when，while，as

注意：

when和while的区别

When+从句，+主句（主句用进行时）

When the teacher came in, the students were sleeping.

While+从句，+主句（从句用进行时）

While the students were sleeping, the teacher came in.

while还可以作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，却”。

2）as soon as，no sooner...Than.......和hardly/scarcely......when...，the moment，the minute，immediately，directly，instantly

No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.

3）till, until和not.......until

He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back.

4）before 和since

It will be +一段时间+before ……..还要多久才……..

It is +一段时间+since.......自从......以来

It is three years since the war broke out.

B.地点状语从句

引导地点状语从句的连词有主要有Where和wherever

注意和定语从句的区别

You’d better make a mark where you have any question.(状语从句)

You’ d better make a mark at the place where you have any question.(定语从句)

C.原因状语从句

引导原因状语从句的连词有：

because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that

She's studying because she has a test tomorrow.

她正在学习，因为她明天有考试。

As it is raing, we shall not go to the park.

由于在下雨，我们不去公园了。

Now that/Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.

既然大家都在，我们开始开会吧。

注意：

when也可以表示原因，意为：

since; considering that既然；考虑到。如：

It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.

既然步行5分钟能轻松到达那里，你却打车，你可真够愚蠢的。

D.条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句的常见连词有if，unless，as/so long as，in case(万一)，once，on condition that，provided/providing (that)，supposing(that)等。

You'll fail the exam unless you study hard.

除非你xx，否则你会考试不及格。

As long as you don't lose heart，you will succeed.

只要你不灰心，你就会成功。

In case there is a fire，what will we do first?

万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？

E.目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的连词有so that, in order that, for fear that, in case, lest 等。

I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me.

我会慢慢说，这样你就能理解我。

Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.

带上雨衣以防下雨。

F.结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的连词有：

so...that..., such...that...

注意：

so...that和such....that的区别一般that前面有名词用such，没有名词用so

Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.

＝Mike is so honest that we all believe him.

迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。

G.让步状语从句

1）although，though，as与while引导的让步状语从句

Although the sun is shing, it isn't very warm.

尽管艳阳高照，天气并不是很暖和。

注意：

在形式倒装句中只能用though和as

Happy as they were, there was something missing.

尽管他们快乐，但总缺少点什么。

2）although与though都可以与yet，still连用，但不能和but连用。

3）while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。

While I admit that there are problems，I don't agree that they cannot be solved.尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。

4）even if与even though引导的让步状语从句

I'll do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon.

我要做这件事，即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。

Even if I were in your place, I wouldn't take the job.

即使我处于你的位置，我也不会接受这份工作。

5）“no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋ever”引导的让步状语从句

Don't trust him, no matter what/whatever he says.

无论他说什么，不要相信他。

6）whether...or...引导的让步状语从句

Whether you believe it or not, it is true.

不管你相信与否，那都是真的。

H.方式状语从句

引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as though等

Do as you are told to, or you'll be fired.

告诉你怎么做就怎么做，否则你会被解雇。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.

这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。

I feel as if I have a fever.

我感觉像是发烧了。

（2）名词性从句

A.名词性从句的连接词

1）常用连接词

有词义的连接代词who,whose,whom,what,which;连接副词

when,where,why,how;从属连词that, whether, if, as if;无词义的that在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略。

2）一些常见连接词的区别

that与what的区别

that引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，that本身无意义，只起连接作用。what引导名词性从句时，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等，what 表示“……的东西或事情”。

请比较：

What I need is more time.(what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语)

That I need more time to do the work is very clear.(that引导主语从句，在从句中不作任何成分)

The village is no longer what it used to be.(what引导表语从句，在从句中作表语)

I had no idea what we should do next.(what引导同位语从句，在从句中作宾语)He will tell us what he saw in London.(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语)注意：

名词性从句中区分that与what的关键是：

分析句子结构，看从句是否缺少句子成分。

如果不缺成分，就用that，如果缺少句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)，且表示“……的东西或事情”就用what。

who, whoever与no matter who的区别

引导名词性从句，在句中作主语时用who，意思是“谁”，含有疑问意味，whoever意为“无论谁”，不含有疑问意味。whoever在引导名词性从句时，相当于anyone who，其中who引导一个定语从句紧随其后。

另外，whoever还可以引导让步状语从句，这时whoever相当于no matter who，但是no matter who只能引导让步状语从句。请比较：

1．Who has taken away my bag is unknown.

谁拿走了我的包还不知道。(若用whoever显然句意不通)

2．Whoever breaks the law will be punished.

无论谁违反法律都要受到惩罚。(whoever表达的语气强烈)

3．I'm not going to let you in, no matter who you are.

＝I'm not going to let you in, whoever you are.

(根据句意“我不会让你进去的，不管你是谁”，后面是一个让步状语从句，故用no matter who或者whoever)

【特别提醒】

wh－ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句。引导名词性从句时，whoever＝anyone who; whomever＝anyone whom; whatever＝anything that; whichever＝anything/anyone that; whosever＝any one whose。

Whichever he likes will be given to him.＝Anything that he likes will be given to him.

无论他想要哪个都可以给他。

You should give the book back to whosever name(＝anyone whose name) is on the cover of it.

你该把书还给任何一个他的名字在封面上的人。

B.名词性从句的语序和时态

从句用陈述语序（陈述句和倒装句在倒装句的专题中单独讲解）

名词性从句的时态在动词的时态和与语态专题中单独讲解。

C.名词性从句中it作形式主语和形式宾语

(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary, important, obvious等)＋that从句．

(2)It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句．

(3)It＋be＋名词(a surprise, a fact, a shame, an honour等)＋that从句．

(4)It＋不及物动词(appear, happen等)＋that从句．

D.名词性从句中的虚拟语气

(1)It is (was)＋essential (important, natural…) ＋that…

(2)It is (was) suggested (demanded, wished, desired…)that…That后面的从句动词都是用should+do的形式，should可以省略。

(完整版)2018年高考英语全国卷2(附答案)

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高考英语知识点归纳总结 听力 【常考点】①数字（涉及年代、日期、数量、价格等数字信息，以基数词、序数词、分数、小数、百分比等形式呈现）;②地点（考查内容多以where开头）; ③推断（不仅推断时间地点，还推断人物关系、身份、情感、态度、事情真相等）; ④场景（涉及购物、问路、咨询天气、打电话等场景）。 【技巧点拨】领略主旨大意，概括对话的中心思想：领会弦外之音，揣测真正意图;捕捉细节，确认提到的具体信息;推测谈话背景，辨别角色关系。 【常见错误】听不懂;连音和吞音听不出来;语气、语调和重音辨别偏差;中外语言表达方式差异。 【常考点】①冠词、非谓语动词、主谓一致、时态和语态、情态动词、定语从句、倒装句、强调句和疑问句;②情景对话;③词组的辨析。 【技巧点拨】领略出题意图;分析句子结构i找关键信息词。 【常见错误】逻辑上受母语干扰;忽略关键信息词;忽略选项处前后的附加信息。 完形填空 【常考点】①同义、近义词词组辨析（动词、名词、形容词等）;②固定搭配（动词和介词或副词、名词和介词、形容词和介词等）;③语法（时态和语态、从句连接词等）：④上下文逻辑关系。 【技巧点拨】跳过选项空格通读全文，领略主旨大意;做题时细读全文，结合选项含义及前后文关系、句子结构等，综合考虑作答：先做简单题，结合简单题找出的信息，进一步加深对文章的理解后再做难题：代入所选答案，再次通读全文，检查逻辑语义是否一致。 【常见错误】脱离上下文，只看选项所在单句;语法判断错误，词汇理解错误：缺少常见生活常识或文化背景造成理解偏差，选项误选。 阅读理解 【常考点】①常见文章体裁（记叙文、说明文、议论文）;②常考开头或结尾（主题旬或中心句）;③常考因果关系（because/so/SlFICe/for）④常考表示转折的语句;⑤常考比较关系;⑥常考数字信息（时间、数量等）。

高考英语知识点总结(超全版)

高考英语复习知识点概要 1.a great/good many: a large number of许多。修饰可数名词复数。 I’m quite busy. I have a great many things to do. 我很忙，我有很多事要做。 若复数名词前有限定词或其修饰的为代词时，应加of . ①A great many of the books have been sold out. 已经卖了很多书了。 ②A great many of them are out of work.他们很多人失业了。 2.able(可以的，有能力的，可能的)①He is an able man.那人本事不小。 enable(v)使……能 ②We must learn more to enable us to face all the difficulties.我们要多学知识以便能面对各种困难。disable:有残疾的，不能干的；the disabled表示一类人（残疾人） able作词辍时 ①可以……的，值得……的（有被动含义）eatable可食用的，measurable可以测量、估计的；readable可读的 ②其他含义：conformable舒适的、安逸的；suitable 合适的，恰当的 3.above, over, on 三个词都可以表示“在……上“，但用法不同。On表示与某物体表面接触；over表示在某物体垂直的上方，含“布满、覆盖、跨越”之意，与under 相对；above表示位置高于，但不一定垂直，与below相对。注意：与数字、数量、长度词连用时，多用over,同more than。如：over10,000people一万多人；表示年龄、刻度多用above，如a man above fifty五十开外的人；above zero零度以上。 习惯用语：well above average远在一般以上；above sea-level海拔以上；the one above上面的一个；above all首先，尤其重要的是；over there 那边；all over 遍及；over again 再一遍；over and over 再三地 [应用]介词填空 ①There lay an umbrella_______the table and some raincoats _____it. ②The mother held an umbrella______the boy’s head so that the sun wouldn’t burn him. ③There seemed to be a war and many planes were flying____the city. ④The moon was______the trees in the east. Key:①on,under ②over ③over ④above above all 首先，特别是，最重要的是 after all 到底，毕竟 at all (用来加强语气)与not连用，表示“一点也不，完全不”。 in all 总共 all but 几乎，差点没（=almost,nearly） ①We have all but finished the work. ②The day turned out fine after all. ③Children need many things ,but above all they need love. ④He wasn’t at all tired. ⑤Do you feel ill at all(真的，确实)？ ⑥There were twenty in all at the party. accident/event/ incident event一般指重大事件。accident多指意外或偶然发生的事故，特别是不幸的、有损害性的事故。incident相对于accident来说，显得不很重要，指“小事件”，它还可以用来表示“事变”，如叛乱、爆炸等。如： The broadcaster is broadcasting the news on current events.广播员正在播报时事新闻。 He was badly injured in the traffic accident.在那起交通事故中，他严重受伤。 There was an incident on the bus: a man fought with the conductor.那辆公共汽车上发生了一件事，有个人和售票员打了起来。 Have you heard of Xi’an Incident?你听说过“西安事变”吗？ admit vt.①接纳，许可……进入（allow sb./sth.to enter） He was admitted to the school this year.Only two hundred boys and girls are admitted to our school every year. ②承认，后可接名词，doing、从句或复合结构。 I admit my fault. She admitted having read the letter. He admitted that his comprehension was weak. You must admit the task to be difficult. advice建议；劝告。是不可数名词，“一条建议”应用a piece of advice。常用结构。 give sb.advice(on)/give advice给某人提（关于……的）建议；忠告某人。 ask(sb.)for advice征求（某人的）意见。 ①Marx gave us some good advice on how to learn a