初三英语定语从句用法详解

定语从句的用法

一、定语从句的概念

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。（尤其是限制性定语从句）

（定语在汉语中常用……的表示。它主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，

也可以有一个句子来担任。单词做定语是通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句做定语是则放在所修饰的词之后，做后置定

语。）

二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who（宾格

whom,所有格whose）等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定

语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

三、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。

1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去

2. 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法

1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。

Mary likes music that is quiet and ge ntle 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that 作主语）

The coat （that） I put o n the desk is blue我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾

语）

2. which 用于指物

The buildi ng which sta nds n ear the train stati on is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼

是一家超市。（作主语）

The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）

3. who, whom 用于指人

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女

孩是英国人。（作主语）

Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?（作宾语）注

意：whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用who 代替，可省略。

4 whose用于指人，也可以用于指物（相当于of which注明:whose=the+物/人+of which/whom ）

Do you like the book whose color is yellow?

Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in .

I once lived in the house ,the roof of which has fallen in .

5.关系词的区别

（1）关系词只能用that的情况：

a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时

He was the first pers on that passed the exam他是第一个通过考试的人。

b. 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除夕卜),few, all, none, little, some, the one 等不定代词时，

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？

c. 先行词被由the only ,the very, the same, the last ,every, any, all, some, no, little, few, mucheach 等修饰时.

This is the same bike that I lost这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时

I can remember well the pers ons and some pictures that I saw in the roor我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复

Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

f. 主句是there be 结构

There is an old man who wants to see you .

There is a book on the desk that bel ongs to Tom 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

(2)关系词不用that 的情况:

a. 先行词为that, those时

What' s that which is un der the desk在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

b. 关系代词前有介词时

This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。

c. 引导非限制性定语从句

Tom came back, which made us happy汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

(1) when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。(in/on/at/during +which)

This was the time whe n he arrived这是他至U达的时间。

(2) where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。(in/at+which)

This is place where he works这是他工作的地点。

(3) why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。 ( fo r/w h i ch )

Nobody knows the reas on why he is ofte n late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟至叽

六、图形总结如下

广从句缺主语先行词是人彳从句缺宾语

h从句缺定语who,that

whom,which,that,省略

whose

关系代词

先行词是物

从句缺主语which，that

从句缺宾语which,that，省略

从句缺定语whose

,r「

指时间when

彳指地点where >关系副词指原因

why

关系代词

练习一

1. 单项选择。

1. -Do you know the man _____ i s talking with your father?

-Yes, he ' s our headmaster.

A. he

B. who

C. which

D. whom

2. Is this the river ___ I can swim?

A. which

B. in which

C. that

D. the one

3. This is the best hotel in the city ____ I know.

A. where

B. which

C. that

D. it

4. Can you lend me the dictionary ____ the other day?

A. that you bought

B. you bought it

C. that you bought it

D. which you bought it

5. Anyone ____ with what I said may put up you hands.

A. which agrees

B. who agree

C. who agrees

D. which agree

6. My watch is not the only thing _____ is missing.

A. that

B. it

C. which D who

7. The man _____ coat is black is waiting at the gate

A. who ' s

B. whosCe. that D of which.

8. The girl ____ is reading under the tree ____ my sister.

A. which; is

B. whom; was

C. who; is

D. who; was

9. I love places ____ the people are really friendly.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. who

10. The house , ____ was destoryed in the terrible fire,has heen repaired.

A the roof of which

B which roof

C its roof

D the roof. n.用适当的关系词填空。

1. The first thing ____ you must do is to have a meal.

2. April 1st is the day ____ is called April Fool ' s Day in the west.

3. The family ____ had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.

4. The house ____ we live in is very old.

5. Didn ' t you see the man ______ I talked with just now?

6. He lives in the room ___ window faces to the south.

7. __________________________________________ He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school.

8. I 'm interested in all ____ you have said

9. I can never forget the day ____________ w e worked together and the day ______

we spent together.

10. This is the reason _________ h e did'nt come to the meeting.

11. _______________ The boy was here a minute ago is my friend.

12. ________________________ D ictionary is a book gives the meanings of words.

13.This letter is from the young man __________ w e met last month.

14. _______________ The film we saw last night was wonderful.

15. There is only one thing _______ I can do.

16. This is the boy ________ text book was lost.

17. _____________________________________ Carl still remembered the afternoon he got to the lab.

18. ______________________ This is the room we lived last year.

19. That's the very reason _______ I want to study English.

20. The reason ____ you ca'nt study English well is your laziness.

练习二

（一）用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。

1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.

2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.

3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.

4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.

5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.

6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.

7. The man was my uncle. The man waved to us.

8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.

9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.

10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.

（二）用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空

1. The house _____ we live in is very big.

2. The boy ____ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

3. This is the present ___ he gave me for my birthday.

4. The man _____ talked to you just now is an engineer.

5. He talked about the teachers and schools ______ he had visited.

6. There is nothing in the world _____ can frighten him.

7. She wears a gold ring, _____ is very uncommon in our class.

8. We visited a factory _____ makes toys for children.

9. Is this the place _____ your father once lived?

10. I ' ll never forget the days ______ I joined the League.

练习三

一、单项填空

1. ---Who is the man _____ was talking to our English teacher?

---Oh! It s'Mr Baker, our maths teacher.

A. he

B. that

C. whom

D. which

2. I hate the people ______ don ' t help others when they are in trouble.

A. who

B. which

C. they

D. where

3. The foreigner _______ visited our school is from Canada.

A. which

B. when

C. who

D. whom

4. George Mallory was an En glish school teacher

loved climb ing.

A. who

B. whom

C. he

D. which

5. This is the place ____ I have ever visited.

A. there

B. whe n

C. where

D. which

6. Nobody knows the reas on ____ she did n A. that B. which C. why

7. The moon is a world _____ t here is no life.

A. that

B. which

C. where

8. He has forgotte n the day _____ he arrived.

A. whe n

B. where

C. that 9. He still remembers the days _____ he spe nt with your family.

A. whe n

B. where

C. that

D. on which

10. Mr. White, ____ car had bee n stole n, came to the policema n.

A. who

B. that

C. whose

D. which

11. He got to the village ______ his family once lived before liberati on.

A. that

B. which

C. whe n

D. where

12. This is the house _______ I want to buy.

A. in which

B. that

C. whose

D. where

13. This is the house _______ o ur beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.

A. which

B. that

C. whe n

D. where

14. He didn ' t tell me the place ________ he was born.

A. that

B. which

C. whe n

D. where

15. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway stati on.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. whe n

16. I work in a bus in ess _____ almost every one is wait ing for a great cha nee.

A. how

B. which

C. where

D. that

17. Hele n was much kin der to her youn gest son tha n to the others, ____ , of course, made the others envy him.

A. who

B. that

C. what

D. which

18. America n wome n usually ide ntify their best friend as some one _____ t hey can talk freque ntly.

A. who

B. as

C. about which

D. with whom

19. The film brought the hours back to me ______ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.

A. un til

B. that

C. whe n

D. where

20. The famous scie ntist grew up ______ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shan ghai.

A. whe n

B. whe never

C. where

D. wherever

21. A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified no bleme n at court.

A. whe n

B. where

C. what

D. that

22. The Parkers bought a new house but _______ will need a lot of work before they can _move in.

A. they

B. it

C. one

D. which

23. Is this factory _____ y ou worked at?

A. the one

B. which

C. that

D. where

t come to the meet

ing.

D. whe n D. why

D. which

24. Is this the factory ______ you worked?

A. where

B. which

C. that

D. the one

25. ---Does the teacher know everybody _____ planted the trees?

---Yes, he does.

A. which

B. whose

C. where

D. who

26. The letter _____ I received from him yesterday is very important.

A. who

B. where

C. what

D. that

27. ---Where is the scientist ______ gave us the talk yesterday?

---He has gone back to Qinghua University.

A. whom

B. who

C. whose

D. which

28. I hate people ______ talk much but do little.

A. whose

B. whom

C. which

D. who

29. Do you know a boy ____ sister is a nurse in a hospital?

A. who

B. that

C. whom

D. whose

30. Is there a shop near here ___ we can buy vegetables and fruits?

A. which

B. when

C. who

D. where

、填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子

1. The boys _______ are playing football are from Class One.

2. Those ___ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.

3. Mr Liu is the person ______ you talked about on the bus.

4. The professor ______ you are waiting for has come.

5. Football is a game ______ i s liked by most boys.

6. He likes to read books ______ are written by foreign writers.

7. This is the pen ______ he bought yesterday.

8. We' ll go to hear the famous singer ______ we have often talked.

9. Where is the man _______ I saw this morning?

10. The season ________ comes after spring is summer.

11. I visited a scientist ______ name is known all over the country.

12. He has a friend ____ father is a doctor.

13. I once lived in the house ___ roof has fallen in.

14. I still remember the day ____ I first came to this school.

15. The time _____ we got together finally arrived.

16. Shanghai is the city ____ I was born.

17. The house ____ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

18. Please tell me the reason ____ you missed the plane.

19. The reason __ he was punished is unknown to us.

20. All the people ____ a re present burst into tears.

21. There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of _____ are well educated.

22. He succeeded in the competition, ___ made his parents very happy.

23. The school ____ he once studied is very famous.

24. Tomorrow I ' ll bring here the magazine ______ you asked.

25. This is the boy _____ I played tennis with yesterday.

初中英语定语从句的用法解析

初中英语定语从句的用法解析 【摘要】定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导（1）。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句，但对初中生来说，定语从句既是一个重点，也是一个难点。 【关键词】定语从句先行词关系代词关系副词 一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如： The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 先行词定语从句 昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。 二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系（2）。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如： I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （主语） 先行词关系代词 我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。 The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语) 先行词关系代词 我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。 The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定语) 先行词关系代词 那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达·布朗。 That is the house where my father used to live.(状语) 先行词关系副词 那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。 三、初中英语中的定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。 1. who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. （主语） 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 Mr Wang is the man (who / that / whom )you met in the zoo this morning.(宾语) 王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。 注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。 2. whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。 The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today. 其母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。 I have a story book whose cover is red. 我有一本封面是红色的故事书。 3. which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. （主语） 足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。 I don’t believe the news which / that Tom won the game. (宾语)

英语语法从句讲解

从句 从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类: 即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。 引导从句的词称作关联句. 一、名词性从句 引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词 who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,wh ose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。 其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分, 而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句) [提示]

1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语 从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.

(完整word版)英语定语从句用法详解

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