2017-2018学年上海市普陀区曹杨二中高三第二学期周测试卷 含答案和解析

上海曹杨二中2017-2018学年度第二学期

高三英语周测试卷

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Talking with—Not Just to—Kids Powers How They Learn Language Children from the poorer families begin life not only with material disadvantages but cognitive ones. Decades of research (1)____________(confirm) this, including a famous1995 finding by psychologists Betty Hart and Todd Risley: By age four children raised in poverty have heard 30 million fewer words, on average, than their peers from wealthier families. That gap has been linked to shakier language skills at the start of school, (2)____________, in turn, predicts weaker academic performance.

But just the quantity of words a toddler hears is not the most significant influence on language acquisition. Growing evidence has led researchers to conclude quality matters more than quantity, and (3)____________(valuable) quality seems to be back-and-forth communication—what researchers call conversational turns.

A paper(4)____________(publish) last week in Psychological Science brings a new kind of support to this idea, offering the first evidence that these exchanges play a vital role in the development of Broca’s area, the brain region most closely associated with producing speech. Further, the amount of conversational turns a child experiences daily outweighs socioeconomic status in predicting (5)____________ activity in Broca’s area and the child’s language skills.

The researchers confirmed the classic 1995 finding that, overall, kids from wealthier families hear more words. And small (6)____________ their sample was, they even confirmed the 30-million-word gap between the poorest and richest children. But they found that “by far the biggest driver for brain development was not the number of words spoken (7)____________ the conversations,” Gabrieli says.

The researchers calculated that a child’s verbal ability score increased (8)____________ one point for every additional 11 conversational exchanges per hour.

The study is a “very, very important” addition (9)____________ a growing body of work, says developmental psychologist Kathryn Hirsh-Pasek, director of the Infant Language Laboratory at Temple University. “We have known for quite a while that conversational turns—or (10)____________ in my work we call conversational duets—are very important for building a foundation for language and maybe for learning generally. What hadn’t been done is to link it where we knew it had to be linked—to changes in the brain.”

【答案】

1. have confirmed

2. which

3. the most valuable

4. published

5. both

6. as/though

7. but

8. by

9. to

10. what

【分析】

1.考察谓语动词时态语态。根据后面的句子中的时态“That gap has been linked”及主语“Decades of research（数十年的研究）”判断应该用现在完成时，且主动。

2.考察非限制性定语从句。“这一差距与上学初期不稳定的语言技能有着联系，而这反过来又预示着较差的学习成绩”，先行词language skills，在定从中做主语，故只能which。

3.考察最高级：“但是，仅仅是一个蹒跚学步的孩子听到的单词数量并不是对语言习得的最重要的影响。越来越多的证据表明，研究人员得出的结论是质量比数量更重要，而最有价值的品质似乎是来回交流，研究人员称之为“对话转换”。”

4.考察非谓语：该句已经有谓语动词brings，publish是做后置定语，且被动。

5.考察代词。在预测in Broca’s area的活动及孩子语言技能方面，这是两方面，故both。

6.考察连词。后面主句中有even表面逗号前后是转折关系，且从句中的表语small提前，表明倒装了，所以只能用as/though。

7.考察介词：“但是他们发现，到目前为止，大脑发育的最大驱动力并不是说的话的数量而是对话的数量”，不是…而是…not…but…

8.考察介词：“…孩子的语言能力得分就会增加1分”。表程度用by。

9.考察介词：a “very, very important” addition to sth. 对…的非常重要的补充…。根据add…to...得出。

10.考察连词：此题较难，所缺连词的从句在句中做主语从句，且和第二段的“and (23)____________(valuable) quality seems to be back-and-forth communication—what researchers call conversational turns.”中的这个结构一样，故填what。

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Lord of the Flies

Lord of the Flies is a 1954 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding. The book focuses on a group of British boys (1)__________ on an uninhabited island and their disastrous attempt to govern themselves.

The novel has been critically well (2)__________. It was named in the Modern Library 100 Best Novels, reaching number 41 on the editor's list, and 25 on the reader's list. In 2005 Time magazine named it as one of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005.

Published in 1954, Lord of the Flies was Golding's first novel. Although it was not a great success at the time, it soon went on to become a best-seller. It has been (3)__________ for film twice in English, in 1963 by Peter Brook and 1990 by Harry Hook.

The book takes place in the middle of an unspecified nuclear war. A plane carrying a group of

British schoolboys is shot down over the Pacific. The pilot of the plane is killed, but many of the boys survive the crash and find themselves deserted on an island, where they are alone without adult (4)__________. Some of them arrive as a musical choir(合唱队) under an established leader , while others are ordinary students. With the (5)__________ of the choirboys, some children like Sam and Eric, appear never to have encountered each other before. The book portrays their gradually becoming extremely cruel and violent. Left to themselves on a heavenly island, far from modern civilization, the well-educated children return to a primitive state.

Golding wrote his book as a counterpoint(对照) to R.M.'s youth novel The Coral Island (1858), and included specific references to it, such as the rescuing naval officer's description of the children's (6)__________ of Ralph, one of the kid leaders on island, as "a jolly(pleasant) good show, like the Coral Island". Golding's three central characters—Ralph, Piggy and Jack—have been (7)__________ as exaggerated versions of R.M.'s Coral Island leading characters.

At an allegorical(比喻的) level, the central theme is the (8)__________ of human desire for civilization and social organization—living by rules, peacefully—and for the (9)__________ to power. Several themes are revealed in the book, including the tension between groupthink and individuality, between rational and emotional reactions, between (40)__________ and aggression, and between morality and immorality. How these play out, and how different people feel the influences of these form a major subtext of Lord of the Flies.

【答案】1-10 FDBGJ KICEA

【分析】

1.考查分词作定语，根据意思是被困在一个荒岛上

2.考查分词作形容词，被广泛的接受

3.考查谓语动词，改编

4.考查名词，根据电影剧情，填写没有丑女人的监护

5.考查词组，with the exception of

6.考查名词，根据电影剧情，孩子们对于Ralph的追杀

7.考查固定搭配，interpret…as…

8.考查名词，根据这部作品反射出来的意义，人性的欲望和民主的冲突

9.考查名词，对于权力的欲望

10.考查名词，根据前面的对比，填写aggression的反义词

III. Reading Comprehension (15’+30’)

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

The picture of miseries and sufferings of the Black woman in America may appear, perhaps darker and more depressing than Dante’s(但丁) description of Hell because in the history of human race, the Black woman in America has suffered the most. A close and critical (1)_______ of the history of the Black woman’s life and condition since her arrival in a strange land will unfold very well the long story of her pain and sorrow (2)_______ her mutilated(被切断的) soul. Since her arrival on the foreign shore, the Black woman has been facing the worst kind of (3)_______ and oppression. As a Black she has had to endure all the horrors of slavery and has been the (4)_______ of continually inhumane treatment in all kinds of work, (5)_______ the lowest place on the wage scale and restricted to the lowest-status and the most uncreative jobs. Since times of slavery, Black womanhood has been destroyed, twisted and abused with racial and inhuman (6)_______ by black men and white men and women. In the process, they have lost their genuine "self", and have

developed a(n) (7)_______ in themselves—though as black women, they see themselves with the eyes of white men and women and black men. This has ultimately been responsible for the destruction of their self-confidence and the feeling of being human. They (8)_______ themselves as master s’ belongings.

As a mother she has seen her children sold into slavery. She has seen them left at home without attention while she (9)_______ to the needs of the children of the ruling class. She has seen her children suffer from drug addiction, the (10)_______ of decent education and experience attacks by a racist society, and (11)_______ the prisons of this nation. In addition, besides suffering the common fate of all oppressed people, the African-American women continue to (12)_______ the oppression of woman by men, which existed for long. In the home she becomes “the slave of a slave”. Men may be cruelly treated and subjected to all sorts of dehumanizing treatment on the part of the ruling class. (13)_______, at least they can take out their frustration on someone else, their women.

Thus feminism in America means much more than what it stands for in other European countries, chiefly because it has different role and meaning (14)_______ the Black women. If a feminist is commonly defined as one who is involved in transforming and (15)_______ familiar realities, then Black women are innate(天生的) feminists. Black women writing exhibits and constructs a Black women’s literary tradition that i s inherently feminist. Barbara Smith, an influential Black feminist critic, states that the ability of Black women to survive in the face of White America exhibits an innate feminist potential.

1. A. respect B. reference C. account D. expression

2. A. associated with B. completed with C. involved in D. joined by

3. A. exploration B. exhaustion C. exploitation D. explosion

4. A. article B. item C. substance D. object

5. A. including B. occupying C. containing D. striking

6. A. procedures B. processes C. descriptions D. practices

7. A. complexity B. anxiety C. simplicity D. gravity

8. A. look to B. look upon C. look over D. look through

9. A. took B. kept C. attended D. appealed

10. A. richness B. lack C. variety D. possibility

11. A. populating B. emphasizing C. charging D. criticizing

12. A. undertake B. underline C. undervalue D. undergo

13. A. Therefore B. Anyway C. However D. Moreover

14. A. with respect to B. in line with C. in addition to D. in parallel with

15. A. reappointing B. representing C. reconsidering D. reinterpreting 【答案】1-5：CACDB 6-10：DABCB 11-15：ADCAD

【分析】

1.考查名词。A. respect尊重B. reference参考C. account描述D. expression 表达，比较接近和历史的描述，选C。

2.考查词组，A. associated with 和…有关 B. completed with 被…完成 C. involved in 涉及D. joined by 加入。她的痛苦和悲伤和她被切断的灵魂相关联，选A。

3.考查名词，A. exploration 探索B. exhaustion筋疲力尽C. exploitation剥削D. explosion爆炸。承受所有糟糕的剥削和反对，选C。

4.考查名词，A. article 文章B. item 条款 C. substance物质 D. object 物体，对象。变成不断非人性对待的对象，选D。

5.考查动词，A. including包括B. occupying占据C. containing包括D. striking打击。占据地位最低的职业，选B。

6.考查名词，A. procedures手续B. processes 过程 C. descriptions描述 D. practices惯例。遭受黑人男性非人性的惯例对待，选D。

7.考查名词，A. complexity复杂的状态B. anxiety焦虑C. simplicity简朴 D. gravity严重。她们自身会患有一种复杂的情绪状态，选A。

8.考查词组，A. look to朝..看 B. look upon把…看做 C. look over翻阅D. look through看穿。她们把自己看做是主人的物品，选B。

9.考查词组，A. took to开始从事B. kept to遵守C. attended to照顾 D. appealed to吸引。她还要照顾统治阶级家的孩子，选C。

10.考查名词，A. richness富有B. lack缺少 C. variety 多样D. possibility可能性。缺少良好的教育，选B。

11.考查动词，A. populating 居住B. emphasizing强调C. charging收费，充电，控告，掌管

D. criticizing批评。居住在这个国家的监狱里，选A。

12.考查动词，A. undertake从事 B. underline在…下划线C. undervalue低估D. undergo经历。经历过男性对于女性的压制，选D。

13.考查连接词，A. Therefore因此B. Anyway不管怎样 C. However然而 D. Moreover此外。然而，至少他们可以向其他人发泄情绪，选C。

14.考查词组，A. with respect to关于B. in line with和…一致C. in addition to此外D. in parallel with与…平行。关于黑人女性不同的角色和意义，选A。

15.考查动词，A. reappointing再次委任B. representing代表 C. reconsidering重新考虑 D. reinterpreting重新诠释。涉及到转变和重新诠释熟悉的现时世界，选D。

Section B

Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

I was at the funeral of my dearest friend--my mother. She finally had lost her long battle with cancer. The hurt was so intense; I found it hard to breathe at times. Always supportive, Mother clapped loudest at my school plays, held the box of tissues while listening to my first heartbreak, comforted me at my father's death, and prayed for me my entire life.

When mother's illness was diagnosed, my sister had a new baby and my brother had recently married his childhood sweetheart, so it fell on me, the 27-year-old middle child, to take care of her.

I counted it an honor. My place had been with our mother, preparing her meals, taking her to the doctor, reading the Bible together.Now she was in heaven. My work was finished, but I was alone.

Deep in sorrow, suddenly, I heard a door open and slam shut at the back of the church. Quick footsteps hurried along the carpeted floor. A young man looked around briefly and then sat next to me. He folded his hands and placed them on his lap. His eyes started to be filled with tears.

"I'm late," he explained, though no explanation was necessary.

After several eulogies, he leaned over and commented, "Why do they keep calling Mary by the name of Margaret?''

"Because, that was her name, Margaret. Never Mary." I whispered, wondering who the stranger was anyway.

"Isn't this the Lutheran church?"

"No, the Lutheran church is across the street."

"Oh..."

"I believe you're at the wrong funeral, Sir."

The solemness(庄重) of the occasion mixed with the realization of the man's mistake bubbled up inside me and came out as laughter. Sharp looks from other mourners(哀悼者) only made the situation seem more stupid. I peeked at the confused, misguided man seated beside me. He was laughing too, as he glanced around, deciding it was too late for an uneventful exit. I imagined Mother laughing.

At the final 'Amen,' we rushed out a door and into the parking lot. "I do believe we'll be the talk of the town. By the way, my name is Rick." he smiled.

That afternoon began a lifelong journey for me with this man who attended the wrong funeral, but was in the right place. A year after our meeting, we were married at a country church. This time we both arrived at the same church, right on time.

In my time of sorrow, God gave me laughter. In place of loneliness, God gave me love. This past June, we celebrated our twenty-second wedding anniversary. Whenever anyone asks us how we met, Rick tells them, 'Her mother and my Aunt Mary introduced us, and it's truly a match made in heaven.'

1. Only author could take care of her mom mainly because ________.

A. she was the only child in the family

B. a lovely baby came into her brother’s family

C. she was the only child without a new family’s burden

D. her mom loved her much more than other children

2. What can we infer from the passage?

A. The author and Rick met 22 years ago for the first time.

B. The author was supposed to have been in Lutheran Church.

C. Margaret should be the name of Rick’s aunt.

D. The mourners considered the author’s joy improper.

3. What could be the best title of the passage?

A. Hope Remaining at the Funeral

B. A Heavenly Encounter

C. Two Funerals at One Time

D. Seeking God’s Everlasting Love

【答案】1.C 2. D 3.B

【分析】

1.细节理解题。根据第二段的“my sister had a new baby and my brother had recently married

his childhood sweetheart…”,故选C。

2.推断题。根据文章The author and Rick应该是23年前第一次相遇。应该是Rick在Lutheran

Church。Rick’s aunt 的名字是Mary。从“…came out as laughter. Sharp looks (犀利的目光)from other mourners(哀悼者)…”判断D。

3.根据全文，且最后一段的“Whenever anyone asks us how we met, Rick tells them, 'Her mother

and my Aunt Mary introduced us, and it's truly a match made in heaven.”，选B。

(B)

day, once every 74 minutes.

B. When it is erupting, people should keep a safe distance from that due to the huge amount of water it expels as well as its freezing coldness.

C. Old Faithful is a well-known geyser which can expel at least 3700 gallons water each time and it’s located in the world’s largest national park.

D. If visitors want to check the eruption time, they may refer to the posted timetables, on which the predictions are calculated by the naturalists.

3. Where does the article most probably appear?

A.The Yellowstone official website.

B. Local travel pamphlets introducing Yellowstone.

C. A recently-issued guide book on Yellowstone.

D. A travel magazine column about Yellowstone.

【答案】1.C 2.D 3.A

【分析】

1.细节理解题。根据第二段Intervals can range from 60-110 minutes.可知12:26加上110分钟得出14:16.所以答案C。

2.细节理解题。根据第二段Basic prediction of Old Faithful is dependent upon the duration of the previous eruption. During visitor center hours, geyser statistics and predictions are maintained by the naturalist staff。

3.由文章的开头可以看出是网站。

(C)

Science advances fastest when data and conclusions are shared as quickly as possible. Yet it is common practice for medical researchers to conceal results for months or years until research is published in an academic journal. Even then, the data supporting a study are often not revealed.

The motive to withhold findings is powerful. Journal papers are the key measure of a scientist’s productivity. To win research money and get promoted, scientists need to increase an impressive list of publications. Yet the delays in spreading knowledge have the capacity to do real harm. Nor are elite journals the guardians of quality that they often claim to be. The number of papers so flawed that they need to be retracted has risen sharply in the past two decades. Studies in elite journals (such as Nature and Science) are no statistically stronger than those in lesser journals.

Science should not, and need not, be restrained by journal publication. Three sensible reforms would ensure that researchers’ results could be communicated to more people more quickly, without any decline in quality. Step one is for the organizations that finance research to demand that scientists put their academic papers, along with their experimental data, in publicly accessible “databases” before they are sent to a journal. That would allow other researchers to make use of the findings without delay. Those opposing such “preprints” argue that they allow work of poor quality to grow wildly because it has not yet been peer-reviewed. That may surprise physicists and mathematicians, who have been posting work to arXiv, a preprint database, for more than 25 years with no ill effects.

Step two is to improve the process of peer review itself. Journals currently administer a system of organizing anonymous peer reviewers to pass judgment on new research—a fact they use, in part, to justify their sky-high subscription prices. But this process tends to be abused. At its worst, groups of researchers are suspected of guaranteeing favorable reviews for each other’s work. Better that reviewers are named and that the reviews are published. The Gates foundation has announced

its support for an online database where such open peer review of papers takes place. The database was launched last year by the Wellcome Trust, meaning that the world’s two largest medical charities have thrown their weight behind it. Others should follow.

Finally, science needs to stop relying so much on journal publication as the only recognized credential for researchers and the only path to career progression. Tools exist that report how often a preprint has been viewed, for example, or whether a clinical data set has been cited in guidelines for doctors. A handful of firms are using artificial intelligence to assess the scientific importance of research, disregarding how it has been spread. Such approaches need encouragement. Journals may lose out, but science itself will benefit.

1.The passage primarily argues ________.

A. why scientists should timely make public their information with other peers

B. how a reliable system that promotes fast sharing of academic outcomes can be established

C. how the scientific circle ensures the quality of those research papers published in journals

D. what the difference is between the studies posted to preprint databases and the elite journals

2. Which of the following is NOT the reason why scientists hold back their findings?

A. They want to climb up the career ladders.

B. They want to show their capacity of yielding great researches.

C. They want to ensure the scientific validity before releasing them.

D. They want to get funded for their study.

3. What does the underlined word “anonymous” probably mean?

A. showing strong ability

B. identified by many people

C. unknown by name

D. having great authority

4. What can help reduce academics’ dependence on journal publication?

A. Using tools to report the frequency of a preprint being viewed.

B. Firms using advanced technology to produce a research.

C. Citing doctors’ guideline in processing a clinical data.

D. Finding methods to assess the way those studies are shared or spread.

5. Which one of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?

A. Full trust can be put in elite journals like Science and Nature.

B. The prospect of scientific journals undoubtedly outweighs that of science.

C. The popularity of preprint will inevitably bring about a careless academic world.

D. Organizations ought to employ an open measure to conduct the peer review.

【答案】1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.D

【分析】

1.通读全文可知答案B。. how a reliable system that promotes fast sharing of academic outcomes can be established

2.细节题。根据文章第二段可知A B D正确。

3.词义辨析题。anonymous 匿名的。结合文章意思可知为C。

4.结合最后一段可知，使用工具去报道非正式样本被评论的频率。

5.主旨大意题。作者认为，机构应该使用一个公开的方法去实施同行评审。

Section C

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.

Gun laws in America are already so weak, it must be tough to find ways to make them even looser. But you have to give gun lobbyists(游说者) credit. They've come up with some new ideas and found friends in Congress to promote them, even as the nation is in deep sadness due to the 58 people killed at a music festival in Las Vegas.

At the top of the wish list: a push to make it easier to buy gun silencers. (1)__________. At worst, they would put innocent people and police officers in graver danger.

The changes are tucked(塞) into a measure called the Sportsmen's Heritage and Recreational Enhancement (SHARE) Act. The seemingly harmless title tries to hide its most controversial content. The proposal getting the most attention is a move to make it easier to buy silencers. (2)__________. But when opponents argue that silencers will make it harder to hear gunshots, those same supporters insist it isn't so. Sorry, but they can't have it both ways.

Silencers have been available to hunters and others under the current law since 1934. But the National Rifle Association thinks it takes too much trouble to buy one. Buyers must pass a criminal background check, turn over their fingerprints to the government, and pay a $200 fee. Silencers are registered, and transfers are tracked. (3)__________.

Two days after the Las Vegas massacre(屠杀), a group of House Democrats called on House Speaker Paul Ryan to ensure that the SHARE measure won’t be taken up by the House. But the best Ryan could know was, “I don’t know when it’s going to be scheduled.”

Ryan and other Republicans who have opposed every previous effort to pass gun measures said this week they'd consider banning "bump stocks," an extra piece of equipment the Las Vegas shooter used to make his semi-automatic weapon even more dangerous. Also, the NRA talked favorably about "additional regulations" but not a new law. (4)__________.

Controlling gun violence should be at the top of Congress' agenda. Instead, according to the gun lobby's demand, it is looking at weakening existing restrictions. That is pathetic.

【答案】BAFD

【分析】

1 根据第二段第三句At worst, they would put innocent people and police officers in graver danger.不难看出At worst 和选项B的The idea would, at best, place the convenience of gun owners over the safety of the public的at best相对比，故选B。

2.根据第三段第五句But when opponents argue that silencers will make it harder to hear gunshots, those same supporters insist it isn't so. 得知But when opponents argue 与选项A. Supporters of the measure argue that hunters need them to protect their hearing中Supporters of the measure argue形成对比，故选A。

3.根据第四段But the National Rifle Association thinks it takes too much trouble to buy one. Buyers must pass a criminal background check, turn over their fingerprints to the government, and pay a

上海市2018-2019学年曹杨二中高一上期末数学期末试卷

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【物理】上海曹杨二中九年级上册期末精选试卷检测题 一、初三物理电流和电路易错压轴题（难） 1．酸甜多汁的水果不仅可以为我们的身体提供营养，还可以发电呢！小梦将接有导线的铜片和铝片插入橙子中，一个水果电池就做成了，如图所示。那么水果电池的正极是哪个金属片呢？给你电流表、电压表、发光二极管和导线若干，请选择其中合适的器材设计一个实验方案进行探究。 （1）选用的器材：______________________________________________； （2）探究的方法：______________________________________________________。 【答案】电压表、导线若干将电压表的正接线柱与铜片相连，再把与锌片相连的导线与电压表的负接线柱进行试触，若电压表指针正向偏转，说明与电压表正接线柱连接的铜片是水果电池的正极；若电压表反向偏转，锌片是电池的正极 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 由电流表、电压表和二极管的连接方法知，电流必须从正接线柱流入，从负接线柱流出，故可把电压表、电流表或发光二极管接在水果电池两极，观察指针的偏转方向或发光二极管是否发光，从而确定出电池的正负极。 (1)[1]选用的器材：电压表和导线若干。 (2)[2]探究的方法：将电压表的正接线柱与铜片相连，再把与锌片相连的导线与电压表的负接线柱进行试触，若电压表指针正向偏转，说明与电压表正接线柱连接的铜片是水果电池的正极；若电压表反向偏转，锌片是电池的正极。 2．小明利用如图所示的电路“探究串、并联电路中电流的关系“． （1）探究串联电路中电流的关系．

①用笔画线代替导线将开关S3连入电路中________．（要求：只闭合开关S3后，R1、R2以及电流表串联；导线不许交叉） ②小明将S3闭合后，发现电流表均无示数．于是他用一只电压表对电路故障（电路中只有一处故障）进行了检测，将电压表接在R1两端时，电压表与电流表均无示数；接在R2两端时，电压表有示数，电流表无示数．电路中的故障是________．小明排除故障后继续实验，读出了电路中各电流表的示数，得到了串联电路中电流的关系是：串联电路中各处电流相等． （2）完成上述实验后，小明继续探究并联电路中电流的关系． ①各开关的连接情况是________（填写各开关断开或闭合）． ②分析实验中各电流表的读数（如图所示），可知并联电路中电流的关系是________：． ③电阻R1：R2=________． （3）为了验证结论的普遍性，你可以采用的方法是：________． （拓展）在电源电压不变的情况下，小明两次实验中电路消耗的最大功率与最小功率之比P最大：P最小=________． 【答案】R2断路闭合S1、S2断开S3 并联电路干路电流等于各支路电流的和1:2改变电源电压9:2 【解析】 【分析】 （1）按从电源正极依次连接，一条路径将所有用电器连接起来； （2）闭合开关后，电流表无示数，说明电路故障为断路；电压表的示数接近电源电压，说明电压表的正负接线柱与电源两极相连； （3）通过开关的断开与闭合判断出并联电路； （4）根据实验数据得到并联电路电流的规律； （5）多次测量找普遍规律，可以改变电源电压； （6）根据电功率的公式算出两次电功率的比值。 【详解】 （1）①按从电源正极依次把各个元件连接起来，组成了一条电流的路径，电路连接如图所示：