自考英语二重点语法复习笔记
虚拟语气是把作者想陈述的动作当成一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推测”，而不是当作客观现象中真实事件。它表达的是怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设、想象或祝愿等。该语法现象应用在非真实条件中，包括虚拟条件句、推测条件句和错综复杂条件句。这里所说的非真实条件句，大家便会联想到if这个词，如果我们在句子中看到if引导的条件从句是以动词的过去式作为句子的主要谓语的话，我们就应基本设定它为虚拟语气。
如果句子中出现了wish这个词，我们应该明白要考虚拟了。Wish如果在句子中表达的是与现在事实相反的结果，如果考系动词，一定要选择were；如果没有系动词，只是一个简单的动词，那么我们要选择它的过去式；第二，如果wish表达的是与过去事实相反的结果，那么我们就用had+过去分词（或would/could+ have+过去分词）；如果wish表示的是将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/should(could, might)+动词原形。看几个例子：
I wish she were here.对现在的虚拟，而且出现系动词了，用were.
I wish she had taken my advice.从句意了解到，这个动作应该发生在过去，所以虚拟，虚拟应该用动词的过去完成式（当然里面可能会出现被动形式had been done）.
I wish you would go with us tomorrow.表达的是将来没有有把握实现的愿望，用would+ to的形式。实战一下：
A: You have made some mistakes.
B:I wish I____ mistakes every day.
A. don?t make
B. haven?t c. wo u ldn?t have made D. didn?t make
every day 足以说明对现在的虚拟，应用动词的过去式，选D。
A：What would you wish to do if you were a college student again?
B: That?s very hard to say, but I wish I____
A. have not studied psychology
B. did study psychology
C. had studied psychology
D. studied psychology
句子中出现了were ,说明是对过去的虚拟，应用过去完成式，选C。
I didn?t go to the football match, but I do wish I___ there.
A. went
B. was
C. were
D. had been
句子中出现了动词的过去式didn’t go to, 说明是对过去的虚拟，选择过去完成式，选D。
if only在虚拟语气中的解题技巧
它表示的是“要是…就好了”。从这种翻译的语意当中我们可以体会到：说话人是出于一种愿望或遗憾/后悔的心情。这就需要用虚拟的情况，如果它是对现在没有实现的愿望的虚拟，后面考点一定要用动词的过去式，如果表示对过去没有实现的愿望的虚拟，后面的考点一定要用动词的过去完成形式（当然也会出现有被动语态的情况，小心！）举例：
If only I could speak several foreign languages! 这句话明显是说话人对过去发生事情的一种遗憾心情，证明结果并没有找到，因此我们用动词的过去完成形式。
Look at the terrible situation（局面）I am in ! If only I____ your advice.
A. follow
B. had followed
C. would follow
D. have followed
解析：从句意中我们体会到，这人的做法是没有听他的的意见。应选B（动词的过去完成式）
If only I___ the examination!
A. have passed
B. pass
C. will pass
D. passed
解析：“我要是考试能及格该多好啊！”属于有些心虚的那种感叹或祝愿。可以体会出是对现在/未来的虚拟，选D。
If only she ___of Aunt Ruth!（露丝）
A. was not so terribly frightened（害怕）
B. would be so not terribly frightened
C. will not be so terribly frightened
D. were not so terribly frightened
解析：虚拟语气中be 的用法仅为were/should be 形式，不可能出现is/was/has/will/shall等形式。
排除A和C，那么if only 后面有两种动词形式可以出现：过去式和过去完成式，选择D。
If only I_____ how to operate a computer!
A. learned
B. would learn
C. have learned
D. had learned
解析：排除B和C，说话人对自己不能使用计算机表示遗憾，是对过去没能掌握计算机的遗憾，选D。
记牢下面这些动词，它们主要的考点是要考查你知不知道这些词一旦出现，后面要用虚拟的状态。当然，这些动词会在句子中充当谓语，一般都会以它的过去式出现，后面都接that从句，从句中必然有一条横线，要求你来选择或填写从句中的虚拟动词状态。我们称之为用在一些动词后面的宾语从句的虚拟考点，这些词包括suggest（建议）,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,decide,order,promise,ask , move,recommend,advise,urge,demand,instruct,direct,provide,etc,这些词汇一旦出现，我们应立即反应出它要考我虚拟了，后面从句中的谓语动词用（should）+动词原形do (当然包括被动状态be done,这要根据具体的句意来定，通常可以这样来考虑：如果横线前面是人，横线里一定要填do/be done;如果横线前面是物，不是人，那肯定填写be done).
They requested that he sing a song。我们必须首先发现requested, 看到后马上反应出后面一定是原形动词，只不过可以是主动，可能是被动。
She insisted that the seats be booked in advance. 首先发现insisted.
实战：The city council ordered spitting_____ on the streets.
A. was prohibited(禁止)
B. is prohibited
C. be prohibited
D. be prohibiting
解析：虽然ordered 后面没有that ,被动，选C。
The teacher recommended（推荐）that Jack _D_ maths or physics instead of English because he was quick at numbers.
A. must study
B. could study
C. studied
D. study
The doctor urged（催促）that she __C__ an operation as early as possible.
A. had
B. has
C. have
D. would have
The manager of the hotel requested that their guests ___ after 11:00p.m.
A. not to play loud music
B. shouldn?t play loud music
C. don?t play loud music
D couldn?t loud music
解析：选B，should既可以省略，也可以添加。
He suggested __D _to tomorrow?s exhibition(展览) together.
A. us to go
B. we went
C. we shall go
D. we go
一般情况下在考虚拟语气的时候，横线前面的那个词多为第三人称he/she/Jack人名等。
回顾：
1.If only I ____D__ there.
a. have not been
b. would not been
c. will not be
d. had not been
解析:答案正确.这明显是对过去的虚拟,用过去完成,恭喜恭喜!
2.Tom would buy that bicycle but he __c____ no money.
a. had
b. has
c. had had
d. has had
解析:这题就考虑歉佳了,首先不能考虑B和D,因为前面有would,同时它是对过去的虚拟啊,用过去完成.选
C.
3. I didn?t go to the party, but I do wish I __C___ there.
a. was
b. were
c. had been
d. went
解析:答案正确.前面出现didn't,说明是对过去的虚拟,用过去完成.恭喜恭喜!
4. It is time we ____B__ up our results.
a. sum
b. summed
c. will sum
d. would sum
解析:答案正确.前面出现了熟悉的句型,It is time that,后面一定要用过去式,恭喜恭喜!
5.Dr Bethune( 白求恩) worked hard as if he __B____.
a. never had felt tired
b. had never felt tired
c. never felt tired d . was tired never
解析:答案正确.前面出现worked,后面一定是对过去的虚拟,用过去完成.恭喜恭喜!
6. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I ___D___ the book from which it was made.
a. have read
b. should have read
c. am reading
d. had read
解析:答案正确.从句意分析wish后是对过去的虚拟,用过去完成.况且另三个答案A,B,C从形式上都不符合虚拟语气的要求!恭喜恭喜!
7. It is strange that such a thing ___C___ in your school.
a. will happen
b. happens
c. should happen
d. happened
解析:答案正确.前面出现熟悉的形容词strange,后面一定用(should)+动词原形.恭喜恭喜!
8.If she could sew,___B___.？
a. she make a dress
b. she would have made a shirt
c. she will make a shirt
d. she would had made a coat
解析:这题做得有些眼睛发花了吧!你的答案D中出现的是would had,这怎么可能呢?怎么可能是had
呢?would后面怎么着也是动词原形吧!你肯定一激动,看见了答案中有过去不可能完成事实的虚拟would have,正确的答案应该是B.小心啊!这可是1分啊!你已经认识到了事物的本质,可决策做得不够细致!不过,值得鼓励!
9. “Did you notice John was not at work today?”
“No. If ___C__ working, I would have noticed it.”
a. I’d be
b. I wasn’t
c. I’d been
d. weren’t
解析:这题又眼花了!怎么回事?别经常激动啊!后面出现would have,前面肯定是had(been),怎么选A去了!选
C.
10.“Why don’t you explain it to her?”
“I ___A__ it to her if I thought she would understand.”
a.would explain
b. will explain
c. explain
d. would have explained
解析:这题又晕了!它说的含义是"我本来可以向她解释的",这是对过去事实相反的虚拟句子,应该选D.况且后面有would。
通过这位学友的做题方式和解题思路,我已经看到了大家战胜虚拟语气的信心和曙光,大家对于有些题目的做题技巧很迅速,但并不细致和完整,不过,照此思路坚持下去,你说以后还有必要做虚拟部分的练习吗?速度+耐
心细致=80%成功,那20%呢?运气!
用在一些名词后的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，这些词包括：necessary,imperative（命
令）,important,essential（要素、必要的）,advisable（可取的、明智的）,ordered,proposed（推荐）,desired （渴望）,requested,suggested（建议）,recommended（劝告）,demanded（要求、询问）,decided(用于主语从句中，形式为It is ...that),order,instruction,motion（移动）,advice,demand,necessity, decision （决定n）,proposal(提出),requirement, idea,recommendation,request,plan,desire等（用于同位语从句或表语从句），这时谓语动词用动词原形或should+动词原形。
练习：It is necessary that some immediate effort（努力、成就）__(made).
解析：前面出现了necessary that,后面肯定虚拟了，用原形。或者再一看横线前不是人，填原形的被动be made It is necessary that a university student _B_at least one for foreign language.
A. maintains
B. maintain
C. will maintain D shall maintain
It is recommened that the project __B__ until all the preparations have been made.
A. is not started
B. not be started
C. will not be started
D. is not to be started
I don’t think it advisable tha t Tom __to the job since he has no experience.
A.is assigned
B. will be assigned C, be assigned D. has been assigned（分配）
答案：前面出现advisable that ,后面原形，被动，选C。
“What are the qualifications of a good teacher?”（资格、学历）
“It is essential that he __A_strict with his students.”
A. be
B. will be
C. can be
D. could be
所谓同位语从句，简单地说，就是前面出现了一个名词，而后面的从句内容是对前面名词的再解释和体现。当然这些名词也很好记，把那些需要记住的动词和形容词就行了。如：require---requirement,recommend—recommendation等。表语从句类推。
He issued the order that the troops（军队）_____ (withdraw撤回) at once.
解析：前面出现order that ,后面原形，填写withdraw.
It is my desire that all the members of the family ____ (gather聚集) once a year.
回顾：
The local（地方的）health organization is reported _C__ twenty-five years age when Dr. Adudon became its first president. （总统）
A. to be set up
B. being set up
C. to have been set up
D. having bee n set up
解析:学员选的是D.我们来分析一下."地方保健组织据报道25年前就成立了".首先你应弄清楚组织成立在前,还是据报道在前?肯定是成立在前吧.只有成立了才能被报道啊!这里一定有完成.排除A,B.另外,report后要求用动词不定式样结构,所以选C.
Although the lecture（讲座）had already been on for five minutes，I still was not able to find a chair_C___.
A. to sit B．for to sit on C．to sit on D．for sitting
解析:sit是不及物动词,你还记得有个词组sit down吗?后面应该有个介词给予搭配,因此选C.
Lots of empty boots were found under the old man’s bed. He must have done nothing but ____A__.
A. drink
B. to drink
C. drinking
D. drunk
解析:这是一个习惯用语,have nothing but do,通过这个结构,我们可以自然而然地解出答案是A.
It is(high, about)time…句型后用虚拟语气，这时谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”。
例：It is high time that we were off.
It is high time that somebody taught you to behave（表现v）yourself.
实战一下，你觉得快不快！
It is time A about the traffic problem downtown（市中心的）.
A.something was done
B. anything will be done
C. everything is done
D. nothing to be done
解析：前面见到了It is time that...后面考点一定是动词的过去式，但要注意有的句子里会有被动情况发生，需要小心！选A。
It’s already 5 o’clock now.Don’t you think it’s about time C ?
A. we are going home
B. we go home
C. we went home
D.we can go home
It is high time we A drug (毒品)trafficking（非法交易）.
A. did away with
B. do away with
C. did away
D. should do away with
解析：看清楚了吗？只有A和C符合条件，在头脑中搜搜词组搭配，选A。
Everybody has arrived. It’s time we D the meeting.
A. would start
B. had started
C. shall start
D. started
在for fear that, in order that, in case,lest引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词一般用should(could, might)+动词原形。
He reminded her twice of it lest she (should) forget. (remind:提醒)
I will not make a noise for fear that I (should, might) disturb you.
The students are working hard for fear that they B in the exam.
A. will fail
B. should fail
C. failed
D. fails
解析：见到for fear that，后面原形，选B。注意有时可能出现被动。
You’d better take an umbrella （伞）with you in case it A .
A. should rain
B. will rain
C. have rained
D. can rain
The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he A himself.
A. injure（伤害）
B.had injured
C.injured
D.would injure
Tony doesn’t dare（敢）to leave the house in case B .
A. he will recognize
B.he should be recognized（认出）
C.he is recognized
D.he recognizes
Sinclair is working hard for fear that he C .
A. fell behind
B.may fall behind
C.should fall behind
D.would fall behind
1、以as if(as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去式，表示与过去事实相反，用had+过去分词。表示将来的可能性不大，用would(might, could)+动词原形(后面这个考试中不经常出现，但不怕一万，就怕万一)。
He talks as if he knew all about it.(因为前面有talks，说明是对现在的虚拟,后面应用过去时)。
I feel as if we had known each other for years.(句意很简单，同时有明显的时间状语for years，说明对过去的虚拟，后面用过去完成时)。
It isn’t as if he were poor.(前面出现isn't，说明对现在的虚拟，后面用过去时，同时注意：系动词be在虚拟语气里不可能出现is/was，只能用were或原形be动词)。
She speaks English as if she C an Englishman.
A. be
B. is
C. were
D. is being 前面动词现在时，后面用过去时，选C。
Franklin looked as though he D ill for a long time.
A. was
B. were
C. has been
D. had been 前面动词过去时，后面过去完成时，选D。
Kitty talks as if she B on the spot.(场所、斑点)
A. is
B.were
C.has been
D.be
Jeff looked as if he C a ghost.
A. saw
B.has seen
C.had seen
D.would see
would rather后用虚拟语气。
我教你一招：你一旦看到了这样的句型：would rather+人/that从句时(必须要有人或that从句，否则后面+动词原形/完成形式，形成would rarher do/would rather have done句型)，后面考点一定用动词过去时。
I’d much rather that you tomorrow than today.
A. came
B. will come
C. had come
D. is coming
：看见了would rather+you，后面选动词过去时，选A。
I’d rather you C make any comment(注释) on the issue for the time being.
A. don’t
B.wouldn’t
C.didn’t
D.shouldn’t
I’d rather you B anything about it for the time being.
A.say
B.didn’t say
C.don’t say
D.not say
I’d rather you B about it for the time being.
A.don’t think
B.didn’t think
C.would not think
D.had not thought
The manager would rather that his wife B work in the same office as he does.
A. does not
B.did not
C.would not
D.will not
英语二考试的重中之重的考点
非真实if条件句中的虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反
句型：If+主语+动词ed+……,主语+would(should ,could, might)+动词原形…
属于与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句(句中的be动词，不管主语的人称是单或复数，一律用were)。记住：如果这部分句型中有be，前面不管是单数还是复数
If I knew his address, I would write to him.
If it were to rain tomorrow, I would not go there.(对未来的虚拟)
If the sea 500 feet, India would become an island.
A. is to rise
B. has risen
C. were risen
D. were to rise
解析：看到主句中出现了would(是词的过去时)，证明这将是非真实条件句，需要用虚拟语气的形式。同时发现答案中有be，那么选D。可千万别选C啊，那样不就成了过去形式的被动语态啦。
right now,she would get there on Sunday.
A. Would she leave
B.If she leaves
C.Were she to leave
D.If she had left
解析：分析如上题一样，看到后面would，该怎么办？对了，说明对现在的虚拟(right now)，选C。这道题省略了if，把Were提前了。
非真实if条件句中的虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反
句型：If+主语+had+动词ed……, 主语+would(should, could, might)+have+动词
2ed……用再糙点儿话：一看到这种复合句，前面有had(been)done，后面那句话里面一定考would have(been)done;如果前面出现would have(been)done,后面一定考
had(been)done。时刻关注一下是否有被动的含义！！！
If I had known your address, I would have written to you..
Had he worked harder, he the exam.
A. must have got through
B. could get through
C. would get through
D. would have got through
解析：前面出现了had，中间有逗号，后面一定考什么来着？对了，一定有would have(been)done，选D。我又省略了if，你发现了吗？我把Had 提前了。
The millions of calculations( 计算)involved（有关联的）, had they been done by hand, all practical （实践的）value（价值）by the time they were finished.
A. could lose
B. might lose
C. would have lost
D. ought to have lost
解析：横线前面出现了had been，后面一定考would have(been)done，选C。又省略if啦，我的马甲又脱啦！
If the whole operation beforehand(事先),a great deal of time and money would have been lost.
A.was not planned
B.has not been planned
C.had not been planned
D.were not planned
解析：后面出现would have been，前面该啥来着？恭喜你，选C。
Had he worked harder,he B the exams.
A. must have got through
B.would have got throu gh
C.would get through
D.could get through
for your laziness,you could have finished the assignment by now.
A. Had it not been
B.It were not
C.weren’t
D.Had not it been
解析：后面出现could have been，前面一定出现？？恭喜你，选A。千万别被D骗了，只有have和it形成了倒装，否定词not不动原来的位置(原句正常的句型应该是：If it had not been...)
以“未来不太可能发生的事”为条件的虚拟条件句
句型：If +主语+should+动词原形……, 主语+should(would, could, might)+动词原形……
这种题考察的频率不高，大家可给予一般性了解。
If it tomorrow, I would not go.
A. should rain
B. would rain
C. will rain
D. is going to rain
解析：您可别前后句同时出现would/should，怎么着也得插开啦啊！选A。
表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件
句型：If +主语+were to+动词原形……, 主语+would(should, could, might)+动词原形（无论主语人称是什么，一律接were to）。
If the sun A in the west, I would follow you.
A. were to rise
B. was to rise
C. had risen
D. would rise
不定式的完成时用在intend, mean, plan, suppose等动词后，表示原打算做而实际上未能做成的事；“need+have+done”表示有必要做的事。
Mr. Brown is supposed for Italy last week.
A. to have left
B. to be leaving
C. to leave
D. to have been left
解析：suppose本身后面就应该接to，同时last week告诉我们：这件事情本来应该做，但实际上没做成，来吧！选A。
You all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.
A. needn’t have done
B. must not have done
C. shouldn't have done
D. can not have done
解析：从句意我们可以看出来，你没有必要去做，因为我们有计算机帮助。选A。
有些词汇需引起注意，如but for, otherwise, but that, without,provided that(可用if换用)…。
Planets would die without water on the earth.
But for the fog we would have reached our destination long ago.
Seize the chance, otherwise you would regret it.
He was willing to give the job to me provided that I could assure him I could do it well.
实战一下：
We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we him.
A. had telephoned
B. would telephone
C. must have telephoned
D.would have telephoned
解析：按照其原本的意图，“我们就打电话给他了”，其实这件事并没做成，但在说话者的思想中已经完成了，选D。
But for water, people D live on the earth.
A. can
B. will be able to
C. make
D. could
We didn’t know you were ill.Otherwise to see you.
A. we’d have come
B.we’d come
C.we were to come
D.we could come
解析：选A，因为前面出现了otherwise，说明说话者的头脑中已经完成了动作，但实际上并没有做到。The man showed us his ID card.Without that,we stopped him from getting in.
A. would have
B.would
C.had
D. have
解析：假设的情况，使用虚拟，选A。
二、非谓语动词/动名词
之所以称之为“非谓语动词”，说明这类成分在句子中并不是做谓语成分。非谓语动词有三种：动名词，动词不定式，分词。动名词是动词的一种非限定形式，其构成是：动词原形+ing，其动词的变化如同现在进行时的动词变化，与现在分词也同形。之所以称之为“动名词”，说明它兼有动词和名词的特征和作用。
动名词做主语
先看个例子：Saying is easier than doing.(say原本是动词，这里+ing后变成了名词形式，做主语，同时than后面进行同等形式的比较，因此do+ing)。
Your drinking so much wine is not good for your health.
实战一下：
“I did it again. I slept until noon.”
" through the alarm seems to be your biggest problem."
A. Asleep
B. To sleep
C. To be asleep
D. Sleeping
解析：后面出现了seems to做谓语，说明前面通通地做主语，选D。
注意：use, useless,good, pity（同情、可惜）, time, fun（快乐）, hard, nice, difficult, worth,worthwhile（值得做的）,interesting, better,foolish, crazy（荒唐的）等名词或形容词做表语时，用it做形式主语，把做主语的动名词后置。这种类型的题目在考试中为重点考察内容！！！，其句型为It is+上面这些词中任何一个+ing动名词结构。
It’s no good helping him. He doesn’t help himself.
It’s no use waiting here.
实战一下：
It is no use ;the company won't do anything about it.
A. you complain
B. for you to have complained
C. you having complained
D. your complaining
解析：我发现了It is no use句型，你立刻会想起后面一定是ing形式。选吧！只有C，D有ing。同时注意：动名词前如果出现代词的话，一定要用物主代词形式去做动名词的逻辑主语。OK，选D。
He thought that .
A. the effort doing the job was not worth
B. the effort was not worth in doing the job
C. it was not worth the effort doing the job
D. it was not worth the effort by doing the job
解析：大概齐一扫答案的秩序立刻就会发现有it is worth句型，想起后面一定是ing形式，选C。A在宾语从句中的词序混乱，B在宾语从句中做主语的含义不对，D整个句型混乱
There is no+动名词为常见结构，相当于It is impossible to do sth.
There is no getting along with him.
实战一下：
Our chance of ever the truth is very slight.
A. knowing
B. know
C. having known
D. to know
解析：of后面需要名词形式，选A。
There is no use over split（分开）milk.
A. of being crying
B. to cry
C. crying
D. if it will cry
解析：固定句型，选C。
It is no use .
A. to buy books and not to read them
B.buying books and not to read them
C. buying books and not reading them
D. to buy books and not reading them
解析：固定句型，选C。同时注意and形成了并列结构，前后的形式应一致。
There is no still in this life; one must either advance or fall behind.
A. stand
B. standing
C. to stand
D. having stood
解析：一看就知道是固定句型，选B。
非谓语动词之动词不定式
动词不定式做宾语为考试重点内容，那位说了“有窍门吗？”我回答：YES！我们要求大家的试题中发现有关动词不定式做宾语的特征，只有这样才能准确快捷地找出答案。这些特征就是要要大家把列动词记牢：agree,afford（提供,allow,arrange（安排）,fail（失败）,forget,guarantee（保证）,promise,prove（证
明）,refuse,ask,attempt（企图）,bother（打扰，麻烦）,care,choose（挑选）,claim（索要）,consent（允许）decide,demand,determine（判决）,happen,hesitate（犹豫）,intend,tend,learn,long,manage（经营）,neglect （疏忽）,offer（提供）,plan,prepare（准备）,pretend（假装）,resolve（决定）,seek寻找）,seem,threaten 威胁,trouble,try, undertake（从事）,volunteer（自愿者）,want,warn(劝告)。
大家看到这么多词要记忆，肯定会反感!没办法，还是那句话，只要你记牢这些词，在试题中发现后马上就应该获得正确答案。当然，我在这里仅列出了其中的多半部分，还有一些词大家可以去翻阅英语一记教材中有关动词不定式做宾语的词汇特征部分。
实战一下：
I'm not going to ask the teacher why he gave me that grade;I intend .
A.letting the matter to rest
B. to let rest the matter
C. to let the matter rest
D. the matter to be let resting
我来解释：前面说那么多有用吗？我都不看！关键在后面，你看到了什么：intend！刚才我让你记忆的那些词里面有啊！头脑中立刻闪现出用动词不定式，那么排除A和D。再一看B和C有核心词let，你一定回想起let sb.do sth.吧，选C(表示的意思是：我打算让这件事过去。)
She pretend me when I passed by.
A. not to see
B. not seeing
C. to not see
D. having not seen
我来解释：你看见什么啦？YES----pretend！后面肯定是不定式结构，排除B和D，另外，不定式的否定式应该是not to do，而不是to not do，因此----选A。
They would not allow him across the enemy line.
A. to risk doing
B. risking to go
C. for risk to go
D. risk going
我来解释：你看见什么啦？YES----allow！后面一样是to的形式，从答案形式上立刻排除B，C，D。就剩下A了。
I can't afford (go)out tonight.I haven't got enough money.
你看见啥啦？afford，具体啥意思先不管啦，也管不了那么多了，来吧！填写to go。
When you go to work this morning, please do not forget this letter for me.
A. post
B. posting
C. to post
D. having posted
我来解释：看见什么啦？forget！只有两个选项可供选择你知道吗？对了，只有B和C。forget to代表“忘记去做某事”是未来的动作，forget doing代表“忘记做了某事”，表已经结束的动作。前者代表还没做，后者代表做完了。那么从句子的意思上看出：是一种提醒----“别忘了....”，选C。
一、我们需要大家认识一些词汇和词组，在这些词汇和词组后面一定要考虑选择动名词形式(V+ing)。在英语二领域里这些词汇和词组包括：admit承认，接收, appreciate赏识, avoid避开, consider考虑，delay 耽搁, deny否认, enjoy, escape, fancy幻觉, finish, forbid禁止, imagine, involve牵涉, keep, mind头脑，注意，记忆, miss, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, resist, understand, can’t stand, can’t help, feel like, give up, put off,etc.
1、I don’ t mind the decision as long as it is not too late.
A. you to delay making
B. your delaying to make
C. your delaying making
D. you delay to make
我来评评理：有人说俺看不懂句子，啥意思啊！我这时候需要你做的第一项工作不是去翻译句子，而是要发现句子中最重要的特征！你看到了什么？对喽，横线前面的mind!眼前立刻倒映出它美丽的用法----ing喲！快，把带ing的保留，其他扔了！我说的是紧接着mind的那个动名词，你可别总往句子的尾巴上看。B和C 二选一。到底是哪个呢？你又发现了什么？对喽，delay，后面美丽的用法又一次来临了---ing喲！选C。这道题是双响炮！
2、It’s better to avoid downtown during the rush hour.
A. to drive
B. driving
C. having driving
D. to be driving
我来评评理：你看见什么啦！横线前的avoid，来排除吧！A和D不见了。B和C你选哪个？选B。为什么啊？因为having done表示的是在谓语动词之前发生的动作，说白了，就是已经发生过了。这里不是。
3、I know it isn’t important but I can’t help D about.
A. think
B. but to think
C. to think
D. thinking
我来评评理：老一套！看见什么了？横线前面can’t help，后面一定是ing。
二、动名词在介词后面做宾语，这个太容易了。只需要你知道什么词是介词，后面通用ing形式，如instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on, take to,etc.这里需要强调一点：我们不要一看到to就想起是动词不定式to do 形式，一定要看清楚to与前面的动词是否形成固定搭配。相信大家在平时记忆词组时，只要你背过的词组里有跟to搭配的，那里的to一定是介词。注意：后面虽然是ing形式，但要小心被动语态的出现(being done)，这与句子含义密切相关。练练！
1、The match was cancelled（取消）because most of the members A a match without a standard（规格）court.
A. objected to having
B. were objected to have
C. objected to have
D. were objected to having
我来评评理：看见什么了？答案中的object to，后面肯定是ing，排除B和C，你头脑中的词组记忆应该是：object to---反对做某事，前面没有系动词。
2、We are looking forward to(receive) your letter.
我来评评理：横线前面看见啥啦！对喽，look forward to，后面一定有ing，填写receiving。
三、注意几个句型：have difficulty(trouble, problem, a hard time, a good time)+动名词，be busy doing/waste time doing/lose time doing/There is no point+doing。这些句型后面通用动名词形式。
1、”Did you have any trouble the h ouse?” “No, but I had a lot of difficulties. Nobody seemed to know where the key was.”
A. to find…getting into
B. in finding… to get in
C. finding…getting into
D. finding…getting in
我来评评理：句子怎么这么长啊！没心情看，也看不明白。你看见横线前面的句型了吗？两个：前面是have trouble(要填ing)，后面have difficulties(要填ing)，排除万难吧！A与B就消失了。剩下C和D只是介词搭配的问题了。选C。
动词不定式2.0
你们都知道“要求某人做某事”怎么表达吧----ask sb. to do.sth.。那个sb.(人)就是宾语，后面的to do sth.就是宾补。如果翻译出来就是：要求某人，其实这也是一句话，但后面你要问：“要求他干哈啊？”后面的“干哈”就是宾补。你明白了吧！说得最白：有些动词后面一旦出现了“人/物”，那么“人/物”的后面要求用动词不定式来表示。关键的问题出来了：我们一定要记住这些动词----advise, allow, ask, compel（强迫）, command （命令）, encourage（鼓励、激发）, entitle（给...权利）, expect（预计、期待）, forbid（禁止、妨碍）, force （力量n，强制）, instruct(命令、通知), intend（打算）, invite, like, mean, order,oblige（强迫、帮忙）, permit （允许，执照）, persuade（说服）,, prefer（宁可、推荐、提升、举报）, request,require,teach, tempt（怂恿）, urge催促, want,etc.
The law requires all cars C for safety.
A. regularly tested
B. be regularly tested
C. to be regularly tested
D. being regualrly tested
我来评理：你看见了什么？对，require！后面出现的是cars，不是人！太好了，肯定是被动，而且是不定式的被动形式，那个regularly是晃你眼睛的！选吧，C。独家秘方：如果发现了我上述的动词出现+人，再后面可能是主动，也可能是被动；如果上述动词+物，后面肯定是被动。
The rain compelled indoors.
A. we stay
B. us to stay
C. us stayed
D. we to stay
compel！后面一定出现动词不定式，排除A和C。we是主格人称代词，us是宾格，你说：在宾语位置上出现的是主格还是宾格代词，来吧，选B。
She wished those books A sooner.
A.to be returned
B. returned
C. being returned
D. be returned
我来评理：看见什么啦！wish！后面是人还是物？是物！肯定横线里是不定式的被动。选A。
练练：
1.If I (be)you, I would not go.
解析：典型的虚拟语气，填写were。而且后面的would也说明本句属于非真实条件。
2.He spends too much energy (worry)
解析：看见什么了？对了，spend，应该立刻反应出句型spend…doing，填写worrying。怎么有些同学写成worring。
3.This is a (good)example than the first.
解析：对了，看见了than，比较级，填写better。
4.He (catch)her hand and held it tightly（紧紧地）.
解析：火眼金睛！对了，后面and held给了我最大的提示，and表示前后句时态要一致，held是过去式，原形是hold，填写caught。
5.We learn a language in order (communicate)
解析：火眼！看见了in order，立刻反应出词组in order to do，填写to cummunicate。为什么同学们要写to communication?你们忘记了to后面要写动词原形吗？communication是名词。
6.He had better (ask)the teacher about it.
解析：金睛！看见了had better=?d better，立刻反应出had better(…d better)do/not do句型，表示“最好去做某事”。填写ask。
7.Three miles is (far)than two.。
解析：金眼！看见了than，韩红说了：“来吧，来吧，一起舞蹈，让比较级都跑不了！”填写farther。你可别一高兴写成father，或者farer。
8 this experiment is not difficult. (有点儿难耶！)
A Having done B. Doing C. To do D. Done
解析：大家都选对了，选择C。这属于不定式做主语，是指很细节的一次实验，而不是概括性的实验，因此选择C。
9.I must remember John that garden needs watering. (更有点儿难耶！)
A. reminded
B. to remind
C. reminding
D. to be reminded of
解析：火睛！看见了remember，后面立刻反映出两个用法：to do/doing，to do表示记着去做，动作还没做呢！doing表示记得做完了，都完事儿了。含义是“我必须记着去提醒John：花园需要浇浇水了。”我还没做呢，选择B。这种题用卖空调的人的话说就是：“这是一托二的。”你可小心了，别托乱了，
10.I play basketball.
A. am used to
B. get used to
C. used to
D. used to used of
解析：这题挺难的，但是一看到四个答案我就能知道考我什么。有两个词组需要大家强行记忆：used to do 表示过去习惯干某事，be used to(get/got used to)doing表示现在习惯做某事。这题一看横线后面是play，属于动词原形，你说选哪个？对了，选择C。换句话说，如果横线后面是playing，你说选哪个？对了，A/B 都行。关键的问题是我们能不能记住used前面有没有系动词，有则后面ing，没有后面则原形。你一对眼儿，眼睛应该对在横线后面那个词上，认识也罢，不认识也罢，只要记住是过去习惯于还是现在习惯于做事的固定用法就可以了。
1、I have spent all day (look)for you. (复习一下)
我来说说：让大家复习一下的概念就是练就火眼金睛1.0版出现的一道题。东北二人转中唱到了：“我来问，你来答，你在题里看见什么啦？”你说：“少废话啦，我见着spent啦，后面使用ing啊！”恭喜答对了，填写looking
2、There was something about him than I (not, like). (复习一下)
我来说说：“我来问，你来答，你在题里看见什么啦？”你说：“少废话啦，我见着than啦，后面使用比较级啊！”恭喜答对了，关键还要看见前面的动词was，后面填写did not like。
3、Only small machines parts (can, produce)in our factory before liberation..
我来说说：“我来问，你来答，你在题里看见什么啦？”你说：“少废话啦，我见着before liberation(解放，知道就知道，不知道拉倒)啦，前面使用过去时啊！”恭喜答对了，同时注意横线前面不是人啦，肯定是动词过去时的被动，填写could be produced。
4、He seemed (disagree)with my decision.
我见着seem啦，后面使用动词不定式啊！”恭喜答对了，填写to disagree
5、The (high)the temperature, the (fast)sound travels. (英语二必考题型)
我见着the…,the…啦，后面使用比较级啊！”恭喜答对了，填写higher, faster。
6、In addition to (break)the law themselves, people tolerate various levels of crime.
见着横线前面有to(in addition to为常用词组，to是介词)啦，介词后面使用ing啊！”恭喜答对了，填写breaking。
7、I wish I (be)as young as you.
我见着wish啦，后面是对现在的虚拟，使用过去式啊！”恭喜答对了，填写were。
8、Now is ;we can go out. （有点儿难耶）
A. clear up
B. clearing up
C. clear away
D. clearing away
我见着now啦，后面排除A和C啊！”恭喜排除对了，但注意词组区别，B表示“天气变晴”，D表示“扫除”。根据句意，选择B。
9、There I come into with the finest craftsman（工匠）I have ever met.(有点儿难，但你背过)
A. contact
B. play
C. being
D. force
我见着come into+答案啦(固定词组含义)！”我有点儿不会啦！A表示“联系，接触”，B无搭配，C表示“形成”，D表示“生效”，按照句意，选择A。
10、If he accepts the position in the firm, he must make his mind to live in a very lonely place.
A B C D
我来说说：这是道改错题。似乎看上去A没错，B不知道，C没错，D不知道。你们有没有我当初这样的感觉？！好了，那就看B，什么意思？对了，下决心，那好像就不对了，下决心应该是make up one’s mind吧！我找到啦！答案是B错，应该改为make up his mind。
单词记忆方法：
1、international：有人说这太简单了，我早就背过。诸位，别忘了，我在教记忆单词的办法。要是我记，就这样：in会吗？会！ter会吗？er组合我知道，t就是汉语拼音“特”，na，n汉语拼音，a常发“哎”的音，tion是标准的“肾”的音，而且是标准的英文拼写，是固定的；nal，注意这里的n与前面n是同一个，换句话说，这个单词我就记最后两个字母al，拼写一遍：international。OK！
2、emergency：e你没问题吧(e-mail的e)，mer同上发音，gen，g常发“之/哥”的音，这里选择“之”，en 汉语拼音，“镇”出来的；cy，c常发“司/科”的音，这里选择“司”，而且英语单词如果最后字母有[i]音的时候，往往都是以y结尾的，如family,carefully等。就记住后面不是sy，而是cy，够了，拼写emergency。又OK！
3、readjustment：re没问题吧(read的re)，a就是英语中表示一个的发音；just你没问题吧，ment典型的汉语拼音，就记住中间还有一个d在a后面，齐活啦！拼写：readjustment。再OK！
过瘾嘛，再试试：
definitive：de没问题(e发本音)，fi(字母i发[i]的音，整体为汉语拼音)，ni一样，ti一样，v发什么你最清楚，记着最后还有个e不发音就行了，拼写：definitive。老OK！
spontaneous：s没问题，pon就是p+on没问题，tan，汉语拼音，最后一个s没有问题，就记住中间是eou，完了，拼写：spontaneous。总OK！
练习：
They stopped (listen), but there was no sound.
我来问，你来答：你们这里看见什么啦？对了，横线前面的stop，后面一定是两种形式，要么+to do(表示停下来去做另一件事)；要么+ing(表示停下正在做的事)，后面那句话表明了出题人的含义，“竖起耳朵去听，但没声儿”。OK，填写to listen。
I (not ,see)her since 1996.
我来问，你来答：你们这里看见什么啦？对了，since！表明本句一定要用现在完成时，填写haven’t seen。
6、He proposed that the novel（小说）(make)into a film.
我来问，你来答：甭废话=proposed，考点是虚拟语气，后面肯定用动词原形，横线前面不是人，肯定是被动，填写be made。
7、English (speak)all over the world.
我来问，你来答：这个句子太简单了，可是有很多同学做错了。为什么呢？就是因为太简单了。它就简单地说明一个现实情况，只能用一般现在时，而且主语不是人，用被动形式，填写is spoken。为什么有人会用is spoke？
8、The speaker was unable to the audience（观众、读者）what he meant.(有点儿难)
A. get down to
B. get across to
C. get along with
D. get out of
我来问，你来答：需要大家理解句子的含义，横线里肯定要表达的是“理解，弄清楚”。迅速在头脑中搜寻与get有关的词组搭配，A表示“着手开始做某事”，B表示“理解”，C表示“与…相处”，D表示“出去”。OK，选择B。
9、These ceremonies have been handed through the centuries, and remain practically unchanged. (有点儿难)ceremony（仪式）
A. on
B. over
C. out
D. down
我来问，你来答：肯定考与hand形成固定搭配的词组，A表示“依次传递”，B表示“移交”，C表示“分发”，D表示“流传下来，传给，往下传”。句子说明“这些典礼形式流传了几个世纪”，因此选择D。
10、Arthur was in very high spirits while they driving through the fertile
A B
Valley country; but when they entered upon the winding road near the
C
church, he became serious and silent..
D (
此题超难) 不但要看出错误，而且需要改正，
我来问，你来答：句子的主语为Arthur,后面怎么出现了while they driving？主语前后不相符，同时driving 在这里用做状语，前面不需要再出现主语了。所以B必定错误，改为driving through。这道题目对于初级英语学习者来说超难，但作为一名考英语二的学生真的必须要掌握。？？？
练习：
1、After (repeat)attempts they finally succeeded. （难住了吧？嘿嘿！)
我来问你来答：句子的意思你搞清了嘛？表示“经过反复的尝试之后，…”，那么应该填写repeated。这个词在英语一和英语二里可出现过。有些学员填写的是repeating？你肯定没琢磨句子的意思，以为after后面如果用动词的话，一定用动名词形式！其实，你这么想没错，关键是在英语二的领域里要多提醒一下自己。2、Chris made him (stay)to tea. (难住了吧？嘿嘿！)
我来问你来答：你看见什么啦？对了，考点是你知不知道make sb.后面用什么形式！提醒大家对这种题目给予高度的重视，如果看见了make+sb.，无论make的形式怎样(如made/makes)，应该迅速回忆起make sb. do 的形式，也就是说make+人+动词原形。所以，这个空应该填写原形stay。当然，如果make+反身代词的话(如oneself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves…，表示“谁谁自己”)，后面就应该+done，也就是动词的过去分词形式。最后提醒一句：★如果make前面出现了系动词be的任何形式(is/was/were)，后面一定要用be made to do形式。切记，切记，再切记！
3、He (wait)for her since lunch time and is still waiting. (嘿嘿嘿！)
我来问你来答：看见什么啦？对了，since！换句话说，看见since就应该立刻想起用完成时。关键是后面还有一个and，后面的话对你形成了威胁。也就是说：该句一定不是简单的现在完成时形式。“自打午饭时他就等她”，对吧？肯定有进行，那么就是现在完成+进行=现在完成进行。填写has been waiting。
4、I could feel the wind (blow)on my face from an open window.(哼哼！)
我来问你来答：看见什么了？对了，feel！这种感官动词一旦出现，后面无非就是两种情况：要么doing，要么do。doing表示“正在发生”；原形动词do表示“动作已经完成了”，说明你感觉到的是全过程，而不简单的正在发生的动作。你地说，写什么地唷？那肯定是正在发生的情况啦！填写blowing。
5、If he (be)here, he would help us.
我来问你来答：典型的虚拟，我管它是对现在或将来的虚拟呢！横线里肯定用过去形式，填写were。6、I admit（承认）(break) the window.
我来问你来答：看见什么了？对了，admit！后面肯定是动名词，填写breaking。
7、It has been about 7 years since they .
A. got married
B. got marry
C. get married
D.have married(哈哈！)
我来问你来答：看见什么了？对了，since！可是since前面已经有现在完成时啦！好失落喲！他俩啥时候结的婚啊？是现在吗？不是，肯定是7年前！那只好用动词的过去式了，选择A。
8、As I was just getting familiar with this job, I had to ask my boss.
A. many
B. most
C. more
D. much(哎哟，太难了!!!)
我来问你来答：“有很多要问问我的老板”，是这意思吧！诸位要搞清一个问题：much是修饰或指代不可数名词的，而many是修饰或指代可数名词的。所以这里首先排除了B和C兄弟俩！就剩下A和D了，你说应该选择“替代可数名词呢，还是选择替代不可数名词呢？”对了，只有D是正确的。
9、Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert it means standing in a queue all night.
A. as if
B. provided
C. even if
D. whatever
我来问你来答：横线后面这句话对你的选择起了关键性的提示，换句话说就是一种对前面叙述的进一步解释。A表示“似乎，好象”，B表示“假如，如果=if”,C表示“即使”，D表示“无论怎样”。选吧，选择C。10、William Faulkner, a famous novelist from Mississippi,said that it is not
A
possible to understand the South unless you were born there.。
B C D
我来问你来答：之所以说这道题难，就是因为有些词汇大家可能会看不明白，心理一乱，这题就难了！其实不然，有些同学一眼就看出了错误所在：A。因为前面的主要动词是said，是过去时，怎么后面从句中出现了现在时is呢？
记忆单词由浅至深：
1、blue：怎么记，你知道么？中国学生就喜欢记由3或4个字母组成的单词----dog,cat, girl,meat…说白了，懒！blue这个词不难记，关键在于自己找到一定的记忆方法----b没问题，汉语拼音，lu没问题，汉语拼音，就剩e了，就记e。完事了。闭上眼想，怎么写的？blue！OK
2、shake：同样的方法：念好念，关键是怎么记？中间的a发字母本音，记忆的时候就这样：sha 汉语拼音(傻)，ke汉语拼音(客)。这样记拼写就行，可别一高兴，念成“傻客”啦!OK
3、speechless：这个词是两部分组成的：speech+less，前面ee组合发字母e的音，ch是汉语拼音，前面部分就记住了；后面less是英语构词法常识，只要一个单词后面出现了less形式，你用手把它盖上，前面词的含义就和整个词的含义相反了，如speech表达“说话，演讲”，那么+less就成了“无话可说”=吃冰棍拉
冰棍----没化(话)。经常会有这类词来干扰我们，下次再遇到这种情况，你就不用背整个单词拼写了，就记住less前面那部分的拼写和意思就中了。OK
4、nominate：怎么记你自己试试？----no+mi(汉语拼音)+nate，完事！关键记住它的中文含义，“任命，命名。”OK
5、individual：前面in没问题，di拼音，vi拼音，整个单词就记忆后面是dual，其实再拆开，d拼音，u 字母本音，完事！OK
6、undergraduate：under+graduate，前面没问题，gra没问题，du跟上词的分析一样，后面ate没问题，关键记含义“大学生(尚未取得学位的)”，想想：under是“在…下面”，graduate是“毕业”，“在毕业下面=没毕业的学生”，完事！OK
7、in power----out of power：power表示“权利”，那in里面=有权利，执政的，out是出去了=“没权利，丧失权利”，完事！OK
8、in step----out of step：自己分析去吧，哈哈！爽！
9、work on----work out：work表示工作，on在工作上=“从事…，致力于”，那out是出去，出来，肯定表示工作有结果了=“制定出，算出”。完事！OK
10、at sea：从字面上看是“在海上”，没错！“在海上=前不着村后不着地=看不清方向=迷惑，茫然”。完事！OK
练习：
1、All matter found (find)on earth exists in three states.
我做：主语是all matter，谓语是exist。因此，横线的要求一定是考察定语后置的问题。句子表达“在地球所发现的所有物质…”，同时主语不是人！所以正确的答案应该是:found。
2、I found a number of men already (work).
我做：考察find sb.doing/done的问题，doing表示“正在做着”，done表示“已经被完成了”，按照句子要求，填写working。
3、He once heard the song (sing)a wrong note?
我做：考察hear sth. done用法，按照句意，填写sung。如果表示听到某人做某事，有两种表达方式：hear sb. do/doing。do表示听到了动作的整个过程，这个动作已经完成了；doing表示该动作“正在做”。小心句子的内涵
4、I felt the house (shake). (跟汶川那样的)
我做：根据句子意思“我感到房子正在晃动”。有进行！填写shaking.
5、Harvard(哈佛) use to be a school for men, but now it is coeducational（男女同校的）, serving as many women as men.
A. was used
B. use to be
C. was used to D was used to be (有点儿难,TOEFL题目)
我做：关键之处在于后面but now。也就是说明前面表明的一定是跟过去有关系。used to do(be)表达了“过去常常…”的概念，因此选择B。C：was used to表示“被用来做…”(前面出现了系动词be/was/were)，是被动语态的结构，不符合本句含义。
6、Like humans, zoo animals must have a detist（？）their teeth.
A. fill
B. filled
C. filling
D. to be filled (TOEFL题目)
我做：考察have sb. do的用法，这个公式很重要，have+人+原形动词，选择A。如果have+物，则后面+done。关键的问题要注意两点：首先have会有其他形式表现had/has(换汤不换药)，其次have后面那个词一定要看准是人还是物。只要抓住这两点，这种题目属于白拿。
7、According to the Christian Bible, when the disciples(弟子) saw Jesus after he had risen from the dead, they said, .
A. it is him
B. it is he
C. it is his
D. it is himself (TOEFL题目)
我做：考察系动词后面的表语是用主格还是用宾格的用法。英文规定：系动词后面的代词(除定语从句外)用宾格形式，所以选择A。
8、It is generally believed that an M.B.A. degree is good preparation for a career（生涯）in .
A. a business
B. business
C. businesses
D. one business (TOEFL)
我做：考察你记不记得“在商业里”怎么说来着？选择B，属于固定搭配，同时business属于不可数名词，，所以排除时也可以排除A，C和D。
9、Unemployment compensation is money to support an umemployed person while he or she is looking
for .
A. job
B. a job
C. works
D. a work (TOEFL)
我做：考察你知不知道job和work哪个是不可数名词，当然是work，因此选择B。
10、Spell（拼写）correctly（正确的）is easy with the aid of a number of word processing
A B C
programs for personal computers. (TOEFL)
D
我做：主语很简单----正确的拼写。动词能做主语吗？不行！应该是名词、代词或者动名词来做主语吧，当然动词不定式也可以做主语。所以A肯定是错误的，因为spell是动词。改为：Spelling/To spell都可以。但我觉得：最好是前者。
完型填空：
In some countries, women are paid less than men for the same work. The employer’s argument in places 1 this happens is that men usually have a wife and children to support and women usually have 2 . They say that most women workers are either unmarried and have no one to support, 3 have husbands who also work and bring home money, so that it would be 4 for them to be paid as much as a man who has a wife 5 does not work because she has several children at home to look after.
This 6 is quite true; but you do find some men workers who are unmarried and have no one to support, and some women workers who are widows and have children to support. Other women workers, 7 they have no children, may have old or 8 parents and young brothers and sisters who cannot yet work.
The fact is that the problem of paying workers 9 to their family needs cannot be solved simply by giving the men more and the women less. The answer is to pay both 10 , and to leave it to the state justice is done by means of taxation and allowance.
1.A. that B. who C. where D. how
分析：哪个答案你不认识？都认识！符合咱们刚才说的规律。那么，按照我的办法来试试----就看横线左右有没有标志词。看见什么了？对了，从答案的结构中我发现考我定语从句的先行词。横线前面有什么，places，够了，是地点，选择C。文章第一句你看了吗？没有！
2.A. one B. together C. too D. not
分析：横线1写完了，只能从后面的that往下看了，这句话很简单，“男人通常都有老婆和孩子需要供养，女
人通常则…”，单纯从含义上就明白了答案所在，选择D。
3.A. or B. and C. although D. so
分析：横线前面的标志词你发现了吗？对了，either，其搭配应该是either…or…，你看答案里面有or吗？有就选，没有再说。有吗？选择A。
4.A. just B. unjust C. fair D. useless
分析：如果你词汇量充沛的话，你会发现：A=C，表示“合理的”，那就是说首先排除了A和C。那含义上就清楚了，肯定是“不合理的/没用的”。稍微斟酌一下前后含义，应该能选择出来答案，选B。
5.A. and B. who C. he D. she
分析：横线要求定语从句先行词，横线前面是什么？是人！选择B。
第一段做完了，你顶多知道女人比男人挣钱少，因为男人要养家糊口。也就这样啦！
6.A. however B. still C. but D. of course
分析：从句意一下就看出了，“这的确是正确的”，同时如果你的眼睛仔细些的话，是否发现了A=C？选择D。
7.A. though B. where C. for D. unjust
分析：首先排除了B和D，A表示转折，D表示原因，稍加分析，立刻判断出答案，选A。
8.A. young B. busy C. sick D. single
分析：看见横线前的标志词了吗？or！说明属于平行状态，B和D(后面是父母的复数形式)，根据后面的parents 你也知道，A是不可能的。选择C。
9.A. attending B. according C. owing D. relating
分析：这空有些难度。这四个词全都可以与后面的to形成搭配。也就是说，标志词是to，考察四个词组在句子中的含义，A表示“照顾”，B表示“按照，根据”，C表示“由于”，D表示“与…相关”。稍作分析，答案即出，选择B。
10.A. resemble B. difference C. alike D. likeness
分析：就分析这一句话够了。说明“这个回答是双方的酬劳要均等”，说明词空的词性为副词，排除A，B 和D，因为它们都是名词。选择C。
1、If you can not understand, ask:”Would you mind(rephrase)the question, please?” (99年真题，你试试)我做：看见什么了？横线前面的mind，立刻反映出mind后面一定是动名词，填写rephrasing。
2、Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space
which matter has fallen and which mothing can escape.
A. towa rds…towards
B. into…from
C. out of… from
D. through…from
我做：从答案中判定考察介与动词的搭配，而且属于定语从句中介词提前的问题。换句话说，是考察fall+?,escape+?的问题。头脑中迅速回忆与它们搭配的介词，选择B。即fall into,escape from。
3、Each time the programmer of Van Wendal’s last days befor e euthanasia was showed on TV, it starts a nationwide debate the subject.
A. for
B. against
C. on
D. of
我做：考察debate+?的问题。前面那么老长的句子不用看，就回忆与debate的搭配。第二单元出现过，选择C。你肯定背过，但不一定把它作为重点记忆的词组。考试就考这样的！
4、At the end of 1994 the British Government introduced new measure to help
domestic workers from abuse by their employers.
A. protect（保护）
B. suspect
C. expect
D. inspect
我做：你发现考点了吗？考察? from搭配问题。选择A。
5、In the process of composition, it isn’t easy to be inspired d in a spontaneous（自发的）way for long periods
a stretch.
A. at
B. for
C. over
D. in
我做：你发现考点了吗？考察? a stretch搭配的问题。第五单元的词组你还记得吗？选择A。前面的那些根本不用看，看了也不懂！
6、The nations that actively (involve)in earthquake prediction programs include Japan, China, Russia, and the United States.
我做：看见要求填写的词是involve，马上应该联想到固定词组be involved in。第二横线后面有in，说明我的想法对了。马上填写are,involved。
7、The more time you waste, the (easy)it is to continue wasting time..
我做：这是英语二必考题。前后句均使用比较级结构，前面已经出现了the more…，后面一定是形容词比
较级，填写easier。
8、Coffee delays the body clock in the morning, and advances at night..
A. it
B. them
C. the coffee
D. the body
我做：答案一看就知道考察指代的问题，前面的动词是delays，后面是advances，属于并列关系，也就是说横线里一定指代的是前面的body，选择A
9、Nations are as “aged” when they have 7 percent or more of their people aged 65 or above.
A. limited
B. classified
C. originated
D. processed
我做：考点是什么？对了，考察?as进行搭配的问题。选择B。
10、In 1991, a fter the Gulf War, Bush’s approval rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling (begin)in the 1930s.
我做：横线后面明显的时间状语告诉了我这题太容易了，填写began。
11、As research techniques become more advanced, number of animals
(use)in experiments may decrease.
我做：主句的主语是number of animals，谓语是may往后，那么中间这个use一定是做定语的，而且后置了。动物是被使用的，明显含有被动，填写used。
12、Hold a picture of yourself long and steadily enough your mind’s eye, and you will be drawn toward it.
A. at
B. in
C. before
D. in front of
我做：考察? your mind’s eye搭配，选择B。
13、A man can not be really happy if what he enjoys (do)is ignored by society as of no value or importance.
我做：看见什么了？enjoy，够了，后面一定是动名词形式，填写doing。
14、Eventually（终于）the project, which seemed so near realization（认识）, fell .
A. behind
B. out
C. through
D. over
我做：你对跟fall搭配的词组还有记忆吗？A表示“落后”，B表示“解散”，C表示“失败，不能实现”，D后面应该+oneself，表示“急于做某事”，稍加分析，立刻选择C。
15、Few of you share（分享）my opinion so we have in common to discuss.
A. a little
B. little
C. nothing
D. something
我做：句子的含义很简单，“你们很少有人分享我的办法，因此我们就??共同的观点再去讨论了”。根据句子意思应该是“几乎就没有什么”，选择B。可别一激动选C啊，那样意思跟本句就不符了。
历年真题：
1.It took a long time for her to ______ the fact that her husband was dismissed.
A. come up against
B. come up to
C. come up with
D. come to terms with
解析：这种题目在英语二的考试中出现得太频繁了。换句话说，只要你能辨析清楚答案各自是什么意思。选择答案只不过是热热手而已。A你没见过，不考虑。B表示“达到，符合”，C表示“提出，提供，建议”，D表示“与…达成协议”。根据句意“花了很长时间考虑一个现实情况…”，选择D。
2．Was it in that school ______ he developed his interest in physics?
A. which
B. from which
C. where
D. that
解析：这种问句对于学生来说挺难的，你肯定是先琢磨它的意思！我不是，我先把这句话按照正常的陈述句理解一下：It was in that school…。是这样吧，还没选出答案吗？典型的强调句啊！选择D。如果你要选择A，B和C其中的任何一项，说明你把这句话理解为定语从句了。可这句话并不是定语从句。小心啊！3．______ for your help，I would not have over come the psychological pressures and tensions．
A. Not been
B. Without being
C. Had it not been
D. Not having been
解析：典型的虚拟语气句型，后面出现would have，前面肯定有had done，自己找找答案在哪里？对了，选择C。这题太简单了！
4．______ nothing to say，the boy shied way from the crowd.
A. Have
B. Having
C. Had
D. Having being
解析：典型的分词做状语，后面的the boy是全句的主语，而且这个状语与后面的主语形成了主动关系，排除D，因为没有这个用法。选择B。
5．As activity carried ______ as one thinks fit in one’s spare time, leisure has several functions.
A. on
B. out
C. off
D. over
解析：在重点班的讲解中我要求大家背过与carry有关的词组，这下用上了吧！A表示“坚持，从事”，B表示“贯彻，执行，实现”，C表示“夺去”，D表示“遗留，继续”。根据句子含义，选择B。而且我觉得与carry相关的词组中，这个词组考察的频率相当高。
6．Why do you blame（责备）him for his poor judgment（判断、判决）on the matter ______ he really needs is encouragement?（鼓励）
A. when that
B. since that
C. when what
D. now that
解析：根据横线后面的含义，应该存在着一个名词性主语从句的概念。因为is是后句中的谓语，也就是说横线开始一直到needs是从句中的主语。根据这个特点，就不难选择出答案为C。
7．The other timing system belongs in our internal（内部的）clocks, which, left ______ would tie the body to a 25-hour rhythm.（节奏）
A. behind
B. alone
C. out
D. aside
解析：重点班我讲解过与leave有关的词组，A表示“留下”，B表示“更不用说”，C表示“遗漏”，D你根本就没见过，不给予考虑。根据句意，选择B。
8．It has been years ______ I returned home．
A. after
B. that
C. since
D. when
解析：横线前面出现完成时，后面直接锁定C。
9．We’ ll keep you ______ any news．
A. up to date with
B. in step with
C. in line with
D. in terms of
解析：你知道四个答案的意思吗？选择A。
10．I’d like to go to the cinema, but I’ m ______ to．
A. enable
B. disable
C. unable
D. able
解析：根据句意，选择C。这题简单。
1. _______conclusion（结论）, walking is a cheap, safe and enjoyable form. of exercise.
A. In
B. On
C. By
D. As
解析：固定搭配，选择A。
2. Julie went to the _______ to buy a pair of shoes.
A. shoes store
B. shoe’s store
C. shoe store
D. shoes’ store
解析：固定用法，选择C。
3. He has called a meeting of all parties with a _______ to form. a new government.
A. purpose
B. reason
C. view
D. goal
解析：固定搭配，选择C。
4. Gazing into his eyes, she seemed to have _______all he said.
A. taken up
B. taken over
C. taken off
D. taken in
解析：与take形成固定搭配的词组，根据句意选择D。
5. In every major city there are more _______apartments（公寓住宅）than there are homeless people.
A. blank
B. vacant （空闲的）
C. empty
D. bare
解析：表示“空的”，选择B。
6. Very few people understood this contract（合同）, _______was very obscure（模糊不清的）.
A. the language
B. the language of which
C. all it said
D. which it had said
7. Five minutes earlier, _______we may have caught the gunman.
A. and
B. but
C. or
D. so
8. They claim that _______$150 million is to be spent on improvement.
A. sufficiently
B. approximately
C. considerably
D. properly
9. _______ I’m supposed to work by myself, there are other people who I can interact with.
A. If only
B. So long as
C. Even if
D. As far as
10. These two areas（面积）are similar _______that they both have a high rainfall during summer.
A. except
B. so
C. now
D. in
填空：
Rivers are one of the most important natural resources. Many of the world’s great cities are located on rivers, and almost every country has 1 one river flowing through it that 2 an important part in the lives of 3 people.
Since the beginning of history, people have used rivers 4 transportation. Some great rivers are the Mississippi, the Nile, the Congo etc. The best of 5 for navigation, however, is the Amazon in Brazil. It is so wide and so deep 6 large ships and ocean liners can about two thousand miles upon it. Besides 7 ,
rivers provide food, water to drink, water for crops, and opportunities for fun.
However, large cities and industries that are located upon rivers often make 8 . As the cities grow in
9 and the industries increase in number, the water in the rivers becomes polluted with chemicals and other materials. People are learning the importance , however, of doing more to keep their rivers clean if they want to 10 the benefits of this natural resources.
1. A. at first B. at last C. at most D. at least
要是我来做：就看横线前面，出现了every country，横线后面one river，前面意思上有特殊含义，再看答案：怎么着一个国家总得有一条河吧，选择D，表示“至少”。
2.A. puts B. plays C. takes D. sets
要是我来做：横线后面出现明显的词组搭配play part in，选择B，表示“起…作用”。
3.A. their B. theirs C. its D. it’s
要是我来做：横线后的people肯定指国家中的人们吧，选择C。
4.A. for B. with C. at D. on
要是我来做：横线前面有use sth.，后面是个名词，指“为了交通运输”，哪个词表示“为了”？选择A。5.A. some B. any C. most D. all
要是我来做：横线前面出现了the best of，说明“…中最好的/最佳的”，肯定是“全部中”的含义，也可以说存在着最高级中，选择D。
6.A. that B. which C. as D. so
要是我来做：横线前面出现了so，后面肯定要接that，找去！选择A。
7.A. traveling B. touring C. fishes D. transportation
要是我来做：横线前面的besides，说明除了上述的问题…，上面说的都是运输的问题，选择D(况且A=B)。
8.A. questions B. problem C. matter D. affairs
要是我来做：横线前面make+?，固定习语，选择A，表示“产生了问题”。
9.A. range B. style C. size D. area
要是我来做：横线后面出现了in number，前面的in后面一定要与其相对应，那就从含义上琢磨一下吧，后面说的是“数量”，从句意上分析前面一定指的是大小，选择C。
10.A. enjoy B. enforce C. endanger D. entertain
要是我来做：就剩最后一句了！发自肺腑的啊！如果人们想去享受自然资源带给我们的益处，就怎么样怎么样，选择A。
小议关系代词和关系副词的使用
That,which,where等同样是先行词，由于它们在从句中担任的作用不同，也就是由于在句子具体中所做成分的不同，必须选用不同的关系词。作为学生应该牢记三点：
1、要看代替先行词的关系词在句中担任何种成分，功能是什么；
2、要看先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点，还是原因；
3、要看所引导的定语从句是限定性的，还是非限定性的。
一般来讲，who,whom,whose(=of which),which,that为关系代词，where,when,why为关系副词。关系代词在从句中可以做主、宾语；关系副词在从句中做宾、状语(具体区别参考上述牢记点2)。如果你能分析出这些词在从句中修饰是谁，并在从句中所起的作用是什么，选择答案只不过就是划个钩而已。
例1：Peter found a place in the cellar（地窖）he used as his first laboratory（实验室）.
A. which
B. where
C. such
D. tha same
我来分析：其实，从答案中我首先排除掉了C和D，因为这种属于词组性的固定搭配问题与本句是无关的。那么就剩下A和B。有些同学一看横线前面是个地点，来吧，选B，因为它修饰的是“地点”啊！告诉你吧：错了！为什么？横线当中所要求我们选择的词应该是代替a place，而且它在后面的从句中做use的宾语。实
在不弄懂，你可以这样：found是谓语，a place是宾语，而横线里面要我们选择的词是代替前面a place的，既然a place是宾语，那么代替部分也应该是起宾语的作用。能够在从句中起主、宾语作用的先行词是哪个呢？对了，选择A。如果你选择了B的话，则说明它应该在句中做状语。那就与本题不符了。
例2：The train was crowded(拥挤的) and I had to get into a carriage（火车的客车箱）already seven other people.
A. when there were
B. which there were
C. where there were
D. that there were
我来分析：首先我排除了A。下一步就要看横线当中的先行词在句子中所起的作用。“火车很拥挤，我不得不到过道去，但在那里已经有7个人了。”诸位，你一看这句话的意思，就能明白横线中的先行词一定在句中起状语的作用，因为“在那里有7个人”明显是一种状态。做状语的先行词是哪个？选择C。
例3：This is the reason I am not in favor of revising the plan.（revise 修改、复习）
A. which
B. why
C. because
D. for
我来分析：句中表达的含义是“这就是我….的原因”，“原因”肯定在从句中做宾语，修饰原因的关系副词再明显不过了，选择B。
例4：The reason he gives for not coming is that h is mother won’t let him.
A. for which
B. why
C. which
D. because
我来分析：句中表达的含义是“他不来的原因是…”，很明显关系代词在从句中做宾语，选择C。
这里需要说明一点：reason后面既可以用关系副词，也可以用关系代词来引导定语从句。如果关系词在从句中做宾语或主语，就要用关系代词；如果在从句中做状语，那一定用关系副词。
至于说that和which的区别，只需要大家了解一点：which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；that代替人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，也可以做表语。
关于词型转换的问题1.0版
例如：There is hardly any(differ) in their attitudes towards their colleagues.
我来做：我一看，横线前面是differ，立刻浮想联翩，哇噻！我有想起耶！这时候来分析一下句子成分：就看会更显附近----前面是any，后面是状语，中间一定是名词，来吧！名词形式是什么？你一翻白眼儿立刻锁定。填写difference。
It is difficult for a(foreign) to learn Chinese.
我来做：横线前面是a，后面一定是名词了，开始翻白眼儿啦！填写foreigner。
练习：
1、This piece of music was composed by a very famous blind(music) musician .
解析：看见什么了？有人说：我看见了主语this piece of music。我说：你看那里，没用！你想知道这句话的意思，没用！我看见了什么？我看见了横线前面出现了两个形容词，那么也就是说，这两哥们肯定是一起修饰后面横线里的另一个弟弟的----对吧。那么形容词修饰的是什么词性呢？----名词！有人说：那music 也是名词啊？不错，但联系前两个形容词一看，意思上不对啊！应该是“一个著名的盲人音乐家”----可能是“阿炳”，记住：不是“阿Q”，更不是“阿扁”。因此，填写musician。
2、She is well-known for her excellent(achieve) achievement in her career(职业生涯).
解析：照着我刚才的路数，你来试试。看见什么了？对了，横线前面有个形容词excellent。这哥们儿修饰哪个弟弟的？对了，名词弟弟。还等什么，来吧！填写achievement。
3、Don’t worry. As long as you work hard, you can(sure)surely pass(v)the exam.
解析：穿新鞋走老路----看见什么了？横线前面有个can，后面一定是动词原形！但再一看，动词pass 已经有了。这咋办啊？你用手吧横线盖上，问问自己这是不是一句话。没错，是一句话，那么横线里的词就一定不是对本句起决定性作用的词。来吧，填写副词surely。
4、Since the(introduce) introduction of the new technique, the production cost has been reduced greatly.
解析：我们用数学的办法来解这道题：已知the,of。求：the+?+of。大家一看就知道了，这个?肯定是名词，填写introduction。
(Experience) Experienced drivers have fewer accidents.
解析：看见什么了？横线+名词，你说前面是什么词性？肯定是形容词哥哥了！这个词需要你把名词转换为形容词作定语，也有些难度，填写Experienced。
7、The manager asked the secretary to(short) shorten (缩短)the report to 600 words.
解析：看见什么了？横线前面有to，而且余光一扫----还是ask sb. to的句型，首先证明这个to是动词不定式结构，不是介词，它后面一定是动词原形，填写shorten。
Mary told me not to worry because the(operate) operation on Mr. Smith was very successful.
解析：已知the,was。求the+?+was。填写operation。
关于语法和词汇的思路
1.Should she come tomorrow, I take her to the museum.
A. can
B. will
C. would
D. must
今天我开启一个新的解释方法。
我是老师：Should提前，同时是一个陈述句，说明是对将来的虚拟，也就是逗号后面的句子一定是虚拟，一看答案，明显是选择C(因为虚拟语气中是不可以使用情态动词原形的)。
：Should怎么提前了，可能是问句吧？一看，不是！可能是倒装吧，一看，也不是！那肯定是虚拟！其他词我不认识，我就认识tomorrow，说明是对未来的虚拟。至于应该填什么，我忘了，但我记得后面肯定不是省略should的动词原形，就是would have…什么乱七八糟的，一看答案，答案中没有should选项，也没有would have什么什么的，而且在虚拟中从没见过情态动词使用原形的啊！得了，选C吧。
2.Many of us visited the industrial （工业）exhibition(展览), , to our disappointment（晃眼的）, we saw very few high-tech products.
A. where
B. which
C. as
D. that
我是老师：中间to our disappointment是晃眼的，放在句首对句子没有任何影响，同时关注逗号的位置：这是非限定性定语从句，排除C和D，只有A和B课选择，非限定性定语从句主要是对前一句内容含义上的进一步补充和说明，“参观了工业展览这个地方，在这个地方，我们…”，是对地点的修饰，选择A。
有逗号！高老七说过，逗号太重要啦！一看答案，不是考分词的，是考单词的！哈哈，来吧，只有A和B。因为that几乎不可以在有逗号的句子中出现。前面是地方，来吧，选择A。
3.His name will be cross out from the list he makes the same mistakes again.
A. if
B. unless
C. because
D. though
我是老师：明显为复合句结构，而且是有条件性的主从句，同时后面为一般现在时的用法，前面必为主句使用将来时，完全复合了真实条件句在一般现在时的使用方法，选择A。
4. home, she found that she had left the key at the office.
A. To have arrived
B.To arrive
C. While arriving
D. Arriving
我是老师：有逗号，本句主语为she，前面一定是分词做状语，同时它与谓语动词同时发生(到家就发现了)，因此选择D，现在分词表示主动或进行。俺一看，前面什么都没有，我认准后面那个she了，我理解为when she arrived的意思，那就选择D。
分析几道语法和词汇题
1.It was while she was sleeping in her bedroom a thief broke into the house.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. than
我的做法：映入我眼帘的是it was…，你知道后面是什么玩意儿吗？你的瞄准器瞄歪啦！这是典型的考察强调句的题目，后续手段我和你一样：啥也不看了，选择B。
2.These three teachers vary their manner（习惯、方法、态度）of teaching.
A. between
B. from
C. with
D. in
我的做法：我和你一样，首先映入眼帘的是vary，首先瞄准B，因为vary from表达的“与…不同”，但再一看，后面并不表达这层含义，它说的是“在教学方式上是不同的”，并没有“比较”的含义，因此，我选择D。
3.The children looked up as the planes passed .
A. overall
B. overhead
C. outward
D. forward
我的做法：我和你一样，一琢磨意思，肯定是抬头看飞机，肯定不是往前看，也不是往外看。来吧，选择B(在空中，经过头上的)。有人会问：A是什么？A表达是“全面的，所有的”。
4.The weather in China is different from .
A. America
B. in America
C. that in America
D. one in America
国内的气候比美国的气候好。依次类推，后面的情况也一样。所以，这道题应该选择C。因为这个that
自考英语二复习资料汇总总结
重点单词扩充讲解： 1. organizational: a 组织上的 由此我们可以联想到：organize: v 组织；organization: n 组织；organizer: n 组织者 请看下列习题，选择该组词里恰当的词填空： 1). Last week, our school __organized_____ a spring outing. 2). The task calls for the highest _organizational_ skill. 3). China has joined World Trade _organization_________. 4). He is the ____organizer______ of the speech contest. Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer 2. objective: n 目标； a 客观的，反义词subjective: 主观的 3. predict: v 预言、预示； 由此我们可以联想到：prediction: n 预言；predictable: a 可预测的；predictor: n 预言家 4. simplify: v 简化 由此我们可以联想到：simple: a 简单的；simply: ad 简单地，仅仅地；simplification: n 简化；simplified: a 被简
Exercises for the above words: 1). The machine is simple_____ in operation but complex in structure. 2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our capacity while __simplified__ edition is quite easy. 3). There is no point in arguing about it, becau se it is __simply_____ a question of procedure. 4). The _simplification_____ of working process freed the workers fro heavy labor. Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification 5. tendency: n 趋势、倾向；tend : v 倾向于…，tend to do sth e.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter. Or old people tend to get fatter. 6. managerial: a 经理的、经营上的； 由此我们可以联想到：manage: v管理、经营；management: n; manager: n 经营者，管理者；manageable: a 可管理的、可经营的。 7. argue: v 争辩、争论，常用固定搭配：argu with sb about/over sth由于某事而同某人争论；argue sb into doing sth说服某人做某事；argue sb out of doing sth说服某人不
自考本科英语(二)复习题
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If I were you, I would consider it. 7、虚拟语气：表示建议、命令、重要性等句子中使用，如suggest/insist/order/propose/require+should+动词原形，should常被省略，这些词的名词、形容词形式也一样，如They suggest that he not smoke here. Their suggestion was we all join the party. It’s important that we do it. 8、强调句：It+is/was（仅此两种）+that/who（人）/which （有时） 9、as的用法（下册P21-26） 10、一致原则、就近原则（下册P73-75） 11、虚所语气（续）（下册P233-P236） 二、英汉互译 1、我们拥有大量的自然资源 We have plenty of natural resources. 2、Parents, teachers in schools, work associates and communicators in or using the mass media are all capable of arousing our potential interests. For example, the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games, sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students. Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the porson.The jore seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitude towards leisure as well as academic word will be encouraged. (P162) 3、他在纠正学生错误时总是采取积极的态度 He always takes positive attitude to correct the students’mistakes. 4、他的肤色与他是否是个律师无关 His color of skin is not relevant to whether his is a good lawyer or not. 5、Some concentrated study each day is better than many study hours one day and nothing the next. As you work out your individual schedule, attempt to include a minimum of two study hours every day. This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your class assignments and projects.(P175) 6、他同现代生活不合板。He is out of step wit modern life. 7、Self-dsteem is what people think about themselves-whether or not they feel valued-and when family members have self-respect, pride, and belief in themselves, this high self-esteem makes it possible to tope with the everyday problems of growing up.(P225) 8、每个人都应关心自己国家的未来。 Everybody should be concerned about the future of his own country. 9、What we dream at, night isn’t as important to how we feel in the morning as the number of people who appear in our dreams. The more people, the better we feel. Our sleep influences our mood. Our mood, in turn, affects our performance. And throughout the day, our levels of mood and performance remain cosely linked. (P308) 10、广义上说，任何人做的工作都对社会有益。 In a broad sense, the work that anyone does is of social value. 11、在商业社会里信息对每个人都有用。 Information is of great value to everyone in the business world. 12、门被档住了，有什么东西档在那儿。 The door was blocked, there was something in the way. 13、他们昨天来看你时，你在干什么？ What were you doing when they came to see you yesterday. 14、他通过努力工作赢得了许多人的尊敬。 He earned many people respect by working hard. 15、没有你的帮助，我们举取是如此巨大的成功。 Without your help, we wouldn’t have so great a success. 三、其他练习 1、I would rather stay at home than go out. 2、oneself education 3、I go upstairs instead of taking the life. 4、I couldn’t help laughing 5、I spend 10 yuan on the bood. 6、Spend some time/have trouble/be busy(in)(doing)sth. 7、apply for 申请application，申请表格 apply to 应用applicant 申请人 8、I remember being paid 我记得已经收了钱。 9、I remember to pay. 我记得要去给钱的。（但并未给） Reading comprehension(阅读理解) Passage 1. Meals should be a sort of treat, not a nutritional(营养的)treatment, for your child For now, stop being an amateur nutritionist. Give her the sort of food she really enjoys. And give her only very small portions. Don’t scold her if she doesn’t 1
自考英语语法名词解释
Acronyms Acronyms is a word coined by putting together the initial letters of a group of words. Affixation A word formation approach that attaches morpheme – an affix to a base，which is a word with 1 or more affixes in it. Anaphoric reference前照应A demonstrative determiner with anaphoric reference is more likely to go with a non-restrictive relative clause Cataphoric reference 后照应A demonstrative determiner with cataphoric reference，which goes with a restrictive relative clause Collective nouns These are generally countable nouns，but even in the singular they refer to groups of people，animals or things. Compound A compound，the product of composition，and it is a lexical unit consisting of more than one base and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word. Conversion The derivational process whereby an item is adapted or converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix. Coordination并列词Realized by coordinators （also termed coordinating conjunctions）which join units at the same level. Countable nouns Nouns that can take plural. Dangling participle:When the subject of participle is not expressed, it is normally to be the subject of the clause. It is usually poor grammar, and sometimes absurd, if this rule is broken: Trying to be quiet, the floor board creaked. But the rule is often broken when the subject is vaguely understood to be “one”, “we”, “you”, people in general. Determiner Words used in the premodification of noun phrase and put before any adjectives that premodify the head word of noun. Dynamic adjectives Many adjectives can also be used in the dynamic sense （be being a.）in predicative position to show subjective measurement or suggest a temporary state，implying the qualities can be controlled or restricted. （e.g. he is being rude） end-focus 尾部焦点under neutral conditions，the nucleus falls on the last element of the sequence as it is common that we process the information in a message to achieve a linear presentation form low to high information value. We refer to this as the principle of end-focus. ellipsis：省略leaves out the redundant/wordy part and do not provide a substitute. Exclamation Express our impression，especially our surprise，excitement，amazement，etc. It doesn…t take S-V inversion.
自考英语二重点语法知识讲解
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If I had tried harder, I would have won. I wish I had done better in the exam. 1.3 完成进行时 从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。汉语提示语：一直 The water has been running the whole night. 1.4 过去时 过去某一具体时间发生的事，不考虑与现在的关系。 过去时的标志：yesterday， in 1995， last week，in the nineteenth century，five years ago 等等。 2．非谓语动词 2.1 非谓语动词一览表 非谓语动词形式意义 现在分词 一般式 doing 主动 , 正在进行 被动式 being done 被动 , 正在进行 完成主动式 having done 主动 , 已经完成 完成被动式 having been done 被动 , 已经完成过去分词 done 被动 , 已经完成 动词不定式 一般式 to do 主动 , 将要进行 被动式 to be done 被动 , 将要进行 完成主动式 to have done 主动 , 已经完成 进行主动式 to be doing 主动 , 正在进行 2.2. 非谓语动词作状语
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自考英语语法
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2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit11
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2011自考英语二考试重点及试题
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自考英语语法讲义及练习
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