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(完整版)初中英语句子成分及五种基本句型讲解与练习

(完整版)初中英语句子成分及五种基本句型讲解与练习
(完整版)初中英语句子成分及五种基本句型讲解与练习

句子成分&五种基本句型

一、考点、热点回顾

I.【句子的成分】

在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。

(一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如:

(1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语)

(2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语)

(3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语)

(4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语)

(5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语)

(二)谓语

说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语

谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。

如:His parents are teachers. (系动词作谓语)

We study hard. (行为动词作谓语)

We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)

He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)

(三)宾语

宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。

She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语)

She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)

We often help him.(代词作宾语)

He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语)

We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语)

说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。

说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语

,间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。

如:give, show(给……看),bring, pass, buy等。如:(1)Our teacher tells us a story.

(2)The sun gives us light.

give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等。

★间接宾语加“for”的有:

make, buy, do, get, play, order(命令), sing, pay等

(1)I give him a book. 改成:

(2)He passes me the book.(他将书递给我。)改成:

(3)He writes me a letter. 改成:

(4)He will buy me some books. 改成:

(5)She is making me a cake. 改成:

(四)宾语补足语

在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分,称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。

如:They make her happy.(形容词)

I see her dance.(省to的不定式)

We’ll help you to make the Olympics a success.(名词)

Please let him in.(副词)

We heard her singing a song.(分词短语)

(五)表语

表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及名词或形容词短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。

如:I am a teacher.(名词)

He is always happy.(形容词)

They are on the playground now.(介词短语)

It gets cold.(形容词)

Be动词(am,is,are, was, were)

系动词表保持(keep, stay, remain)

表改变(get,become,turn)

感官动词(feel,sound(听起来),seem/look(看起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来))

如:It sounds interesting.(sound为系动词,interesting为表语)

We should all remain careful. (Remain为系动词,careful为表语)

(六)定语

定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。

单个词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。

如:The black bike is mine.(形容词)

What’s your name?(代词)

(名词)

说明1:nothing, anything, everything, something等时,定语在不定代词后面。(形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语)

(to do为不定式作后置定语)

说明2作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。

如:The boys in the room are in Class Four. (in the room是介词短语作the boys

的后置定语。)

(七)状语

修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。

如:He did it carefully.(副词)

We often help him.(副词)

Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.(介词短语)

When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.(从句作时间状语)

He sits there.(副词地点状语)

II. 【五种基本句型】

A. 主语+不及物动词(主谓)

如:The sun rises. 太阳升起来。

The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。

rise和stop都是不及物动词,因此后边不必加宾语。

B. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾)

如:I love my country.

He helps me.

I like action movies.

I buy a book.

C. 主语+系动词+表语(主系表)

如:Her brother is a driver.

We feel happy.(feel为系动词,表示感到……)

It gets dark.天黑了。(get为系动词,表示变得)

Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。(look为系动词,表示看上去,看起来)

D. 主语+及物动词+双宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)(主谓+直宾+间宾)

如:He gives Tom a present.(双宾语)他给汤姆一件礼物。

Mother make a new dress for me.(双宾语)妈妈为我做了一件衣服。

E. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补)

如:They call her Mary.(宾补)他们叫她Mary。

We make our classroom clean and tidy.(宾补)我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。

He always makes us laugh.(宾补)他总使我们笑。

二、典型例题

写出划线部分的句子成分。

1. Lily is cleaning the desk now.

2. Her garden is the best in our town.

3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old.

4. I like this book very much.

5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane’s sister.

6. She didn’t come to my party because she was ill.

7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully.

8. We will go to the Children’s Palace once a week.

9. They are in the classroom.

10. It sounds good.

11. His name is Paul.

12. We always go to school early.

三、课后练习

(一) 挑出下列句中的宾语

① My brother doesn't do his homework.

A B C D

② People all over the world speak English.

A B C D

③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

A B C D

④How many new words do you learn ?

A B C D

⑤Some students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?

A B C D

(二) 挑出下列句中的表语

① The old man is feeling very tired.

A B C D

②Why is he worried about Jim?

A B C D

③ The leaves have turned yellow.

A B C D

④Soon They all become interested in the subject.

A B C D

⑤She is the first to learn about it.

A B C D

(三) 挑出下列句中的定语

① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.

A B C D

② What is your given name?

A B C D

③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.

A B C D

④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.

A B C D

⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

A B C D

(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

①She likes the children to read newspapers & books in the reading-room.

A B C D

②He asks her to take the boy out of school.

A B C D

③She find it difficult to do the work.

A B C D

④They call me Lily sometimes.

A B C D

⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.

A B C D

(五) 挑出下列句中的状语

① There is a big smile on her face.

A B C D

② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

A B C D

③He began to learn English when he was eleven.

A B C D

④ The man on the motorbike is travelling to fast.

A B C D

⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.

A B C D

(六) 划出句中的直接宾语( )和间接宾语()

①Please tell us a story.

②My father bought a new bike for me last week.

③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.

④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.

⑤Does he leave any message for me?

(七)写出下列句子的结构

1. They work hard. ______________

2. The flowers are dead. ____________

3. Plants need water. ______________

4. He gave me some seeds. ___________

5. We should keep the plant in the shade. ____________

6. Many animals live in trees. _________

7. The cake tastes delicious. __________

8. Class begins at eight every day. _____

初中英语句子成分详解

英语句子成分 The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 按句子成分划分,此句为: The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. (主语) (定语) (谓语)(状语) (谓语) (宾语) (定语) 按意群划分,此句为: The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 一、英语各种成分的基本含义及用法 (一)、主语 主语是全句谈论的中心话题。我们在说一句话的时候,首先要明确我们讲的是“哪个人”?或者是一件“什么事”?或者是一件“什么物体”,等。这些代表“哪个人”、“什么事”、“什么物体”等的部分就是句子的主语。 主语是指句子的某个部分,它可能是一个词,也可能是一个词组,还有可能是一个从句,甚至一句话中会有几个并列的主语等等。所以,英语中很多词类(或词组、从句)都可以做主语。另外,英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”,例如:It .... that ...句式等。 1. Peter is a well-known pianist. (名词作主语) 2. Two-thirds of the students are boys in our school. ( 数词词组作主语) 3. He likes reading storybooks. (代词作主语) 4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. (不定式短语作主语) 5. What we shall do next is not yet decided. (从句作主语) 6. It took us two hours to travel around the city by subway. (It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语) 请指出下列句中主语的中心词。 1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom. 2. There is a bird flying in the sky. 3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 4. It is very difficult to do today's homework without your help. (二)、谓语

十大词性 句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习(附答案)..

十大词性、句子成分分析、五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习 一、新课导入 个体名词 集体名词 普通名词 物质名词 1.名词 抽象名词 专有名词 功能:表示人或事物的名称 人称代词: 主格 宾格 (注意it 的用法) 物主代词: 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 指示代词:this, that, these, those 单数:myself`, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself 反身代词: 复数:ourselves, yourselves, themselves 2.代词 疑问代词:who, whom, whose, what, which. 简单不定代词:One/ones, Either/neither, both/all, each/ every another, other, the other, others, the others 复合不定代词: somebody, anybody, nobody 不定代词 someone, anyone, no one something, anything, nothing everybody, everyone, everything 功能:用来代替名词、形容词或数词等 3.数词: 基数词 序数词 功能:表数量或顺序 4.冠词: 定冠词 不定冠词 零冠词 //功能:用在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 表地点:at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ underneath …. 表时间: in/ on/ at, in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind, 5.介词: 表运动: across/ through/ over/ pass … 表方位:…. 其他 功能:用在名词、代词等前面,说明句子中词与词之间的关系 可数名词 不可数名词

初中英语句子成分和结构的划分详解

及结构的划分

句子成分 ? 1.汉语的句子成分 ?1.什么是句子 ?句子是由词或词组构成的,是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气,句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。 ? 2.什么是句子成分? ?组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。

?汉语中句子成分的名称及符号 ?名称:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 ?符号:主语=谓语-宾语~ ?定语()状语[ ]补语< > ?句子的基本成分是:主语、谓语、宾语。 ?补充成分是:定语、状语、补语。 ?英语中的句子成分 英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 句子主体部分:主语和谓语(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。 表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。 句子的次要部分:定语和状语。

句子成分的划分(汉语) ?.(1)划分句子成分,首先要研究主语、谓语、宾语。 ?主语:是谓语陈述的对象,指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。?谓语:是陈述主语,说明主语的,说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。?宾语:在动词后面,表示动作、行为所涉及的人或事物,回答“谁” 或“什么”一类问题。 ?句子一般有两种情况:写人、写物(写事、写物)。分析句子时,首先判断是“写人”还是“写物”。 ?①.写人格式:“谁”+“干什么” ?(主语)(谓语)(宾语) ?例:杨亚‖写字 ?主谓宾 ?注意:处理复杂的单句时,要抓主干。 ?例:一中的杨亚║在课桌上写着毛笔字。 ?主谓宾 ?

英语句子成分及基本句型全面归纳

英语句子成分及基本句型全面归纳 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:S V(主+谓) 二:S V P(主+系+表) 三:S V O(主+谓+宾) 四:S V O O(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:S V O C(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型:S V (主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│ V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。

句子的成分和基本句型

句子的成分和基本句型 句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分: 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同,可分为:主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是:“什么人”或“什么物”,主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.(不定式短语)学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,英语中谓语只能用动词充当。例如: We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如: I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名

词或代词的词或短语充当,和及物动词一起构成谓语,说明主语“做什么”。例如: Tom bought a story-book.(名词)汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. (代词)昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. (不定式短语)他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫作间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如: He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,与连系动词一起构成谓语,表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如: My sister is a nurse.(名词)我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.(介词短语)他们在家里。 She got angry. (形容词)她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.(数词)她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的,可以作定语的除形容词

(完整)初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案

句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 (一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如: (1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语) (2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语) (3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语) (4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语) (5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语) (二)谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样” 主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语) We study hard. (行为动词作谓语) We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语) (三)宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语) We often help him.(代词作宾语) He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语) We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语) 说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的 。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give, show(给……看),bring, pass, buy 等。如:(1)Our teacher tells us a story. (2)The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词 间接宾语前加“to”的有: give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等。

句子成分及基本句型

实用标准文档 文案大全句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 (一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如: (1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语) (2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语) (3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语) (4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语) (5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语) (二)谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语) We study hard. (行为动词作谓语) We don’t finish reading the book(助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语) (三)宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来 担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语) We often help him.(代词作宾语) He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语) We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语) 说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词

初中句子成分和基本句型完整版

初中句子成分和基本句 型 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】

句子成分和基本句型 句子包含哪些成分? 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有八种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、{补语(complement)、同位语(apposite)} 1.主语:主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分.一般由名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当.它的位置一般在句首. Thegirlispretty.Readingisuseful. Toseeistobelieve.Theyaregoodfriends. 2.谓语说明主语做什么,以什么状态或特征存在,由简单动词或者动词短语构成. Theyareteachers.Shelookswell. Hestudieshard.Helaughedathisclassmates. 3.表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,短语,或者从句充当.表语位于系动词后面Iamateacher.Shefeelshappy. Everybodyishere.Theyareathomenow. Hewentmad.Seeingisbelieving. 4.宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,短语,不定式,动名词,从句充当.它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语之后.Sheplaysthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme. IlikewatchingTV.Shelikestogotoshopthisafternoon. Ithinkthatheisgoodboy. 5.宾语补足语:在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思.它起补充说明宾语干什么,怎么样的作用. 它可以由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,现在分词和过去分词充当. Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen. WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome. Iheardmynamecalled. 6.状语用来修饰动词,形容词或副词.它表示行为发生的时间,地点,目的,方式,程度.一般由副词,介词短语,不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当,也可由从句来充当. Hediditcarefully.Hestudiedveryhard. IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.Heiswritingwithapen. Iwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.

初中英语句子成分讲解

初中英语句子成分讲解 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 (一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如: (1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse、(名词作主语)(2)He reads newspapers every day、(代词作主语)(3)Smoking is harmful to the health、(动名词作主语)(4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure、(不定式作主语)(5)What we should do is not yet decided、(主语从句作主语) (二)谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如:His parents are teachers、(系动词和表语一起作谓语) We study hard、(行为动词作谓语)We don’t finish reading the book、(助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English、(情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)

(三)宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。S he is doing her homework now、(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill、(宾语从句作动词宾语) We often help him、(代词作宾语) He likes to play basketball、(不定式作宾语) We enjoy listening to the music、我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语)说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,直接宾语指物,间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give, show(给……看),bring, pass, buy等。如:(1)Our teacher tells us a story、(2)The sun gives us light、间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有:

句子的成分和基本句型

句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分: 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同,可分为:主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是:“什么人”或“什么物”,主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.(不定式短语)学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,英语中谓语只能用动词 ..充当。例如: We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如: I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当,和及物动词一起构成谓语,说明主语“做什么”。例如: Tom bought a story-book.(名词)汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. (代词)昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. (不定式短语)他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫作间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如: He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,与连系动词一起构成谓语,表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如: My sister is a nurse.(名词)我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.(介词短语)他们在家里。 She got angry. (形容词)她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.(数词)她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的,可以作定语的除形容词外,还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例如: This is a green cup.(形容词)这是一个绿色的杯子。

英语句子成分及基本句型

英语句子成分及基本句型 句子成分 A. 主语(Subject)主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外,主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或 “什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语(Predicate)谓语表示主语的动作或状态,分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成;复合 谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C. 表语(Predicative)在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need. D. 宾语(Object)宾语是动作行为的对象,说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语(Direct Object)和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语(Object Complement)是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret. F.定语(Attribute)定语修饰名词或代词。 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known Betty’ssister? There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home. G.状语(Adverbial)用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school. 讲出划线部分的句子成分: 1.Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable. 2.I have a lot to say on this matter. 3.Please give me some advice. 4.She is quite all right now. 5. A lonely person is always alone. 6. A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.

★英语句子成分与五种基本句型

句子成分与五种基本句型 Sentence Constituents and the Five Basic Sentence Patterns ?句子成分 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。 汉语里一般的句子成分有六种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。 英语的基本成分有七(或八)种:主语(subject),谓语(predicate),表语(predicative),宾语(object),定语(attribute),状语(adverbial),补语(complement),[同位语(appositive)]。 七(或八)种句子基本成分: I saw a tall boy take your book just now. 主谓定宾(宾)补状 The boy Li Ming is good. 主[同位] 表 ?五种基本句型: 1.主+谓; 2.主+系+表; 3.主+谓+宾; 4.主+谓+间宾+直宾; 5.主+谓+宾+宾补 什么是主语? 主语是一个句子的主体,是全句要说明的中心部分。一般放于句首。如: Students study. They are good friends. To see is to believe. 什么可以作主语? Shanghai is in the east of China. Tom works very hard. (名词) I bought a new book. That is a picture of our school. Who knows the answer? (代词) Three plus four is seven. The first is the best. (数词) To see is to believe. It is important to learn English. (动词不定式) Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词) The old should be respected. The disabled will receive more money. (名词化的形容词) What he said is not true. How to finish the work is a problem. (主语从句及复合结构) 什么是谓语? 谓语说明主语做了什么,是什么,怎么样;说明主语的动作、状态和特征。通常由动词的各种形式来充当,并且和主语在人称和数上保持一致,一般放在主语之后。如: We study English. The little girl dances well. He laughed at his classmates. She looks well. 什么可以作谓语? We love China. We have finished reading this book. He can speak English. (及物动词vt) My mother usually gets up early. The boy often plays in his yard. (不及物动词vi) She seems tired. (系动词link-v) 谓语有哪些表现形式? 掌握谓语应注意它的几种变化: 1) 人称和数的变化(主谓一致)。如: I work in a big company. He works in a big company. 2) 时态变化。如: I usually get up at six. I am getting up now. I got up at five yesterday. I will get up at seven tomorrow. I have already got up. I was getting up when he came in. I had got up when he came to my house. 3) 语态变化。如:

句子成分与五种基本句型

句子成分与五种基本句型班级:姓名: 一、句子成分 一)主语:是句子要说明的人或物,是句子的主体,一般放在。 1. The book is mine. ( ) 2. I teach you English.. () 3. Three plus four equals seven. ( ) 4. To see is to believe. () 5. Smoking is not allowed in public places. () 6. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. () 二)谓语由____ _______担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语。划出以下句子的谓语: 1. We clean the classroom every day . 2. I don't like the picture on the wall. 3. You should have breakfast. 三)表语它的位置在__________之后。是用来说明主语的________,_______, ________的. 1. My father is a professor. ( ) 2. Everything here is expensive. ( ) 3. The story of my life may be of help to others.( ) 4. His plan is to seek work in the city. ( ) 5. The match became very exciting.( ) 6. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( ) 四)宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。 1. She covered her face with her hands.( ) 2. We haven't seen her for a long time. ( ) 3. We need to know what others are doing. ( ) 4. We should care about our friends. ( ) 五)定语是修饰__ _. 单个词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____;短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之___ __。 1. Mary is a beautiful girl.. () 2. China is a developing country. ( ) 3. I have nothing to eat. ( ) 4. The boy who is talking with Tom is from Beijing. ( ) 六)状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。 1.There is a shop near the school gate. ( ) 2.I left the village five years ago. ( ) 3.I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( ) 4.We'll send a car to fetch you. ( ) 5.The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( ) 6.The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( ) 7.If you work hard, you will be successful. ( ) 8.Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( ) 七)宾语补足语 英语有些及物动词,除了要有宾语之外,还要加上宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整。宾补放在后面补充说明。

句子成分和基本句型

句子成分和基本句型 什么是句子? 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位.句子的第一个字母必须大写,结尾要有.?! I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is ! *句子成分由词或词组充当 英语的基本成分有七种: 主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)补语(complement) 1.主语:主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分.一般由名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当.它的位置一般在句首. The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends. 谓语: 谓语说明主语做什么,是什么,怎么样,由简单动词或者动词短语构成. They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English. 表语: 表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,短语,或者从句充当.表语位于系动词后面. I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing. 宾语 宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,短语,不定式,动名词,从句充当.它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语之后. She plays the piano. He often helps me.

初中英语句子成分讲解

初中英语句子成分 一.句子的成分:句子的成分是指组成句子的各个部分,即:主语、谓语、表语、 宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、补足语、定语、状语等。 主要成分:主语和谓语 句子的成分 次要成分:表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等 (一)主语:主语是一个句子的主要成分,也是句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,Subject 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。 注意:在there be结构、疑问(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓 例如:Tom is a good boy. (名词) We often speak English in class. (代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为形式主语,真正的主语是不 定式) (二)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。说明主语“做什么”、Predicate “是什么”或“怎么样”,一般由动词或动词短语来充当,一般放在主语之后。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。谓语的构成如下: 1.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如: I like apples. ( 动词) He practices running every morning. (动词短语) 2.复合谓语:(1)由(情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形)构成; 例如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.

英语句子成分及基本句型

英语句子成分及基本句型 1.1 句子成分 A. 主语(Subject)主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外,主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或“什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语(Predicate)谓语表示主语的动作或状态,分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成;复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C.表语(Predicative)在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有 be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I n eed. D. 宾语(Object)宾语是动作行为的对象,说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语(Direct Object)和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语(Object Complement)是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out.

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