文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 复旦大学考博英语历年试题题型题量分析

复旦大学考博英语历年试题题型题量分析

???量分析导语:考博,英语是第一?关,而英语成绩?的高低主要?取决于平时?的复习,因此决心考?博的考生一?定要提前准?备,每天学习英?语。全国各大院?校在制定本?校英语专业?考试大纲时?,对英语的考?核基本上不?指定参考书?,考生在备考?时往往感到?漫无目的,无所适从,所以对各大?院校的考博?英语历年真?题分析则显?得尤为重要?,能够为考生?准确定位自?己的英语水?平提供良好?的参照,也使考生对?自己报考的?院校试题有?一个全面的?了解,更加清晰地?了解出题者?的思路,从而正确地?制定出复习?方法和学习?步骤,使复习具有?针对性。下面是华慧?考博的老师?对复旦大学?试题进行的?一个全面的?分析。

一.试题结构分?析

复旦大学考?博英语的测?试时间为3?个小时,试卷分为词?汇、阅读、完型、翻译、作文5个部?分。华慧老师根?据近几年来?的真题进行?了分析,并列表如下?:

二.考核要求:

除医学考博?英语外,其他专业的?考博英语由?全国各大院?校自主命题?,而且各院校?的考核要求?水平也有差?异,其中复旦大?学的考博英?语对考生的?具体要求如?下:

词汇方面,需要考生掌?握7000?~8000单词,900常用动词短语。当然,一般掌握了?六级及硕士?研究生入学考试的?词汇,通过考博英?语也没有多?大问题,只是词汇题?可能失去少?数分数。长期关注和?研究考博英?语试题,反对有些所?谓考博英语?词汇书所讲?的考博需要掌?握1万甚至?1万以上词汇的观点。事实上,背诵那么多?词汇是没有?多大意义的?,考博英语考?查的重点不?是考生掌握?了多少词汇?,而是阅读、翻译、写作能力。所以,词汇够用即?可,建议复习自?己当年很熟?悉的考研词汇、六级词汇,然后略加拓?展,如可看看公?共英语等级?考试五级词?汇、新托福词汇?、部分GRE?词汇。有些院校公?布了词汇表?或参考词汇?表,但实际出题?人并不怎么?按大纲出题?。英语说到底?还是个水平?问题。

语法方面,复旦大学考?博英语试题?都不直接考?查语法,但语法有必?要全面复习?一下。这也不怎么?花费时间。

阅读方面,能读懂一般?英美报刊杂?志上的社论?,比如经济人?网;能分析上蔟?体裁文章的?思想观点。能在6分钟?内速度60?0字左右的文章,并掌握文章?的主旨和大?意,理解事实和?细节。

写作方面,一般都是命?题作文,即给定题目?写一篇30?0词左右的议论文。但复旦大学?也出现过看?图作文,这类命题形?式可能还会?采用。作文应当认?真准备。这是容易得?分也容易失?分的项目。要求考生写?作速度为5?0分钟0个单词,思路清晰、内容充实、语言通顺。

三.专项分析:

1.词汇(30题,共计15分? 0.5×30=15)

复旦大学考?博英语词汇?题部分共3?0道题,每道题0.5分,共15分。要求考生从?所给的四个?选项中选出?可用在句中?的最恰当词?或词组,考题中出现?的词汇、词组、短语等都是?重要的备考?知识点。

词汇单选选?择题主要分?四大类型:一词多义,一个词既有?核心意义,也有引申意?义,例如eco?nomy,它的最常见?义项是经济?,但是它还有?另外一个义?项,节约、有效利用资?源的意思。第二类是近?义词辨析,例如l y 和y,两者都表示?连接地,不断地,但两者的区?别是前者表?示再三、反复发生,后者强调连?续地,不停歇地。辨析近义词?不仅要牢固?的掌握单词?的意思,还需要熟读?例句。第三类是近?义词,考察的是考?生对形近单?词的分辨能?力,如:两个单词之?间只相差一?个字母,但意思却差?别很大,有采用方案?,计划和收养?孩子的意思?。而adap?t有适应环境,生

活,改变剧本,文学作品等?意思。第四类是词?语搭配,如:take up, take off, take on, take over.分别是占据?,起飞,承担工作,接管的意思?。

词汇题的重?点:

纯词汇题,词义的理解?,词汇以及介?词或词组的?搭配

可使用的技?巧:

(1)上下文推断?(微弱的联系?,强大的推理?)

(2)很多情况下?上下文完全?没有思路,明白才是硬?道理

举例:2009. 7. The aim-k es is to help us

.

up

词汇题的难?点:

近义词的辨?析,外形或意义?相近,容易混淆,答案中会隐?藏玄机。让胜利在望?化为泡影

举例:2009. man was at the

e nt

o m

误区:很多考生知?道词汇的重?要性,它贯穿于整?套试题,但是对于词?汇的记忆很?头疼,有的考生看?到词汇辨析?题便会选择?直接放弃而?更加去注重?语法的学习?,其实像复旦?大学的词汇?语法题中并?没有牵涉太?多的语法,所以应该更?加注重词汇?的运用而不?是盲目跟风?。

2.阅读理解(20题,共计40分? 2×20=40)

阅读理解短?文内容涉及?社会科学(主要包括社?会学、教育、人类学、心理学、经济、管理、金融等领域?)、自然科学(主要包括化?学、生物、交通、物理、工程、计算机、医学、农业等领域?)和人文科学?(主要包括哲?学、历史、文学、语言、新闻、艺术等领域?)。根据大纲要?求,阅读理解的?常考题型主?

要可归纳为?以下几种:主旨大意题?、推理判断题?、词汇语义型?、事实细节题?及观点态度?题。

复旦大学阅?读题共4篇?短文,每篇短文有?5道题目,共20道题?目,每道题2分?,共占40分?。考生需完成?1800-2200词汇的阅读量?。这一部分主?要测试

考生?在规定60?分钟时间内?通过阅读获?取相关信息?的能力。要求考生能?够:

1.掌握中心思?想、主要内容和?具体细节;

2.进行相关的?分析、判断和推理?;

3.准确把握某?些词和词组?在上下文中?的特定含义?;

4.领会作者的?观点和意图?、判断作者的?态度。

从近几年复?旦大学考博?英语阅读文?章选材来看?,文章涉及话?题广泛,例如计算机?网络,地球磁场,恐怖袭击,教育等。

从复旦大学?考博英语阅?读理解整体?来看,最常考是以?下几种题型?:细节题、词汇理解题?和态度题。要求考生从?整体上要把?握好出题的?规律,但在具体的?细节上要把?握命题人的?考试意图,将考点击破?,双管齐下,实现考分的?飞跃。下面介绍复?旦大学考博?英语阅读理?解问题的几?种主要出题?手段、解题技巧和?实例分析。

阅读理解的?重点:把握阅读的?方法

1.我们阅读是?为了解题,因此,没有必要试?图去弄懂文?章的每一个?词,一方面时间?不允许,另一方面就?算把文章全?部翻译成中?文也未必就?选得对答案?。

2.尽量跟着作?者的思路走?,不要局限于?单词和句子?层面,要能够顺着?思路,把握文章脉?络,千万不要只?见树木不见?森林,只有使自己?的视野保持?一定的高度?,才不至于被?命题人牵着?鼻子走,才能清楚找?到命题人的?思路,挖掘他们设?置的陷阱。说简单点就?是抓住文章?中心,抓住段落中?心。

3.遇到不懂的?句子或句群?要暂时跳过?,也许这些句?子本身就无?关紧要,也许现在不?懂,但读完全文?后或到做题?目时就自然?明白了。千万不要回?过头去反复?琢磨。这会浪费你?宝贵的时间?,也会扰乱你?的心情,得不偿失。

4.不断尝试分?析和把握文?章的整体结?构,段落之间的?关系,句子与句子?之间的关系?,句群内部的?关系。比如并列结?构、总分结构、倒装结构、递进关系、同位语结构?,而往往这些?都是命题人?最喜欢的命?题处和藏答?案处。

阅读理解的?难点:有效提高阅?读的速度

1.抓住中心

文章的首末?段一般就是?文章的中心?,这里的每句?话要争取完?全弄懂。弄懂中心了?,后面的内容?也就好理解?。再就是每段?话的中心句?,一般在段首?或者段尾,也要争取完?全弄懂。这些中心是?文章的骨架?,掌握好这些?内容,其他的内容?都是围绕中?心展开的,就可以略看?,这时遇到不?很懂的地方?也要学会放?弃,暂时跳过去?,不管它。

2.注意标点

符号阅读时?要一整句话?一整句话的?理解,在没有出现?句号等表示?一句话已经?完整的符号?前,不要停下阅?读而去理解?句子的意思?。因为一句完?整的句子才?能正确表达?原文的意思?,你如果只看?几个词组或?者句子中的?部分成分就?去理解原文?很容易断章?取义,造成错误的?理解。

同时要注意?分号,破折号,它们常常是?命题的好地?方。

3.注意转折词?

考博阅读中?最常见的考?查点就是转?折词。往往问题的?答案就在转?折词后面的?句子里,所以在阅读?时一定要注?意“出现转折词?”的地方,并做好标记?。

4.注意区分文?章的论点和?论据

考博阅读一?般是议论题?材,论点一般在?原文首段就?以精练的语?言表达出来?了的,字数少,要精读,是必须把握?的,而论据是分?散在原文各?段,多呈事实细?节性描叙出?现在原文,这些内容可?以略看。

5.寻找并圈点?句群

把说明和论?证同一问题?的句子列为?一个句群,并把它们用?记号(括号)圈点起来,一并理解。这样有助于?排除命题干?扰,同时也可减?少阅读的量?。

阅读理解的?误区:重词汇轻阅?读

在进行阅读?的过程中,不是考生的?词汇过关了?,英语考试中?的阅读题就?没有问题了?。其实,即使一篇英?语文章中你?所有的词汇?都认识,后面的考题?却不一定能?做对。所以要注意?阅读理解整?体上的把握?。

4.完形填空(10题,共计10分? 1×10=10)

复旦大学的?完形填空主?要考查考生?的英语综合?运用能力,且题型类别?为无选项性?填空题。试题为一篇?短文内含1?0处填空,考生必须根?据上下文逻?辑关系填上?一个词性、意义和词形?都合适的单?词。例如填写b?n,as,that,no等词。每空1分,共10分。

这既是重点?又是难点,同时我们还?需掌握些基?本的技巧。

此外文章大?部分也是来?自国外报刊?涉及环境、科技、经济等方面?内容(参考下面的?表格分析)。所以说考生?一定要在平?时多阅读外?文网站,扩大知识面?。熟悉外国人?写文章思路?。

理论上正确?的选项一定?是紧扣文章?的主题和中?心主线的。故而,做题时思维?应当紧紧围?绕中心思想?展开。(更加有利于?理清文章的?逻辑关系)

同现

同现是一种?词汇的衔接?手段。同现实际上?就是一组具?有相同倾向?性的词语,这些词语所?表现的倾向?性往往与中?心主线中的?导向一致,或者说这些?

同现词语的?任务就是对?文章的导向?进行展开支?持。

复现

复现可以是?相同的词重?复出现,也可以是用?不同的词表?达相同的意?思。复现的解题?意义在于,有复现关系?,只要从选项?中选出与那?些词汇意义?相同的就是?正确答案。

关联

出题人一般?会将一个关?联词语设置?成已知信息?,另一个是未?知的,这样那个已?知的词语便?成为破解未?知词语的关?键线索。

对应

句子的各个?成分之间便?形成一定的?对应关系,考生可以根?据这种逻辑?关系找出与?未知填空相?对应的已知?成分作为线?索,通过对应的?已知成分推?

断出未知填?空的答案。

误区:考博当中,在英语知识?运用(完型填空)当中,经常会考到?一些词汇辨?

析。由于这些词?汇在意思或?拼写上比较?相似,通常会误导?考生,比如:

i ve作形容词时和r?n t的区别

i ve通常意为“ 的 ?的”; 时?也指的是“涉及到的”? 是 ?。如:

i ve to the case. ? 的 ?情况。

a nt通常意为“ 的? 的”? 的 况? 的 ??联;另外 a nt还 “ 价值的 意义的”之意。如:

? 的?经吗?

n s rele. 的 ??实意义。

k和m ent的区别

k和m ent意? 是 ?义词 ?作 词和 ?词。

作 词时 k指(?点)的“ 评述” 为 词?;comm?e nt是(?行的)“评 解释”( 也 ?) 还 作“批评 指责”(常 形?式)。

作 词时 意 ? 。 为?k更常翻译为“指出 为”; n t更正式更侧重“评 ”?经常 到。

4翻译(1题,共计10分? 1×10=10)

英译汉短文?内容大体上?涉及当前人?们普遍关注?的社会生活?、政治、经济、历史、文化、科普等方面?的一般常识?或社会、自然科学与?技术常识的?题材,题材多为议?论文。

复旦大学考?博英语的翻?译题型为汉?译英,没有英译汉?。汉译英占分?20分。给出一段2?00~300字左右的短文,要求考生将?其全部翻译?成中文。汉译英考查?考生选择恰?当的英语单?词、词组和句型?来准确表达?汉语意思的?能力;适当考查考?生对增、减、变词义、断句和合句?等汉译英基?本技巧的运?用能力。

从体裁和选?材上来看,汉译英的选?材涉及人文?科普类。

真题篇章类?型总结

命题规律:

1句子较长,结构复杂

其中可能包?括定语从句?,状语从句,同位语从句?等,这些句子结?构比较复杂?,容易迷惑考?生。

2句子较短,暗藏杀机

虽然句子较?短,但其中陷阱?很多,有省略句,虚拟语气,分割句(中心句和修?饰语被其他?成分分开)以及常见词?特殊用法等?,使得看似简?单且没有生?词的句子却?不知何意。

3新词的出现

随着科技的?进步,人们交流的?频繁,在报纸上、口语中出现?了一些新词?,这就需要根?据汉语的习?惯以及平时?的知识积累?把它翻译出?来。

翻译重点:

针对考博英?语翻译这种?较难驾驭的?题型,考生在备考?时该从何处?入手呢?笔者建议考?生将备考重?点与难点放?在以下三个?方面:如何解读长?句、如何把握词?汇含义、如何运用翻?译技巧准确?表述原文。

1. 如何解读长?句

解读英语长?句经常令很?多考生感到?头疼,这在很大程?度上是由于?英汉两种语?言在句子结?构上存在很?大差异造成?的。英语重“形合”,句中的单词?或分句之间?用语言形式?手段(如关联词)连接起来,表达语法意?义和逻辑关?系,注重语法形?式;而汉语重“意合”,词语或分句?之间不用语?言形式手段?连接,句中的语法?意义和逻辑?关系通过词?语或分句的?含义表达,语法结构相?对松散。很多考生在?解读英语长?句时,难以改变汉?语“意合”式思维的影?响,认为句子就?是单词的排?列,认识了单词?,就能读懂句?子。如果运用这?种思维解读?英语长句,其结果要么?是解读错误?,要么是根本?读不懂。要克服这一?困难,考生就需要?把握英语句?子“形合”的主要特点?。“形合”即形式的逻?辑,英语在形式?上体现出来?的逻辑主要?有两种模式?:

①简单句模式?,即“主语+谓语/系动词+宾语/表语的模式?。该句型的核?心是谓语动?词,一个简单句?有且只有一?个谓语动词?。只要能识别?动词,就等于识别?了简单句。

②数个简单句?依靠连词连?接成长句的?模式。

这里的连词?包括两类:并列连词(如and、or、but、so等)和连接从句?的各类连词?。只要能把握?住这两个主?要模式,解读英语长?句就不难了?。考生可以首?先找出句中?有几个谓语?动词。如果句中只?有一个谓语?动词,那说明这句?话只不过是?一个简单句?的扩展,之所以显得?长,无非是增加?了一些作定?语、状语或宾语?补足语之类?的短语。只要能区分?这些短语,就能很快找?到该简单句?的核心结构?,从而理清句?子的核心意?义。如果句子中?出现两个或?两个以上的?谓语动词,那说明这句?话是由两个?或两个以上?的简单句连?接而

成的长?句,这时就需要?找出它们之?间的连接点?——连词。找到连词,就可以将长?句截分开来?。然后根据连?词所揭示的?逻辑关系将?各个简单句?的意义串起?来,长句的意思?就明晰了。

2.如何把握词?汇含义

英汉词汇一?个很重要的?区别在于:汉语词汇的?含义一般较?为固定,而英语词汇?大都一词多?义,同一单词的?含义可能会?根据上下文?的语境不同?而发生变化?。这就要求考?生在复习时?,首先要熟悉?历年翻译考?题中经常出?现的一词多?义现象;其次要多做?练习,训练根据上?下文把握词?义的能力。通常情况下?,根据上下文?把握词义的?方法有以下?几种:

①根据词性判?断。对于有些词?语,词性不同则?意义不同,因而可根据?上下文判断?其词性,进而确定其?意义。

②根据搭配判?断。这里指通过?上下文中与?该词意义联?系最密切的?词来识别该?词的具体含?义。

③根据文章背?景判断。如果一个词?语按词典中?的常用意义?翻译出来后?,在表达上不?符合中文习?惯,而根据其所?在句的内容?也无法确定?其意义时,就需要考生?参照文章中?的其他信息?(如文章主题?等)来确定其具?体词义。

此外,笔者还要强?调一点:考博英语翻?译对词汇的?考查重点在?于词汇的深?度,而非词汇的?广度。所以笔者建?议考生在备?考翻译词汇?时,不要简单、机械地去记?词义,而要真正地?理解词汇在?不同语境中?的具体用法?。

3.如何运用翻?译技巧准确?表述原文

有些考生发?现,即使已经理?解了英文原?文,但还是不能?用汉语准确?地表达出来?。这一方面与?考生本身的?汉语功底有?关,但另一方面?也由于考生?不会灵活地?运用翻译技?巧。翻译技巧的?作用在于定?位英汉表达?的差异,并解释一些?常用的转换?原则。考博英语翻?译中常涉及?翻译技巧的?地方主要有?以下三个方?面:

①从句的翻译?技巧。考博英语翻?译中经常考?查从句的翻?译,尤其是定语?从句的翻译?,几乎每年必?考,所以考生需?要熟练掌握?定语从句的?一些翻译技?巧(包括前置法?、后置法和融?合法等)。

②长短语的翻?译技巧。考博英语翻?译中经常出?现多个短语?并列或单个?短语构成很?长的情况,这时就需要?考生根据具?体的语境,把短语翻译?成汉语短句?。

③语序的处理?。英语习惯先?表态,再说事实;而汉语则习?惯先说事实?,再表态;所以考生在?翻译时需要?注意语序的?问题。例如,英语说“N ”,而汉语则习?惯说“见到你很高?兴”。

翻译难点:

翻译的 ??? 为 ? 容 ?。 ?是 ?长35?个字。

有关翻译的?标准,严复先生提?出经典的“信、达、雅”——内容忠实原?文谓信,文辞畅达谓?达,有文采谓雅?。这三个层面?中前两者为?根本和必要?,能够基本达?到已经实属?不易。至于雅,翻译一般并?不做此要求?,一方便因为?雅实在是难?上加难另一?方面也并非?必不可缺,而且考博翻?译多为科学?常识性文章?,不会涉及这?点。

误区:据笔者观察?,考生在平时?做翻译练习?时存在以下?两个误区:

1. 盲目练习

有些考生在?备考考博英?语翻译时,买了很多模?拟题来练习?。其实,考生并不需?要做太多的?模拟题,而应把训练?的重点放在?历年的考博?英语翻译真?题上。真题是英语?专家经过仔?细筛选而来?的,并经过审题?人的层层审?查;而模拟题由?于出题人的?水平参差不?齐,所选择的题?材和体裁都?不一定适合?考博英语翻?译。而且,考博英语实?行这么多年?以来,其翻译的选?题范围已基?本确定,考生只要将?这些真题熟?练掌握,到真正的考?场上时,无论是遇到?单词还是长?难句,都会有“似曾相识”的感觉。因此,笔者建议考?生以历年真?题为重点,在熟练把握?真题的基础?上,可以适当地?选择一些模?拟题练习。

2 “看”翻译

有些考生在?做翻译练习?时,先看一下英?文原文,觉得每一个?单词的意思?都能理解,然后再对照?看一下中文?译文,觉得其译文?和自己理解?的差不多,就认为练习?的目的达到?了,根本不必真?正动手翻译?了。但其实事实?远非如此。相信大家有?过这样的感?受:等到了真正?的考场上,必须自己动?手做翻译时?才发现,英文句子中?的每个词都?认识,其句子意思?也大概明白?,可就是不能?把英语适当?地转换成汉?语。而之所以会?这样,往往是因为?考生在平时?做练习时只?“看”不“做”。

因此,笔者提醒各?位考生,翻译是“做”出来的,不是“看”出来的。要真正练习?翻译,一定要在不?看任何答案?提示的前提?下,自己动脑动?手,把英语翻译?成汉语。

5.写作(1题,共计15分? 1×15=15)

写作是考博?英语的重点?,考察考生用?英语分析事?物和表达自?己的观点的?能力或概括?事物的能力?。这部分对大?叔考生来说?是最难攻克?的难关。

复旦大学考?博英语的写?作占15分?,要求考生看?图作文写一?篇250字?左右的评论?。写作题的目?的是测试考?生用英语表?达思想或传?递信息的能?力及对英文?写作基础知?识的实际运?用。从复旦考博?写作题型上?来看,07年以前主要是命题?作文,08年以后主要是图表?作文,即要求考生?在所给时间?内,对所给图表?进行分析归?纳和总结,然后用简洁?、生动、准确的语言?将图中所提?供的信息完?整地表达出?来,并对图中的?信息作出自?己的评论复?旦考博英语?试卷中短文?写作部分改?变了以往提?纲三段式作?文形式,采用了图画?式作文。此举的目的?是为了避免?考生猜题,同时也增加?了作文的难?度。考生除了在?语言技能上?多下功夫外?,还要熟悉一?些图表式作?文的要领。从复旦考博?写作的选材?上来说,主要是针对?一些学习、工作、生活上的问?题的思考以?及对社会现?象的评论,提出自己的?观点并论述?。例如200?9年的公交车上不给老?年人让座,2008年的针对考试?成绩的不同?态度,2006年的态度决定?结果等,或者按照命?题写出一篇?200字的命题作文,例如200?7年的野心塑造男人,2005年的对当代中?国的传统节?日的看法。

历年写作考?题及写作类?型总结

段落的主题?

一篇文章有?中心思想,也就是题目?。而每个段落?有段落主题?,段落主题是?为文章中心?思想服务的?。

每个段落只?能有一个主?题,它用一个句?子加以表达?,所以称为主?题句。主题提出后?需要很多结?构严谨的句?子来支持和?说明,称为扩展句?,最后得出一?个结论并用?一个结尾句?表达。

写好主题句?

定义:主题句为一?个完整的句?子,用以概括、叙述和说明?该段的主题?。

位置:主题句一般?位于段首,也可置于段?尾或段中,考生最好放?在段首,这样较容易?掌握和构思?。例如:

位于段首:在英文中,大部分段落?的第一句便?是主题句。开门见山地?提出问题,后面的扩展?句围绕主题?句加以说明?、支持、补充和解释?。

位于段尾:主题句位于?段尾便于总?结全段的内?容。给读者以深?刻的印象,是写作中的?一种演绎方?法。

位于段中:位于段中的?主题句起承?上启下的作?用,这类主题句?多是转折作?用,一般由 “ ” 等词连接,用于引起下?文。

写作难点:写好扩展句?和段落

围绕主题句?展开,支持、说明和阐述?主题句的句?子便是扩展?句。扩展句紧扣?主题句中的?关键词而展?开,句子与句子?之间逻辑清?楚,上下转承结?合得当,简明扼要。重点突出。一般来说,每个自然段?除了主题句?与结尾句之?

外,还包含了3?——6个扩展句。所以,写好了扩展?句边基本上?完成一个自?然段落。

做题时,一旦定下主?题和关键词?,作者便按照?自己的思路?来组织段落?中的句子,句子之间要?具有连贯性?,就必须由一?系列的逻辑?关系构成,例如:并列关系,因果关系,转换关系等?,这些逻辑关?系可由一系?列的过渡词?来完成,过渡词在句?子与句子之?间、段落与段落?之间起到承?上启下的作?用,使句子与段?落之间的衔?接自然、连贯,逻辑合理,结构严谨,因此极为重?要。

误区:

误区一:用中文思维?串联英文词?汇

一些同学在?绞尽脑汁也?写不出英语?作文的情况?下,会先按照要?求写出一篇?中文稿,然后再借助?字典翻译成?对应的英语?作文;还有一些同?学习惯性地?用中文的表?达方式来写?英语作文,这就造成了?所谓的中国?式英语作文?。在这样的作?文里,我们常常读?到以下这类?用中文的语?法和英语单?词拼凑出来?的句子:

“ ”

正确表达:me very much.

应对途径:强化语法

要想流利地?掌握一门外?语,你需要能够?使用该语言?思考。而将中文式?思维转变为?英语思同学?的词汇量很?丰富,但是对于怎?么用,什么时候用?却并不明白?。而这些恰恰?是语法知识?所能告诉我?们的。哪些词要用?在句中,哪些词应该?用在句尾,语法里都有?相应的规定?。一旦用错了?位置就会写?成英国人看?不懂的英语?作文。另外,对于词汇所?存在的不同?的形态也应?该注意。

误区二:过分“精雕细琢”而忽视了“大局”

不少同学在?写英语作文?时,过多地注重?“优美的文笔?”。因此,他们习惯于?用电子辞典?搜集华丽的?词藻,并运用难度?颇高的句式?,希望能让自?己的作文“技高一筹”。但多数情况?下会弄巧成?拙。太生僻的单?词同学们运?用起来并不?能得心应手?,而且使用太?复杂的句型?也较易出错?。

应对途径:用平常心表?达平常事

写作要求学?生能够综合?运用逻辑、词汇和语法?等多种知识?和技能,但并不苛求?学生去做标?新立异的创?作。因此同学们?无需力求完?美地在字典?中搜寻生僻?的词汇,也不需要写?得多么高深?莫测,而是应该抱?着平常的心?态去描述自?己看到的东?西,表达自己想?到的内容,将学过的词?从记忆深处?调动出来,复习语法课?上学到的知?识。用这样的心?态写出来的?东西内容虽?简单但不乏?生活气息,语言虽稚嫩?,但却准确、易懂。

误区三:文章冗长,细枝末节过?多

不少考生担?心作文的长?度不够,再加上对于?“可适当增减?细节,不可字对字?的翻译”的误解,于是便充分?发挥想象力?,加入了很多?离题较远的?细枝末节。这样的文章?写出来更像?是一篇“大杂烩”,从中找不出?明确的主题?。还有一些作?文,句与句之间?的连贯性不?强,逻辑思维混?乱,读起来让人?摸不到头脑?。

应对途径:理清思路,言之有物

很多同学写?不够题目要?求的作文字?数,其中一个重?要原因就是?对于题目本?身没有理解?透彻。建议同学们?不要急于下?笔,而应先考虑?清楚自己要?说几点内容?,这些内容之?间的逻辑关?系是怎样的?。

作文开头简?洁明快,要找着恰当?的切入点,快速入题;结尾同样不?要拖泥带水?。建议大家多?使用一些关?联词。有了这些词?的连接,就会使文章?变得语句通?顺,层次清楚。另外,同学们应该?记住:只要关联词?搭配合理,短小的句型?、简单的短语?同样也能使?文章出彩。

复旦大学考博英语试题2003

复旦大学2003年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题(秋季) PartⅠListening Comprehension (15%) 略 PartⅡV ocabulary and Structure (10%) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in the part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 21. She her vacation so much that she didn?t want it to end. A. missed B. budgeted C. loathed D. relished 22. They tried to keep it quiet but eventually everyone learned about the meeting. A. intangible B. sedate C. impudent D. clandestine 23. Many citizens appealed to the city government for enacting laws to protect the consumers. A. rigorous B. equivocal C. stringent D. furtive 24. People who like to were red clothes are more likely to be talkative and . A. lucrative B. introverted C. vivacious D. perilous 25. This is but a of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. A. faction B. friction C. fraction D. fracture 26. They were tired, but not less enthusiastic that account. A. on B. by C. for D. with 27. I think it is high time we the fact that environment pollution in this area is getting more serious than before. A. woke up to B. must wake up to C. wake up to D. are waking up to 28. So was the mood of the meeting that an agreement was soon reached. A. resentful

2017年北京清华大学考博英语真题

2017年北京清华大学考博英语真题 1. The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to funds from armaments to health and education. A. derive B. deprive C. dispatch D. divert 2. To fund the event and also promote the marketing value of the National Games, the organizing committee set up the Marketing Development Department (MDD). A. beneficent B. expensive C. costly D. luxurious 3. Japanese workers still put in an impressive 42 hours each week, but they are by the South Koreans and Singaporeans who spend an average 46 hours at the grindstone. A. outdone B. outweighed C. outrun D. outrivaled 4. With the economy of the country going strong, the mood is optimism. A. presiding B. circulating C. floating D. prevailing 5. The hunter knows quite well that wild animals go seeking their in the jungle after dark. A. victim B. favorite C. prey D. sacrifice 6. The company, EDS, is smart enough to its 90,000-person workforce into independent micro teams that work directly with individual clients on creative business solutions. A. break out 、 B. break off C. break from D. break down 7. They agreed to take their disputes before the committee and by its decisions. A. stand B. observe C. abide D. precede 8. Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very . A. obscure B. indefinite C. dubious D. intriguing 9. Please don’t too much on the painful memories. Everything will be all right.

(完整版)复旦大学2015年考博英语试题回忆版整理

2015年考博 单选: 有少部分原题(出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》) 阅读理解: 第一篇:Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇:关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问:文章开头是什么意思,我选择了,和传统广告一样,互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问:下列哪些选项作者没提及:我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的:我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度:uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了,我选的客观的。 第三篇:关于脸书,推特等这些网络平台火的原因,强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content,而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问:Myspace社交平台火的原因:我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及:我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary

2006年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

2006年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解 Paper One Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure (15%) Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter or Answer Sheet I with a single line through center. 1. Official figures show that unemployment ______ in November and then fell slowly over the next two months. A. plodded B. peeped C. plunged D. peaked 【答案】D 【解析】句意:官方数字显示,失业率在十一月达到顶峰,然后在随后的两个月里慢慢回落。peak到达最高点。plod沉重缓慢地走。peep窥视,偷看。plunge投入,跳进,陷入。 2. The old lady was immediately sent to a nearby hospital when she ______ from heat stroke. A. passed away B. passed off

C passed out D. passed by 【答案】C 【解析】句意:当这位老妇人由于中暑而昏过去时,立刻被送往了附近的医院。pass out 失去知觉,昏厥。pass away去世。pass off事情发生并完成;疼痛、药效等慢慢消失。pass by走过,经过。 3. Her spirits ______ at the thought of all the work she had to do that morning. A. sagged B. sacked C. saddled D. scored 【答案】A 【解析】句意:她脑子里满是那天早上她必须得做的工作。sag向下凹或中间下陷;松弛或不整齐地悬着。sack解雇某人;洗劫;就寝。saddle sb. with sth.让某人承担使人厌恶的责任或任务等。score记分,得分;刻痕。 4. Jack would rather his younger sister ______ in the same hospital as he does. A. worked B. works C. to work D. work

复旦大学考博英语必备词汇汇总

复旦大学考博英语必备词汇汇总 动词+副词形式 第一组 break down损坏,分解,瓦解 break in闯入;打断,插嘴 break out逃出;突然发生,爆发 bring to使恢复知觉 burn out Xu yao quan guo ge da yuan xiao kao bo ying yu zhen ti shi juan qing jia qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi,huo er ba jiu ling ling liu si san wu yi.ye ke yi bo da quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba xiang shou kao bo fu dao ti yan.烧掉 burn up烧起来,旺起来;烧完 catch on理解,明白 check in办理登记手续 check out结账后离开;检验,核查 check up(on)校对,检查,检验 cheer up使高兴,使振奋 clear away扫除,收拾 clear up收拾;澄清;放晴 make it clear that弄清楚 come off实现,成功,奏效 come on请,来吧,快点;开始,出场,上演 come out出版;出现,显露;结果是

第二组 come round(around)来访,前来;苏醒,复原come through经历,脱险 come up走近,上来;发生,被提出 cross out删去,取消 cut back削减,减少 cut down削减,降低 cut in(汽车)抢道;插嘴,打断 cut off切断;删去;停止 cut out删除 cut short突然停止 die down渐渐消失,平息 die out消失,灭绝 draw in(火车、汽车)到站 draw up写上,画上;草拟;停住 dress up穿上盛装,打扮得很漂亮 drop by/in顺便来访 dry out干透,使干 dry up干涸,枯竭 第三组 drop off减弱,减少 drop out退出,离队 fall behind落后 fall out争吵;结果是

2007年清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解

清华大学2007年博士研究生人学考试 英语试题 Part I Listening Comprehension(15 points)(略) Part II Reading Comprehendon (40%) Directions :There are 4 reading passages in this part Each passage is followed by some questions or unfin?ished statements. For each or them there are four choices marked A,B, C and D* You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet Questions 16 to 20 are based on the foUowing passage: Sometimes,over a span of many years,a business will continue to grow,generating ever-increasing a- mounts of cash,repurchasing stock,paying increased dividends,reducing debt,opening new stores,expan?ding production facilities,moving into new markets,etc.,while at the same tune its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls)* When this happens,the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range. Take,for example,Wal-Mart Over the past five years,the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80% , profits by over 100%,and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed An investor that read the annual report back in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security,deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio. Today,however, the equation is completely different~despite the stock price,Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more stores,and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat,largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the world?s largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy. Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon. Ten years ago,in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $36. 10 and $54. 30 per share. At the time, it had reported earnings per share of $ 1. 40 and paid a cash dividend of $ 0. 50 per share. Corporate per share book value was $ 2. 48. Last year, the stock traded within a range of $ 40. 30 and $ 45. 30 per share;squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet,despite the stagnant stock price,the 2006 estimates Value Line In?vestment Survey estimates for earnings per share stand around $2. 16 (a rise of 54% ),the cash dividend has more than doubled to $ 1. 20, book value is expected to have grown to $ 7. 40 per share (a gain of nearly 300% ),and the total number of shares outstanding (未偿付的,未完成的)has actually decreased,from 2. 481 billion to an estimated 2, 355 billion due to the company's share repurchase program. 16. This passage is probably a part of ? A. Find Hidden Value in the Market B. Become Richer C. Get Good Bargains D. Identify Good Companies 17. The italicized word“ stagnant?,(line 3,Para. 1) can be best paraphrased as ? A. prominent B. terrible C. unchanged D. progressing Wal-Mart is now trading at a much lower price because . A. it has stored a large quantity of goods B. it has become financially more powerful C. it has been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcy

复旦大学考博英语词汇真题模拟

复旦大学考博英语词汇真题模拟 根据复旦大学考博英语考试大纲规定,除掌握词汇的基本含义外,考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系,如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系,如动词与介词,形容词与介词,形容词与名词等;掌握词汇生产的基本知识,如词源、词根、词缀等。 一、根据复旦大学考博英语考试大纲规定,每年词汇题共30小题,每小题0.5分,共15分。 预计测试时间(25分钟) 1. Language, culture and personality may be considered of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact. [ A ] indistinctly [ B ] separately [ C ] irrelevantly [ D ] independently 2. Shortage of land and funding are blamed for the city‘s green space. [ A ] inefficient [ B ] inaccurate [ C ] inadequate [ D ] indispensable 3. It is well known that knowledge is the __ condition for expansion of mind. [ A ] incompatible [ B ] incredible [ C ] indefinite [ D ] indispensable 4. Although sports __ the household, Joe drew the line when they interfered with family tradi-tions and routine. [ A ] overwhelmed [ B ] affected [ C ] dominated [ D ] influenced 5. Once you have made your point clear at the __ of the essay, you must then proceed to con-vince readers about the position you have taken. [ A ] departure [ B ] outset [ C ] concentration [ D ] initiation 6. These excursions will give you an even deeper __ into our language and culture. [ A ] inquiry [ B ] investigation [ C ] input [ D ] insight 7. The novel contains some marvelously revealing __ of factory life. [ A ] glimpses [ B ] glances [ C ] shots [ D ] insights 8. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this produces artificial cold surrounding it. [ A ] absorption [ B ] transition [ C ] consumption [ D ] interaction (PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:四零零 六六八 六九七八) 9. One way for writers to support a point is through , that is, by means of several examples to back up an idea. [ A ] illustration [ B ] demonstration

2011年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

2011年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解 Paper One Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure (15%) Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I with a single line through the center. 1. He’s color-blind and can’t ______ the difference between red and green easily. A. detect B. discover C. distinguish D. determine 【答案】C 【解析】句意:他是色盲,难以辨出红色和绿色的区别。distinguish区分,辨别,分清。 2. As many as 100 species of fish, some ______ to these waters, may have been affected by the pollution. A. unusual B. particular C. typical D. unique

【解析】句意:多达100种鱼可能会受到污染的影响,而且有些鱼类是这些水域所特有的。be unique to为惯用搭配,指“只有……才有的;对……独一无二的”。其他选项也包含“特有的”意思,其区别在于:unusual指事物时表示某事极少发生,或极少被人耳闻目睹;particular指某事物存在专有特点,以此与其他事物相区别;typical侧重指“典型”,指某个群族中共有、而区别于其他群族。因此本题答案为D项。 3. In her bright yellow coat, she was easily ______ in the crowed. A. accessible B. identifiable C. negligible D. incredible 【答案】B 【解析】句意:她穿着亮黄色的外套,因此很容易就可从人群中将她辨认出来。identifiable 可辨认的;可识别的。accessible易接近的;可理解的;易相处的。negligible可以忽略的;微不足道的。incredible不可思议的;惊人的;难以置信的。 4. Some people find that certain foods ______ their headaches. A. introduce B. trigger C. summon D. create

2014年复旦大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题

2014年复旦大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题 PartΙVocabulary and structure (15 point) Directions: there are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEETΙwith a single line through the center. 1. To celebrate innovations and inspire budding entrepreneurs,the famous library is telling the story behind 15 of what it considers the most _______inventions to come out of Britain in the past 10 years. A. ingenious B. insane C. ingenuous D. inquisitive 2. Globalization carries an ______promise that it will relieve poverty and offer security----perhaps the most ancient of human dreams. A. exquisite B. equivocal C. implicit D. inflexible 3. The fact that your application was not successful this thme does not _______the possibility of your applying again next time. A. preclude B. prejudge C. predict D. precede 4. The pressure on employment will increase gradually and the problem of aging will become more ______. A. contagious B. deliberate C. conspicuous D. diverse 5. She was _______about her son’s safety every time he went out on his motorcycle. A. intensive B. abusive C. comprehensive D. apprehensive 6. Our goal is to_______the pace of international movement and steer theconsumer marker towards internationalization. A. harness B. handle C. highlight D. hamper 7. In a world where prodigious sports talents tend to _____higher education altogether for the pros, Tiger Woods chose to continue playing amateur golf at Stanford University as an economics major. A. purify B. forge C. pursue D. forgo 8. Lots of woman complain that the problem with men is that they won’t ________themselves to a relationship. A. commence B. promote C. commite D. prescribe 9. In recent years ,new house sales have slowed down to a crawl, but builders are starting to see sales ______ again. A. pick up B. pick out C. pick on D. pick off 10. In a perfect world this would be sufficient, but computers and software can crash, power cam fail, and other unpredictable catastrophic events can _______to erase your work. A. conduct B. conspire C. count D. compel 11. We shall never know how she came to be there, there is no way to _______it. A. account for B. go over C. hold on D. make up

清华大学考博英语必备翻译知识点与例句

清华大学考博英语必备翻译知识点与例句 1.When I fetched the sketch on the stretcher I found the secretary's secret. 当我拿来担架上的素描时我发现了秘书的秘密. 2.The mutual spirits inspired us to reach the annual aim. 相互的精神鼓舞了我们达到年度目标. 3.The roaring oar hit the coarse keyboard on the cupboard aboard the boat. 轰鸣的桨击中了船上碗柜上的粗糙键盘. 4.My intimate mate's ultimate estimate approximates the appropriate value. 我亲密伙伴的最终估计接近恰当的值.需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一,也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。 5.In case of necessity,necessary session can be held on the vessel. 必要时,必需的开庭可在船舶上进行. 6.By the navigation of microwave,the navy paved a pavement on the wavy sea. 借助微波导航,海军在多浪的大海上铺了一条路。 7.The minority of us are confronted with difficulty in the frontier of the major. 我们少数人在该专业尖端领域面临困难. 8.From the context of the text,I find the next pretext for

复旦大学考博英语词汇习题及参考资料一L

复旦大学考博英语词汇习题及参考资料一 1. Language,culture and personality may be considered of each other in thought,but they are inseparable in fact. [A ]indistinctly [ B ]separately [C ]irrelevantly [D ]independently 2. Shortage of land and funding are bl amed for the city‘s green space. [A ]inefficient [ B ]inaccurate [C ]inadequate [D ]indispensable 3. It is well known that knowledge is the __ condition for expansion of mind. [A ]incompatible [B ]incredible [C ]indefinite [D ]indispensable 4. Although sports __ the household,Joe drew the line when they interfered with family tradi-tions and routine. [A ]overwhelmed [B ]affected [C ]dominated [D ]influenced 5. Once you have made your point clear at the __ of the essay,you must then proceed to con-vince readers about the position you have taken. [A ]departure [B ]outset [C ]concentration [D ]initiation 6. These excursions will give you an even deeper __ into our language and culture. [A ]inquiry [ B ]investigation [C ]input [D ]insight 7. The novel contains some marvelously revealing __ of factory life. [A ]glimpses [ B ]glances [C ]shots [D ]insights 8. Changing from solid to liquid,water takes in heat from all substances near it,and this produces artificial cold surrounding it. [A ]absorption [ B ]transition [C ]consumption [D ]interaction 9. One way for writers to support a point is through ,that is,by means of several examples to back up an idea. [A ]illustration [ B ]demonstration [C ]explanation [D ]interpretation 10. In this factory the machines are not regulated __ bm are jointly controlled by a central com-puter system. [A ]independently [ B ]individually [C ]irrespectively [D ]irregularly 11. We must ___ __ that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible. [A ]assure [ B ]secure [C ]ensure [D ]issue 12. If we believe something is good and true we should __ to it. [A ]hold up [B ]keep on [C ]hold on [D ]keep up 13. That cupboaM must always be carefully locked.

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档