状语从句、非谓语动词与写作

状语从句、非谓语动词与写作

非谓语动词或从句之间相互改写

(1)We should drink water which has been boiled.

(2）They took the woman who was injured to the nearby hospital at once.

(3) The kidnappers were using a car which was stolen.

(4) The name which was mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.

(5) The dark-haired man went into the room.

(6) The firemen were trying to rescue the people who were trapped in the fire.

(7) Because she was frightened by the scene, the girl did not dare go out alone.

(8) Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.

(9) Unless I am invited, I will not go to the party.

写作中非谓语常见的错误

1.非谓语动词作状语被误用为单句

Working hard, and we can learn English well.

Given help if you can, and our country will improve better.

2.忽视非谓语动词的逻辑主语

Being bad, we had to put off the meeting.

3.主被动误用

English is hard to be learn well.

4.表达不地道，不符合英语表达习惯

To get up early is good for us.

写作中复合句常见的错误

1.只有从句，没有主句

The keeper who had lived in the light tower for a long time.

2.以逗号代替句号,把两个简单句当成一个句子

The old man thought of his son, tears came down from his face.

4.过多地使用并列句组合信息

①It is a beautiful day, and the sun is shining and a breeze is blowing.

②We were driving out into the country, and we saw our English teacher riding in a bus, and the bus was crowded.

学会运用复合句和非谓语动词

用一句话表达

1.①Kate is a new student. ②She comes from a northern province. ③She speaks a dialect.

2.不是人人都能精通英语，小学生同时学汉语和英语反而会影响汉语学习。

第一步：拆分成几个简单句

①不是人人都能学好英语。

②小学生同时学汉语和英语。

③这会影响汉语学习。

第二步：分别翻译这几个简单句

①Not everyone is good at learning English.

②Children from primary school learn English and Chinese at the same time.

③This will affect their Chinese study.

第三步：合并句子That children from primary school start to learn English and Chinese at the same time will affect their Chinese study because not everyone is good at learning English.

方法2：If children from primary school start to learn English and Chinese at the same time, this will affect their Chinese study because not everyone is good at learning English.

你来试试

要求：1. 用两句话表达表格内容

2. 两句话要有连贯性

参考词汇：

错别字: wrongly-written characters

网络语言：web language

第一句（两个信息点）：

1. 学生作文中出现很多错别字

2.（他们）上网聊天时经常使用网络语言。

①There are many wrongly-written characters in students’compositions.

②They often use web languages when chatting on line.

合并句子：The reason why there are many wrongly-written characters in students’composition is that they often use web languages when chatting on line.

第二句:

1. 每天有很多作业做

2. 没有记住生字。

①They have much homework to do every day.

②They fail to memorize the new characters.

合并句子：

1. Having \ With so much homework to do, they fail to memorize the new characters.

2. They have so much homework to do every day that they fail to memorize the new characters

3. Because they have so much homework to do, they fail to memorize the new characters.

连接两句话：

The reason why there are many wrongly-written characters in students’composition is that they often use web languages when chatting on line. Moreover, they have so much homework to do every day that they fail to memorize the new characters.

实战演练：以下是你根据图画内容和题目要求，经过观察、整理排列成的五个信息块，请分别用一个句子表达出来，并组成一篇连贯性的短文。

1.一个乞丐在路边讨钱(ask for money)。李先生匆忙赶路上班，没有注意到那个乞丐。

2，乞丐很生气，伸出(stick out)拐杖，差点把李先生绊倒了(trip over)。,

3.李先生意识到他是个残疾人，便在口袋里找钱给他。

4.李先生拿出了一张百元钞票(a 100-yuan note)。突然一阵风把钞票吹到了空中。

乞丐迅速跳起来去追那张钞票。

5.李先生站在那里，惊得合不拢嘴。

A beggar

One day, when Mr. Li hurried on his way to work, a beggar on the roadside was asking for money, but Mr. Li paid no attention on him. As a result, the beggar got angry and stuck out his walking stick, which almost tripped Mr. Li over. Realizing the beggar was a disabled person, Mr. Li began to search for some money in his pocket to give him. He took out a 100-yuan note, which was suddenly blown into the air by the wind. Seeing this, the beggar jumped quickly to run after the note, which made Mr. Li so surprised that he stood there with his mouth open.

状语从句的省略规则

一、时间状语从句中的省略 When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano. 她很小时，就开始学习弹钢琴。 While (I was) at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student. 我在上大学时就开始认识他，一个奇怪但有能力的学生。 When arriving, send me a telegram. (When you arrive, send me a telegram.) 到达之后，来个电报。 Before leaving, turn off all the lights. (Before you leave, turn off all the lights.) 走之前，请关闭所有的灯。 Don’t come in until (you are) asked to. 不叫你请你不要进来。 Whenever (it is )possible, you should come and help. 不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮忙。 You should let us know the result as soon as(it is) possible. 你应尽快让我们知道结果。 注：as在引导时间状语从句时，没有这种省略现象。我们不可说As walking, she found a nice shining thing on the ground. 二、地点状语从句中的省略 地点状语从句的省略常用下列结构：where(ver) possible, where(ver) necessary, Lay these books where possible you can find them easily. 把这些书放在你可能容易找到的地方。 Put in articles wherever necessary in the following passages. 在下列文章中需要的地方填入冠词。 三、条件状语从句中的省略 常用的句型是：if necessary, if possible, if true, if anyone等。如： Send the goods now if (they are) ready. 货物如果准备好了，请送过来。 He will come if (he is) asked. 如果叫他来，他就来。 If (it is) necessary, ring me at home. 如果有必要，朝我家里打电话。 Come along with me if (it is) possible. 如果有可能和我一起去吧。 If (it is) true, this will casue us a lot of trouble. 如果是真的，这会给我们带来很多麻烦。 There are few people nowadays, if (there are) any, who remember him. 很少有人能记起他。 You should stay where you are, unless (you are) asked to leave. 你应呆在你现在的地方不动，除非叫你动。 四、让步状语从句中的省略 He is a good man, though sometimes (he is) rather dull. 他真是个好人，尽管有时有点无聊。 Even if (I am ) invited to, I won’t go to such a bad lecture. 即使邀我去，我都不想听如此坏的报告。 五、比较状语从句中的省略 She can play the piano just as wonderfully as you (do). 她钢琴弹的我你弹的一样好。 She has finished the work earlier than (it has been ) expected.她完成得比预期要早。

状语从句的省略

状语从句的省略 状语从句的省略有以下几种情况： （1）在状语从句中如果主语与主句的主语一致，同时从句中又含有动词be则通常可省去从句中的主语和动词be，留下其余部分。 1.She stood at the gate as if （she was ）waiting for someone. 她站在门口好像在等人。 2．The woman teacher hurriedly left the classroom as though（she was ）angry. 这位女教师匆匆忙忙离开教室，好像生气了。 3. The man , while （he is ）over eighty, can walk faster than I .这人虽年过八十，却比我走得快。 4. Don’t speak until （you are ）spoken to. 有人对你说话时你才说。 5 .Be careful while （you are）crossing the road. 过马路时要当心。 6 .When (it is) heated, ice can turn into water. 冰经过加热能变成水。 （2）若状语从句中主语是it，动词是系动词be，则通常可省去主语it及系动词be，留下其余部分。 1. Though (it was) cold，he still wore a shirt．天气虽然冷，他还穿一件衬衫。 2. Come tomorrow if (it is) possible．可能的话就明天来吧。 3. If (it is) so，you must get back and get it．如果这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。 4.I’11 buy a TV set if (it is) necessary．如有必要，我就买一台电视机。 5. Everything went on better than (it had been) expected．一切进展得比预料的顺利。 6. No matter how difficult(it may be)，we are determined to carry the research to the end． 不管有多困难，我们决心把研究进行到底。 （3）状语从句中的部分内容若与主句的部分内容相同，可将从句中的此部分内容省去。 1. He has no money．If (he has) any，he will give us．他没有钱，如果有，他会给我们的。 2. Some flowers shut up at night as if (they did this in order) to sleep．有些花夜间收拢，好像为了睡眠一样。 1. Your teachers will take your recent illness into consideration when they mark your exams. 你的几位老师评定你的考试成绩时，会考虑到你最近生病的情况。 2. Taking everything into consideration ,the result was better than I expected. 从各方面考虑，结果比我预料的好。 状语从句省略具体分析。 一．时间状语从句的省略。这类从句主要由when，while，as soon as，once，until等引导。 例如： When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano. 她很小时，就开始学习弹钢琴。 When arriving, send me a telegram. (When you arrive, send me a telegram.) 到达之后，来个电报。 While (I was) at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student. 我在上大学时就开始认识他，一个奇怪但有能力的学生。 Before leaving, turn off all the lights. (Before you leave, turn off all the lights.) 走之前，请关闭所有的灯。 Whenever (it is ) possible, you should come and help. 不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮忙。 Don’t come in until (you are) asked to. 不叫你请你不要进来。 You should let us know the result as soon as (it is) possible. 你应尽快让我们知道结果。

定语从句与非谓语动词的转换

定语从句和非谓语动词是高中阶段重要的两大语法项目。定语从句的应用可以使语言表达更精确更生动，显得使用者具有较高的英语文化底蕴，但也是中学英语的难点语法项目，许多同学在学习和运用定语从句时，感到很难理解。若将其简化，理解起来就比较简单了。而非谓语动词的正确使用，就可以使定语从句的理解容易化，简单化，而且使语句简练、更有文采。掌握二者的转换，有助于我们更好的理解其用法，并能够自如地运用。下面我就着重谈谈如何将定语从句转换成非谓语动词以及转换时应注意的事项。 1定语从句转换成不定式“to do”。 定语从句的谓语动词是将来时或含有情态动词或含有序数词the next，the last等时，该定语从句转换为不定式“to do”. （1）The plane which will arrive is from Hubei. →The plane to arrive is from Hubei。 （2）The students will go to a party that will be held in our class at 7：45. →The students will go to a p arty to be held in our class at 7：45. （3）He was the first boy who came to school. →He was the first boy to come to school. .2定语从句可转换成为“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句和“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”充当的定语，可以相互转换。被这种定语修饰的名词往往在逻辑上充当不定式动作的地点、时间或工具。例： （1）She wanted a room in which she could do her homework. →She wanted a room in which to do her homework. （2）She had only a pen with which she can write. →She had only a pen to write with.或She had only a pen with which to write. 注：定语从句转换成“介词+ 关系代词+不定式”时，此时的不定式一定是及物动词，如是不及物动词，则需在动词后面加上相应的介词。这个介词可提前到关系代词前面，也可留在句尾。前者是正式说法后者是非正式说法。而且上例中动词不定式与句子主语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，否则就不能简单地把作定语的不定式都变成此结构。 “He is looking for a place for his friend to live in”这句话。我们就不能将句中的a place for his friend to live in改为a place to live in或a place in which to live。 3.1定语从句可以转换为现在分词（短语） 如果定语从句的谓语是主动语态，且发生的时间与主句的谓语所表示的动作所发生的时间同时，此时可以将定语从句转换成现在分词短语）。 （1）Have you ever talked to the girl who is dancing to music over there？→Have you ever talked to the girl dancing to music over there？ （2）The question that is being discussed is about how to improve living conditions. →The question being discussed is about how to improve living conditions. .2定语从句可以转化为过去分词（短语） 如定语从句的谓语是被动语态，或是“系动词+过去分词（表语）”结构，且从句的谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是在主句的谓语之前发生或无明确的时间。此时，我们可以将定语从句转换成过去分词（短语）。有时定语从句谓语虽然是主动语态.但它表示的动作在主句谓语之前就已经完成，这时我们可以将定语从句转换成过去分词（短语）。 （1）The report that was made yesterday will be discussed today. →The report made yesterday will be discussed today. （2）The dictionary which my mother bought for me is very useful.

英语中if引导的条件状语从句用动词原形还是非谓语动词

英语中if引导的条件状语从句用动词原形 还是非谓语动词 请看下面的句子，空格处应填动词原形还是非谓语动词： If they don't understand it the first time, _________ over it again until they do. A. going B. to go C. gone D. go 【分析】此题正确答案选D，其余几项均有可能被误选。空格前if 引导的是一个条件状语从句，而在空格处无论是填A、B或C，它都是一个非谓语动词短语，而不是一个句子，这样一来，整个句子没有主句，从而导致结构不完整。若选D，则go over it again until they do 则是一个句子(祈使句)，在此用作主语。又如： (1) If he likes to eat it, _________ him some more. A. give B. giving C. given D. to give (2) If anyone calls, _________ them I'm not at home.

A. tell B. telling C. told D. to tell (3) When your mother comes back, _________ her to come to school at once. A. ask B. asking C. asked D. to ask (4) While the baby is sleeping, _________ your work as soon as possible. A. finish B. finishing C. finished D. to finish 答案均选A，空格前分别为if, when, while 引导的状语从句，空格处填动词原形，构成祈使句，用作句子主语。

定语从句与非谓语动词

二．定语从句： 定语从句三步：第一找出先行词（被修饰的那个名词或代词）；第二看从句缺少什么成份（如主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的引导词。 注意：引导词在介词后，指人只能用whom 指物只能用which 高考对定语从句的考查常涉及以下几个方面： 【考点6】正确区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的结构；理解关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的作用；特别注意指代整个主句内容的关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句，从意义上来说，是对主语的补充说明，从结构上来看，先行词和定语从句之间用逗号隔开，He makes great progress in his English learning, which makes his mother very happy. ⑧I shall never forget the day _____ Shenzhou V was launched, _____ has a great effect on my life. A. when; which B. that; which C. which; that D. when; that (2004北京东城) 【考点7】关系代词that，who，which以及as的用法区别。 指人时常只用who不用that的情况； 指物时只用which不用that的情况； 只用that不用which的情况； 关系代词as与which的用法区别； the same … that … 与the same … as …的区别: 1 其中that, who(whom)，都可以指人，那么他们在指人时有什么区别呢。[本条记忆技巧：用who 不用that 的情况 “there be” “one，ones，anyone，nobody, those ” 被分割。那里有(there)很多万(one)被那些人(those)分割。] <1>先行词为those, one, anyone, nobody 等词时，用who不用that,例如：The one who knows me well is Tom. <2>在分隔型定语从句中，若先行词是人，用who不用that, 例： A new teacher will come who will teach you German. 在本句中，先行词“teacher”和修饰限定它的从句“who will teach you German ”分离，所以我们用who 不用that。 <3>先行词为“there be”结构的主语时，例如 There is a man who wants to see you. 在本句子当中a man是There is a man 这句当中的主语，所以用who不用that 2其中，that 和which 都可以指物，它们在指物时的区别： 用that不用which <1>先行词前有形容词最高级,序数词,all, every, little, no, any, much, the only, the very, the last 等修饰时，例如： I have read all the books that you gave me. <2>先行词为all, few, nothing, everything, little, much等不定代词时： He did all that he could do to help us. <3>主语以who或which开头时 Who is the man that just called you just now? <4>关系代词在从句中做表语时 China is not the country that is was. <5>既指人又指物时 He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 2, 先行词表示物时, 用which不用that 的情况 <1> 引导非限制性定语从句时,例如: She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart to her mouth. <2>当关系代词做介词宾语时,例如:

非谓语动词和从句的转换

非谓语动词和从句的转换---- 一.不定式（短语）与从句的关系 1.不定式（短语）在句中作主语，其功能相当于一个主语从句，因此二者之间可以转换。 (1).To be able to help you is really an honor.(=That I’m able to help you) (2).He seemed to know the way.(=It seemed that he knew the way.) (3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea. (= It is said that Bush has decided to attack North Korea.) 2.不定式（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补，相当于一个宾语从句 (1).We still don’t know when and where to build a school.(宾语) (=when and where we should build a school) (2).I advised him to go and see the doctor.(宾补)(=that he should go and see) (3).He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. .(宾语)(=That he hadn’t invited her.) 3不定式（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句 (1).My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible.(=that they should leave) (2).My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding. (=that they can get a good understanding) 4.不定式（短语）在句中作定语.，相当于一个定语从句 (1).The question will be discussed at the conference shortly to open in Beijing. (=that is shortly to open in Beijing) (2).All dead, I was the only one to grow up. (=that grew up) 5.不定式（短语）在句中作目的．结果状语.，相当于一个目的．结果状语从句 (１).He came to the area in order/so as to study the folk music there.(=in order/so that) (2).The lady was so excited as not to say a word.(=so excited that she couldn’t…)

状语从句和非谓语动词

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