非谓语动词写作中地运用

非谓语动词

一、非谓语动词作状语

1．动词不定式作状语

①I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.(2013·山东高考)

由于感到累了，我就停下车稍微休息了一下。

②George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.(2012·山东高考)

乔治战后归来，却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。

③You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.

你永远不会知道昨天看到她时，我是多么高兴。

④This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.(2012·辽宁高考)

这台机器很容易操作。在几分钟内任何人都能学会使用。

[规律总结]

(1)动词不定式可以用作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。

(2)only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。

(3)形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy, lucky, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, surprised, ready, delighted, clever, foolish, pleased, fortunate, right等。

(4)在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous等。

2．分词作状语

①One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.(2014·济南模拟)

一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他家。

②Having arrived early for his date, Mark spent time reading the newspaper.(2014·济宁一模)

因为约会到的早了些，马克读报纸来打发时间。

③Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.(2012·重庆高考)

我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。

④Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful.

从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。

⑤Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park even more beautiful.

从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。

[规律总结]

(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。

(2)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。

(3)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having doing)。

(4)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成时的被动形式(having been done)。

(5)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。

3．独立成分作状语

Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong.

从口音判断，他是香港人。

Considering your health, you'd better have a rest.

考虑到你的健康，你最好休息一下。

[规律总结]

有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：

generally speaking 一般来说

frankly speaking 坦白地说

judging from/by ... 根据……来判断

considering .../taking ... into consideration

考虑到……

to tell you the truth 说实话

seeing ... 鉴于/由于……

supposing 假设，如果

assuming 假使

given 考虑到，鉴于

provided (that ...) 如果

二、非谓语动词作宾语

①She pretended not to see me when I passed by.

当我经过时，她假装没看见我。

②He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.

他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。

③I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.(2010·上海高考)

在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。

④I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.

我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的一切。

⑤I remembered to lock the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.(2012·安徽高考)

在离开办公室前我记着去锁门，但是忘记了关灯。

[规律总结]

1．下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：

决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。

主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。

decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help。

此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。

2．下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：

考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。

避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。

禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。

consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy (想象，设想); avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can't help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape。

3．be used/accustomed to, lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can't stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, thank ... for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in)等短语和动词词组后也要用动名词作宾语。

4．下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：

forget ?????

to do sth.忘记要做某事doing sth.忘记已经做过某事 regret ????? to do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾未做doing sth.对做过的事表示后悔已做

try ?????

to do sth.尽力去做某事doing sth.试着做某事 go on ?????

to do sth.继续做另一件事doing sth.继续做原来做的事 remember ????? to do sth.记着去做某事未做doing sth.记着做了某事已做

mean ?

????

to do sth.打算做某事doing sth. 意味着做某事 三、非谓语动词作宾补

①I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its

breakfast.(2012·四川高考)

我抬头看，注意到一条蛇正沿树蜿蜒而上，捕捉它的早餐。

②I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.

发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。

③Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.(2013·陕西

高考)

让那些需要(帮助)的人明白我们会尽全力去帮他们。

④Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.(2011·陕西高考)

克莱儿在飞机起飞一小时前对行李进行了安检。

⑤He had the light burning all night, which made his parents very angry.

他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。

⑥Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.(2010·辽宁

高考)

亚历山大试图使他的工作被医学界认可。 [规律总结]

1．感官动词(词组)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel 的宾语

补足语有四种形式，以see 为例：

see ＋宾语＋

??????? ?????doing 看见……正做．．……do 看见……做了．．……宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系 ?????being done 看见……正在被做．．．．

done 看见……被做．．宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系

2．使役动词make, let, have, get 后加复合宾语的情况：

(1)make ＋宾语＋????? do 让……做……宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系done 让……被做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系

(2)let ＋宾语＋????? do 让……做……宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系be done 让……被做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系

(3)have ＋ 宾语＋?????

?

????do sth.使……做某事doing sth.使……持续做某事宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系done 使……被做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系 [点津] ①have sth. to do 有事情要做 ②have sb. doing 若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。 (4)get ＋ 宾语＋?????

?

????to do 使……做……doing 使……开始做……宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系done 使……被做宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系 四、非谓语动词作定语

①Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile

of mail waiting for her .(2013·辽宁高考)

劳拉去巴黎待了一周多的时间。当她返回家的时候，有一大堆邮件等着她(处理)。

②Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of

outstanding figures.(2011·福建高考)

建于1911年的清华大学是无数杰出人物的摇篮。

③His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.

他下月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。

[规律总结]

1．现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。

2．过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动和完成。

[点津] 表示心理状态的动词-ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词-ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look, expression, tears, smile, voice等名词。

3．不定式作定语表示未做的事情。

五、非谓语动词作主语和表语

①Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.(2013·浙江高考)

聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。

②It is no use crying over spilt milk.

覆水难收。(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)

③To see is to believe/Seeing is believing.

眼见为实。

④His ambition is to go to Harvard University.

他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。

⑤The queen's work is laying eggs.

蚁后的工作就是产卵。

[规律总结]

1．不定式、动名词都可作主语，但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。

2．下列句型中常用动名词作主语：

It is/was ＋??????

????no use/good

not any use/good of little use/good worth ＋doing sth. 3．不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。

4．动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征。

六、with 复合结构

①John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly

accepted it.

约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。

②With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is

having a hard time.

因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。

③With the little boy leading the way, we had no difficulty finding the village.

有小男孩带路，我们找到这个村庄没费劲。 [规律总结] with 复合结构常用形式： with ????? sb./sth. doing 表主动且进行，或表特征sth. done 表被动且完成，或表状态

sth. to do 表示将来

七、独立主格

①Such an able man to help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.

有这么能干的人来帮你，你迟早会成功的。

②The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.

向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。

③Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it.

吉姆专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力都集中在上面了。

④He came out of the library, (with )a large book under his arm.

他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。

[规律总结] 独立主格结构的构成形式：

名词或代词＋????? 不定式表示动作未发生v .-ing 形式表示主动、进行过去分词表示被动、完成形容词/副词/介词短语

[点津] 独立主格结构从语法上来讲不是句子，在句中通常作状语。具有以下特点：

1．独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，不指同一个人或同一事物；

2．独立主格结构一般置于句首，有时也置于句中或句末。

考点一 非谓语动词作状语

1．(2013·四川高考)________ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher

for advice.

A ．Not knowing

B ．Knowing not

C ．Not known

D ．Known not

解析：选A 句意：由于不知道上哪所大学，那个女孩向她的老师征求意见。分析句子

成分可知，the girl 与know 之间是逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词作原因状语，且分词的否定式是在分词前加not 。

2．(2013·湖南高考)________ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my

alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.

A ．Staying

B ．Stayed

C ．To stay

D ．Stay

解析：选C 句意：为了晚上保暖，我往火炉中添了木柴，又设置了午夜的闹钟以便再次添加。此处“保暖”是“添加木柴”的目的，所以用动词不定式作目的状语。

3．(2013·安徽高考)________ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.

A．To found B．Founding

C．Founded D．Having founded

解析：选C 句意：这所学校创建于20世纪初期，它一直激励着孩子们对于艺术的热爱。found与the school之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。故选C。

考点二非谓语动词作定语

4．(2013·北京高考)Volunteering gives you a chance ________ lives, including your own.

A．change B．changing

C．changed D．to change

解析：选D 句意：志愿者活动给了你一个改变人生的机会，包括你自己的。a chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”。英语中有些名词，如chance, ability, way等，常用不定式作定语。

5．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)They might just have a place ________ on the writing course —why don't you give it a try?

A．leave B．left

C．leaving D．to leave

解析：选B 句意：他们可能只剩下一个写作课的名额了。你为什么不试试呢？leave 与其逻辑主语a place之间为动宾关系，因此此处要用leave的过去分词left作后置定语。

6．(2013·山东高考)The room is empty except for a bookshelf ________ in one corner.

A．standing B．to stand

C．stands D．stood

解析：选A 句意：除了一个书橱在墙角外，房间里空空荡荡。except for是介词短语，其后不能接句子，所以排除C、D两项。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语，且a bookshelf 与动词stand之间为逻辑上的主动关系，所以选A。

考点三非谓语动词作宾语

7．(2013·江苏高考)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ________ to ruins, the city took on a new look.

A．reducing B．reduced

C．being reduced D．having reduced

解析：选C 分析句子结构可知，空格处与suffering from是and连接的两个并列成分，在形式上应保持一致，又因reduce与the city之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此选being reduced。

考点四非谓语动词作主语、表语

8．(2013·福建高考)________basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.

A．Known B．Having known

C．Knowing D．Being known

解析：选C 句意：了解基本的急救技巧能够帮助你快速应对紧急情况。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中充当主语，应用动词-ing形式。having known强调“完成”，不符合句意，可排除。故选C。

9．(2013·重庆高考)The engine just won't start.Something seems ________ wrong with it.

A．to go B．to have gone

C．going D．having gone

解析：选B 句意：发动机启动不了了，它好像出问题了。动词seem后常接动词不定

式，因此C、D两项不正确。由句意可知，go这一动作在start之前发生，故选B。

考点五非谓语动词作宾补

10．(2013·北京高考)When we saw the road ________ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.

A．block B．to block

C．blocking D．blocked

解析：选D 句意：当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。分析句子结构可知，此处是“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。宾语补足语是do形式时，表示“看见宾语做某事的全过程”；宾语补足语是doing形式时，表示“看见宾语正在做某事”；若宾语补足语与宾语是动宾关系时，则用过去分词done形式作宾语补足语。road与block之间是被动关系，故选D。

[解题技法指导]

第一步：利用“有无连词”原则确定是谓语还是非谓语

分析句子结构，判断出句子的主干——主语和谓语。如果题线处作谓语，则要用谓语动词，如果题线处不作谓语，则要用非谓语动词。

[典例] (2013·湖南高考)Every day ________ a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.

A．read B．reading

C．to read D．reads

[分析] 选A 分析句子结构可知，题干中有连词until，until引导时间状语从句，故“________ a proverb aloud several times”为主句，此处应为祈使句，故应用动词原形。本题应选A项。

第二步：根据句意和作用确定句子成分

根据句意和题线处在句子中的位置和作用，确定其所充当的句子成分，从而确定空格内所需填入的非谓语动词的形式。

[典例] (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The sunlight is white and blinding, ________ hard-edged shadows on the ground.

A．throwing B．being thrown

C．to throw D．to be thrown

[分析] 根据句意和句子结构可知，题线处应作伴随状语，且the sunlight与throw 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。答案应为A项。

第三步：根据与逻辑主语的关系确定语态

如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系则用v.-ing形式或不定式的主动式；若为动宾关系则用v.-ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式或过去分词。

[典例] (2013·湖南高考)You cannot accept an opinion ______ to you unless it is based on facts.

A．offering B．to offer

C．having offered D．offered

[分析] offer与逻辑主语an opinion之间为被动关系，A、B、C三项都表示主动，D 项为过去分词表示被动，故选D项。

第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态

非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或v.-ing形式/不定式的完成式；如果同时进行用v.-ing形式或不定式的进行式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后用不定式的一般式。

[典例] (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)I got to the office earlier that day, ________ the 7：30 train from Paddington.

A．caught B．to have caught

C．to catch D．having caught

[分析] 由句意可知catch the 7：30 train这一动作发生在谓语动词got to the office 之前，故用现在分词的完成时。

非谓语动词在写作中的运用

众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。恰当地运用非谓语动词对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅句型多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意明。

一、运用非谓语动词转换简单句

写作时，我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换，使其成为较高级的表达方式。转换时可采用三步法。

错误!

[示例]第一步：写出两个简单句。

①I feel quite sorry for that.

②I begin to think about what to do to help.

第二步：让句②作主句，用非谓语动词改写句①。

第三步：句①表示原因，其动词feel与主语I之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作原因状语。

Feeling quite sorry for that, I begin to think about what to do to help.(2013·陕西高考满分作文)

其他几个转换的例子如下：

1．另一方面，我将帮着建立英语角，提供给我们学生一个练习英语口语的平台。

On the other hand, I will help set up the English corner. I will provide us students a platform to practice our oral English.

→On the other hand, I will help set up the English corner, providing us students a platform to practice our oral English.(2013·天津高考满分作文)(现在分词作状语)

2．这儿的人都喜欢汤姆写的那本小说。

All the people here like the novel. It is written by Tom.

→All the people here like the novel written by T om.(过去分词作定语)

3．我们应该多讲英语。我们认为这是很重要的。

We should speak more English. We think it is very important.

→We think it very important to speak more English.(it作形式宾语，不定式作真正宾语)

[即时演练] 运用非谓语动词转换简单句

1．We were touched by the teacher's words. We decided to work hard.(用过去分词作状语)

___________________________________________________________________________

2．I didn't receive her letter. I had to write again.(用现在分词作状语)

___________________________________________________________________________

3．The boy came to school late again. This made the teacher very angry.(用动名词作主语)

___________________________________________________________________________

4．The boys were making the most of time. They wanted to finish the work earlier.(用不定式作目的状语)

___________________________________________________________________________

5．I saw an old granny. She lay on the ground. I went over to help her.(用现在分词作状语)

___________________________________________________________________________

二、运用非谓语动词转换复合句

用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单句要容易一些，因为需转换的一般是从句部分，这时只需要判断用何种非谓语动词，再把握好时态和语态即可，所以只需两步。

[示例]

第一步：写出复合句。

After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.

第二步：把after引导的时间状语从句转换为非谓语动词，practice与we之间为主谓关系，且表示完成，故用现在分词的完成时作状语。

→Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.(2013·湖南高考满分作文)

其他几个转换的例子如下：

1．惊诧于他们的熟练程度，我决心要像他们一样好。

Because I was amazed at how skillful they were, I determined to be just as good.

→Amazed at how skillful they were, I determined to be just as good.(2013·浙江高考满分作文)(过去分词作状语)

2．看到一辆车朝她而来，我伸出手把她拉了回来。

When I saw a car running towards her, I reached my hand out and pulled her back.

→Seeing a car running towards her, I reached my hand out and pulled her back.(2013·安徽高考满分作文)(现在分词作状语)

3．这里曾有一家化肥厂，位于城市的南边。它每天释放出大量有毒气体，污染环境。

There was a large factory, which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, which polluted the environment.

→There was a large factory, which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, polluting the environment.

简析：“原句”中分别由which引导两个定语从句，重复且单调，将第二个定语从句转换为现在分词短语作状语后，不仅表达多样，而且言简意明。

4．由于老师的帮助，我的英语进步很大。因为我的英语进步很大，我确信我能考上更好的大学。

Because my teacher helps me, my English has greatly improved. Because my English has greatly improved, I'm sure I will go to a better university.

→With my teacher helping me, my English has greatly improved. Because my English has greatly improved, I'm sure I will go to a better university.

简析：“原句”两处重复出现由because引导的从句，读起来很别扭。换用“with＋现在分词的复合结构”后，读起来给人的感觉大不一样。

[即时演练] 运用非谓语动词转换复合句

1．As soon as they saw a few people still in the burning house, they rushed into it to save them without hesitation.

→_________________________________________________________________________

they rushed into it to save them without hesitation.

2．We think it is necessary that middle school students should learn a foreign language and we also think that it is possible that they can master one.

→We think it is necessary that middle school students should learn a foreign language and we also think

3．I took part in the meeting, which was held in Beijing last Friday. It was very instructive, which was hosted by a manager who came to our company yesterday.

→I took part in the meeting __________________last Friday. It was very instructive, which was hosted by a manager_______________________________yesterday.

4．Mother went to work in a hurry, and she didn't have breakfast. She was as busy as a bee these days and came back home very late.

→Mother went to work in a hurry_______________________________. She was as busy as a bee these days, _____________________________________________________.

三、运用非谓语动词转换短文(根据一般表达写出该短文的高级表达)

北京市有大量的出租车司机，他们每天全心全意地为乘客服务，对北京市的交通发挥着

重要作用。他们起早贪黑，赚钱养家糊口。有一次，我下车时不小心把手机忘在了车上，但当我和司机同志联系上之后，他立即开车把手机送到了我的家门口，让我感动不已。

一般表达：

There are a large number of taxi drivers in Beijing. They serve passengers heart and soul. They play an important part in the traffic of Beijing.They make some money. They work from dawn till night. One day, I left my cellphone in the taxi I took. I got in touch with the driver. He drove to my home and gave it back to me. I was very excited.

高级表达：

There are a large number of taxi drivers in Beijing, serving passengers heart and soul and playing an important part in the traffic of Beijing. In order to make some money to support their families, they work from dawn till night. One day, I got out of the taxi in a hurry with my cellphone left in the taxi I took. On hearing what had happened, the taxi driver drove to my home as fast as possible and gave the cellphone back to me. Seeing my cellphone again, I was too excited to say a word.

[即时演练] 运用非谓语动词转换短文

大城市里高楼大厦林立，房价越来越高。一方面，很多人无房居住，另一方面，大量房子却卖不出去。不少人即使买了一套住房，恐怕也要一辈子辛辛苦苦工作来还银行贷款。我们希望政府采取措施，关心这些收入不高的人群。

一般表达：There are more and more tall buildings in big cities. Their prices are going up day by day. On one hand, there are still lots of people. They have no houses to live in. On the other hand, many apartments are hard to be sold out. Even if you buy an apartment, I'm afraid you have to pay off the money you borrow from the bank. You will work hard day and night all your life. I do hope our government can take strong measures to solve the housing problem and take care of the people.

Their incomes are low.

高级表达：

参考答案；

There are more and more tall buildings in big cities, with their prices going up day by day. On one hand, there are still lots of people having no houses to live in. On the other hand, many apartments are hard to be sold out. Even if you have bought an apartment, I'm afraid you have to try to pay off the money borrowed from the bank, working hard day and night all your life. I do hope our government can take strong measures to solve the housing problem, showing great concern for the people whose incomes are not high enough.

非谓语动词在写作中的运用教案

Non- finite Verbs in writing StepⅠPre-writing : 学生原作赏析： Our Spring Outing National College Entrance Examination is coming. To relax ourselves, our class had a meeting to discuss where to go for our spring outing. Having a barbecue is our choice. The next day, we set off early in the morning. We climbed the mountain, talking and laughing. When we arrived, we began to barbecue. Having had a big dinner,we enjoyed the warm sunshine and the beautiful view. We were tired but happy. 找出非谓语动词，并判断成分 ? 1. Making o ur city greener is everyone’s duty. ? 2. The government is determined to continue the green program. ? 3. I found my hometown changed so much. ? 4. Having fresh air, trees can reduce air pollution. ? 5. Every effort to the program makes a difference. Proof-reading: 1．Looking from the top of mountain, the city is beautiful . 2. In my opinion, climb mountain is an enjoyable thing. 3. —Which team is good at cooking? —A team called itself the supper cook. Summary:________________________________________ StepⅢ: While-writing Activity1： ①It is high time we took part in some activities. ②We wanted to make ourselves more healthy. → ____________________________________________________ ①Wangqi climbed so hard that she lost her temper. ②She complained about the long walk. → ____________________________________________________ ①The monitor has set a good example for us . ②The monitor deserves the honor and we should learn from her .

2018高考英语知识点：非谓语动词在写作中的运用

2018高考英语知识点：非谓语动词在写 作中的运用 1.依据上下文确定答案的法则：从近几年的完形填空题看，近义词或近义短语的测试力度逐渐加强，并成为测试热点。四个选项不是词义相近，要不就是近义动词的同一种时态的现象，或名词的单复数搭配。若选项词义差异很大，必然中藏有提示语，正因如此，往往第一个选项有时需要读完全篇短文才能准确回答。 2.词语语义与强于语法原则：完型填空题的首句不留空，目的就是告知短文的故事的四要素：地点、时间、人物和事由。再则，单纯语法题已基本退出该题型的测试范畴，所以，指导学生时，首先要告知他们这类现象。尽管四个选项的词语都符合语法规则，然而该题的解答必须遵循先全面理解篇章语义，再结合正确语言结构对每个空格作出准确无误的抉择。 3.解题四步法原则： 第一步：跳读。带着空格通读全文，了解短文大意，判别短文文体，同时能将会做的题及时解决掉。 第二步：选答。这一步最为关键，要求考生对每一道题进行认真推敲，但是要告诫他们万万不可按照题的顺序答题，对那些不能拿不准的题先跳过去，遵循先易后难的解题原则。 第三步：推敲。这实际上就是要求考生对完形填空短文

的篇章作通盘考虑，把其中一些需要依据上下文语境来考虑的比较难解答的题，以及句子之间和段落之间的逻辑关联较强的认真推敲，甄别，筛选和抉择。 第四步：复查。这是解答这类题的最后一步，要求考生解完题之后务必再把通读一遍，从整体上准确把握的真正意思，及时修改与全文有出入的一些选项。 应试技巧一：语境信息解题法：近几年的完形填空题淡化了语法结构性的题，选项重在语意干扰，也就是说，对具体的语言知识应该融入具体的语境中去考虑，考生应具有通过上下文提示、暗示或铺垫，对篇章进行整体上的把握的能力。所以，快速浏览全文，迅速领悟篇章主旨，通过上下文语境选择答案选项乃解决完形填空的关键。 4)our__47__challengewastokeeptherockmixture__48__en ough. 47.A.nextB.firstc.pastD.previous 48.A.coldB.wetc.looseD.clean 【题解：47.答案为A项。短文前面提到第一个挑战是发电的问题，那么接下来的挑战就是如何保持温度的问题。 48.答案为B项。从下文提到的洒水车等事情，我们可以判断出这儿应该是“保持湿度”的语意。】 5)…

非谓语动词写作中地运用

非谓语动词 一、非谓语动词作状语 1．动词不定式作状语 ①I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.(2013·山东高考) 由于感到累了，我就停下车稍微休息了一下。 ②George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.(2012·山东高考) 乔治战后归来，却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。 ③You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. 你永远不会知道昨天看到她时，我是多么高兴。 ④This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.(2012·辽宁高考) 这台机器很容易操作。在几分钟内任何人都能学会使用。 [规律总结] (1)动词不定式可以用作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。 (2)only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。 (3)形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy, lucky, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, surprised, ready, delighted, clever, foolish, pleased, fortunate, right等。 (4)在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous等。

非谓语动词写作中的运用

非谓语动词 、非谓语动词作状语 1. 动词不定式作状语 ① I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.（2013 山东高考?） 由于感到累了，我就停下车稍微休息了一下。 ② George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.（2012 山东高考） 乔治战后归来，却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。 ③ You will n ever know how happy I was to see her yesterday. 你永远不会知道昨天看到她时，我是多么高兴。 ④ This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.（2012 辽宁高考） 这台机器很容易操作。在几分钟内任何人都能学会使用。 ［规律总结］ ⑴动词不定式可以用作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。 （2） only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。 （3） 形容词或过去分 词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有： happy, lucky, glad, sorry, an xious, proud, disappo in ted, an gry, surprised, ready, delighted, clever, foolish, pleased, fortunate, right 等。 （4） 在“主语+系动词+表语（形容词）+ to do ”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意 义。该结构中常用的形容词有： easy, hard, difficult, importa nt, impossible, in teresti ng, pleasa nt, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous 等。 2. 分词作状语 ① One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.（2014 济 南模拟） 一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他家。 ② Havi ng arrived early for his date, Mark spe nt time readi ng the n ewspaper.（2014 济宁一 模） 因为约会到的早了些，马克读报纸来打发时间。 ③ Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.（2012 重庆 咼考） 我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。 ④ Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful. YUFAYAODIANJINGXI

2018高考英语知识点：非谓语动词在写作中的运用(含解析)

2018高考英语知识点：非谓语动词在写作中的运用 1. 依据上下文确定答案的法则：从近几年的完形填空题看，近义词或近义短语的测试力度逐渐加强，并成为测试热点。四个选项不是词义相近，要不就是近义动词的同一种时态的现象，或名词的单复数搭配。若选项词义差异很大，必然文章中藏有提示语，正因如此，往往第一个选项有时需要读完全篇短文才能准确回答。 2. 词语语义与强于语法原则：完型填空题的首句不留空，目的就是告知短文的故事的四要素：地点、时间、人物和事由。再则，单纯语法题已基本退出该题型的测试范畴，所以，指导学生时，首先要告知他们这类现象。尽管四个选项的词语都符合语法规则，然而该题的解答必须遵循先全面理解篇章语义，再结合正确语言结构对每个空格作出准确无误的抉择。 3. 解题四步法原则： 第一步：跳读。带着空格通读全文，了解短文大意，判别短文文体，同时能将会做的题及时解决掉。 第二步：选答。这一步最为关键，要求考生对每一道题进行认真推敲，但是要告诫他们万万不可按照题的顺序答题，对那些不能拿不准的题先跳过去，遵循先易后难的解题原则。 第三步：推敲。这实际上就是要求考生对完形填空短文的篇章作通盘考虑，把其中一些需要依据上下文语境来考虑的比较难解答的题，以及句子之间和段落之间的逻辑关联较强的认真推敲，甄别，筛选和抉择。 第四步：复查。这是解答这类题的最后一步，要求考生解完题之后务必再把文章通读一遍，从整体上准确把握文章的真正意思，及时修改与全文有出入的一些选项。 应试技巧一：语境信息解题法：近几年的完形填空题淡化了语法结构性的题，选项重在语意干扰，也就是说，对具体的语言知识应该融入具体的语境中去考虑，考生应具有通过上下文提示、暗示或铺垫，对篇章进行整体上的把握的能力。所以，快速浏览全文，迅速领悟篇章主旨，通过上下文语境选择答案选项乃解决完形填空的关键。 4) Our __47__ challenge was to keep the rock mixture __48__ enough. 47. A. next B. first C. past D. previous 48. A. cold B. wet C. loose D. clean 【题解：47. 答案为A项。短文前面提到第一个挑战是发电的问题，那么接下来的挑战就是如何保持温度的问题。48. 答案为B项。从下文提到的洒水车等事情，我们可以判断出这儿应该是“保持湿度”的语意。】 5) … Still others faced the storm bravely, walking miles to get to work. I __40__ to be one of people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most __41__ had stopped. After making my way through crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was __43__.... 40. A. used B. promised C. deserved D. happened 41. A. practice B. routine C. process D. service … 43. A. operating B. cycling C. turning D. rushing 【40. D项。从前面一句话和本句中one of people可知，作者当天上午碰巧也是去上班的人之一； 41. D项。从上下文可知，由于风暴大部分地铁线路停运，所以唯有service符合题意；43. A项。从上下文的语境中我们可知道作者最后找到有一条地铁线还在营业，operating本身含有“营业的”意思，相当于be on service。】 6) After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced __36__ for a few days, I was __37__ to wait tables on my own. All went __38__ that first week

XX高考英语知识点：非谓语动词在写作中的运用【DOC范文整理】

XX高考英语知识点：非谓语动词在写作中的 运用 依据上下文确定答案的法则：从近几年的完形填空题看，近义词或近义短语的测试力度逐渐加强，并成为测试热点。四个选项不是词义相近，要不就是近义动词的同一种时态的现象，或名词的单复数搭配。若选项词义差异很大，必然中藏有提示语，正因如此，往往个选项有时需要读完全篇短文才能准确回答。 词语语义与强于语法原则：完型填空题的首句不留空，目的就是告知短文的故事的四要素：地点、时间、人物和事由。再则，单纯语法题已基本退出该题型的测试范畴，所以，指导学生时，首先要告知他们这类现象。尽管四个选项的词语都符合语法规则，然而该题的解答必须遵循先全面理解篇章语义，再结合正确语言结构对每个空格作出准确无误的抉择。 解题四步法原则： 步：跳读。带着空格通读全文，了解短文大意，判别短文文体，同时能将会做的题及时解决掉。 第二步：选答。这一步最为关键，要求考生对每一道题进行认真推敲，但是要告诫他们万万不可按照题的顺序答题，对那些不能拿不准的题先跳过去，遵循先易后难的解题

原则。 第三步：推敲。这实际上就是要求考生对完形填空短文的篇章作通盘考虑，把其中一些需要依据上下文语境来考虑的比较难解答的题，以及句子之间和段落之间的逻辑关联较强的认真推敲，甄别，筛选和抉择。 第四步：复查。这是解答这类题的最后一步，要求考生解完题之后务必再把通读一遍，从整体上准确把握的真正意思，及时修改与全文有出入的一些选项。 应试技巧一：语境信息解题法：近几年的完形填空题淡化了语法结构性的题，选项重在语意干扰，也就是说，对具体的语言知识应该融入具体的语境中去考虑，考生应具有通过上下文提示、暗示或铺垫，对篇章进行整体上的把握的能力。所以，快速浏览全文，迅速领悟篇章主旨，通过上下文语境选择答案选项乃解决完形填空的关键。 )our__47__challengeastoeeptherocixture__48__eno ugh. A.next B.firstc.pastD.previous A.cold B.etc.looseD.clean 【题解：47.答案为A项。短文前面提到个挑战是发电的问题，那么接下来的挑战就是如何保持温度的问题。48.答案为B项。从下文提到的洒水车等事情，我们可以判断出这儿应该是“保持湿度”的语意。】

非谓语动词在作文中的运用

作文：言简意明非谓语动词 班级__________________ 姓名______________________ 写作时，我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换，使其成为较高级的表达方式。转换时可采用“三步法”： 第一步：写出两个简单句。 第二步：找准两个简单句的对接点，让一个句子作为主干，另一个句子用非谓语动词进行改写。 第三步：判断应用何种非谓语动词，把握好时态和语态，最后连接起来。 [示例] 第一步：写出两个简单句。 ①In the newspaper of our school ther e is a column called “Foreign Culture”． ②It aims to introduce American customs and the life of high school students. 第二步：让句①作主句，用非谓语动词改写句②。 第三步：让句②作定语，由于其动词aim与主语it之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作定语。 1. In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Culture”， ______________ to introduce American customs and the life of high school students. 非谓语动词指动名词、不定式和分词，可以充当除了谓语之外的任何成分。 1）主语 动名词和不定式均可以充当句子的主语，可以避免人称如“people，we”频繁做主语的情况。 2. 住校可以减少家校之间大量的时间。 ______________in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday 3.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。 ______________make a full man; conference a ready man; and ______________ an exact man. 在作文中经常会有对于“原因、影响、建议”的讨论，或是人们对某一问题持不同看法。我们也可以将不定式与疑问词连用，构成“wh-+ to do”的结构。 4.我们应该如何提高我们的英语口语水平？这是个问题。 ________________________________our spoken English is a question. 2）宾语 非谓语动词充当宾语时的用法与主语基本相同，值得注意的是，不定式常常以“V+(to) do”的形式出现。考生应在备考前总结日常作文中高频使用的动词，如fail to do, prefer to do等。同样的，对于一些后面加动名词的动词，考生也应加以熟悉，如object to, deny等。 5. 比起室内活动，年轻人通常更喜欢室外活动 Young adults usually________________ take outdoor exercises rather than indoor ones. 6.大多数人反对在公共场合抽烟。 The majority of people smoking in public. 7.解决这个问题对我来说有点难,但我利用不同的方法不断尝试。最后,我花了五天的时间把它解决了。 I had trouble ______________ the problem, but I kept ______________by using

非谓语动词与写作

(2008年) 3. 受到金钱的刺激而考高分，学生永远不可能了解学习的意义所在。(stimulate) Only stimulated by money to do better in exams, students will never learn the importance of study. (2010年)

三. 练习用适当的非谓语动词形式翻译下列句子： 1. 与他的成就相比，我自觉惭愧。 2. 在完成了英语作文以后，他开始读当天的《中国日报》。 6. 那位刚退休的老人坐在窗前，眺望着夕阳西下。 8. 由于都知道他是这个镇上的名人，他一露面人们就围着他，让他签名。 9. 由于被评为最好的论文，它被刊登在一本国外的杂志上。

10. 他站在警察的面前，两腿一直在发抖。 三答案. 练习用适当的非谓语动词句型操练 1. Compared with his achievement, I feel ashamed of myself. 2. Having finished his English composition, he started to read China Daily of that day. 3. That old man who had just retired from his position was seated by the window, looking at the sun setting in the west little by little. 4. Known as a famous person in

the town, hardly had he turned up when people came over and surrounded him, asking him to sign his name on their books. 5. Rated as the best essay, it was printed in a famous foreign magazine. 6. He stood before the policeman, his legs shaking all the time.

非谓语动词在写作中的应用

“Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an ______ man.” --Francis Bacon 非谓语动词在写作中的运用（By Du Yan） Learning aims: Ss learn to write a better basic writing by learning to use nonfinite verbs Learning difficulties: How to use nonfinite verbs in a basic writing. Step I. Lead-in ◆Task1. Questions: 1. How to write well / a wonderful essay? 2. What sentence patterns do you know? ◆Task2.Enjoy a writing (2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖南卷)作文范文) Getting back what you have lost would be an unforgettable experience. Last Monday, I lost my expensive cell-phone, on which my name was inscribed. Fortunately, it was returned. That morning, I rushed out of my house and jumped into a taxi, for I would be late for the final examination. On arriving at school, I headed to my classroom quickly, not noticing that I had left my cell-phone on the back seat. When the exam ended, to my great surprise, I found the driver waiting at the school gate. He handed the phone over to me, wearing a smile on his face. So touched was I that tears rolled down my cheeks. From this story, I am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society. Step II. Review A. 找出非谓语动词，并判断成分 ? 1. Making our city greener is everyone’s duty. ? 2. The government is determined to continue the green program. ? 3. I find my hometown changed so much. ? 4. Having fresh air, trees can reduce air pollution. ? 5. Every effort to make the program makes a difference. B. 高考链接2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖南卷) 21. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs _____ to achieve the final success. A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do 23. Time, _____ correctly, is money in the bank. A. to use B. used C. using D. use 31. The lecture, ___ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A. starting B. being started C. to start D. to be started Step III. Presentation Task1.纠正下列句子错误并归纳出写作中非谓语动词常见的错误 1、状语动作行为者与主句不一致 ?Seeing from the top of mountain, the city is beautiful. → 2、用动词短语充当、表语和宾语 ?In my opinion, climb mountain is an enjoyable thing. →

非谓语动词在写作上的运用

动名词 ①admit ，appreciate ，give up ，imagine ，put off ，resist ，can’t stand(无法忍受)等后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。 ②forget ，mean ，regret ，remember ，等可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。 ⑤在短语devote to ，object to ，thank for ，be busy ，look forward to ，there is no use/good/need 等动词词组后也必须用动名词形式。 ⑥在love ，hate ，prefer ，like 等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一次具体行为。

⑦.allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 We don’t allow smoking here. We don’t allow students to smoke. ⑧. 动词need，require，want作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。 The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned. ⑨动名词的时态和语态 动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种。 We are interested in playing chess. I’m sorry for not having kept my promise. He likes being helped. I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to do it. ．分词的时态和语态 (1)分词分为现在分词和过去分词，其否定形式为not＋分词。现在分词有一般式和完成式。Being a student，he was interested in books. Having studied in it for three years，he knows the university very well. (2)现在分词有一般式和完成式，且有主动语态和被动语态。 The question being discussed is important. Having been criticized by the teacher，Li Ming gave up smoking. (3)过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer. 如果指的动作现在正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，可用现在分词的被动形式作定语。 We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. (4)作状语 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等。 The teacher stood there，surrounded by the students. 表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引出。 While unfinished，the painting looked ugly. 分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果分词与句子的主语是主动关系，用doing表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或进行的动作，用having done表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如果分词与句子的主语是被动关系，则用done强调在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作，也可用having been done。 (5).当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词前必须加上自己的主语，此结构被称为独立主格结构。 Time permitting，I’ll finish another lesson. 二、转换复合句为非谓语动词 1．这里曾有一家化肥厂，位于城市的南边。它每天释放出大量有毒气体，污染环境。There was a large factory, which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, which polluted the environment. →There used to be a large factor y _________________. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, ____________the environment. (现在分词作状语) 2．当我们赶到校门口时，已经8点了。我们见到老师时，不得不为迟到而向她道歉。When we got to the school gate it was eight. When we saw our teacher, we had to say sorry for we were so late. →When we got to the school gate it was eight. ____________, we had to say sorry for our being late. (现在分词作状语)

非谓语动词与写作 (2)

非谓语动词与写作 众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。恰当地运用非谓语动词(或者介词短语等)对简单句和复合句进行转换，不仅句型多样，句子活泼，而且读起来结构紧凑，言简意明。 体会，用非谓语结构改写和美化句子 1.因为在这国家又没有朋友，她觉得要想找到工作是不可能的。 用连词because Because she has no friend in the country, she found it impossible to find a job. 用非谓语结构 Having no friend in the country, she found it impossible to find a job. 2.这本用简易英语写成的书很容易读懂 用定语从句 The book, which was written in simple English, is easy to understand. 用非谓语结构 The book , written in simple English, is easy to understand 3. Moyan stood there and was surrounded by many reporters. Moyan stood there surrounded by many reporters. 一、运用非谓语动词转换简单句 1．这儿的人都喜欢汤姆写的那本小说。 All the people here like the novel. It is written by Tom. →All the people here like the novel written by Tom. (过去分词作定语) 2．这是一家工厂。月产成千上万辆小汽车。 This is a factory. It produces thousands of cars a month. →This is a factory, producing thousands of cars a month. (现在分词作状语) 3．消防队员及时赶到。他们对我们帮助很大。 The firefighters came here in time. They helped us a lot. →The firefighters' coming here in time helped us a lot. (动名词作主语) 4．我们应该多讲英语。我们认为这是很重要的。 We should speak more English. We think it is very important. →We think it very important to speak more English. (不定式作真正宾语) 5．我们应该如何提高我们的英语口语水平？这是个问题。 How should we improve our spoken English? It is a question. →How to improve our spoken English is a question. (不定式短语作主语) →The question is how to improve our spoken English. (不定式短语作表语) 二、运用非谓语动词转换复合句 1．这里曾有一家化肥厂，位于城市的南边。它每天释放出大量有毒气体，污染环境。 There was a large factory, which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, which polluted the environment. →There was a large factory, which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, polluting the environment.(现在分词作状语) 简析：“原句”中分别由which引导两个定语从句，重复且单调，将第二个定语从句转换为现在分词短语作状语后，不仅表达多样，而且言简意明。

非谓语动词与长难句阅读和写作(文本版)

非谓语动词：阅读和写作 前言：名词性从句、定语从句和非谓语动词是高考中所有题型都涉及的三大核心语法。复习资料里涉及语法时往往只把它们和语法填空和短文改错联系起来，甚少探讨它们在阅读和写作中的应用。所以在讲完这三大语法时安排两个课时介绍它们在阅读和写作中的应用。 目的有二：一是提高同学们读懂所谓“长难句”的能力，学会提取句子中的信息，做阅读时有根据地答题。二是选择部分相对容易的所谓“高级结构”反复造句训练，并刻意在写作时应用，提高作文的得分能力。 非谓语动词与阅读 一、长难句的几个特点： 1、句子信息量大，结构复杂，附加成分多（名词性从句、定语从句、非谓语动词）； 2.、分隔现象普遍（主谓分隔、同位语分隔、定语分隔等）； 3.、插入语、省略、倒装现象。 核心：找主句，把握核心； 找附加成分，分析信息。 二、回顾及示例： 分析句子：划出主句；圈出从句的引导词；圈出非谓语动词；分析从句和非谓语动词在句子中成分，说出它们的语法名称。 But soon they turned it down after 700 local objections reached them，because it would have meant hundreds of lorries a day making loud noise through heavily populated areas． 针对从句和非谓语动词提问： 1）________________________________________________________________ 2)__________________________________________________________________ 3)__________________________________________________________________ 4)___________________________________________________________________ 三、练习 分析句子：找出非谓语动词，通过提问的方式找出所含信息 1.In 1800 a candle providing one hour’s light cost six hours’ work．In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes’ work to pay for． __________________________________________________________________ 2. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossil-fuel

(完整版)非谓语动词在写作上的运用

动名词 ①admit，appreciate，give up，imagine，put off，resist，can’t stand(无法忍受)等后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。 ②forget，mean，regret，remember，等可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。 ⑤在短语devote to，object to，thank for，be busy，look forward to，there is no use/good/need 等动词词组后也必须用动名词形式。 ⑥在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一次具体行为。

⑦.allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 We don’t allow smoking here. We don’t allow students to smoke. ⑧. 动词need，require，want作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。 The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned. ⑨动名词的时态和语态 动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种。 We are interested in playing chess. I’m sorry for not having kept my promise. He likes being helped. I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to do it. ．分词的时态和语态 (1)分词分为现在分词和过去分词，其否定形式为not＋分词。现在分词有一般式和完成式。Being a student，he was interested in books. Having studied in it for three years，he knows the university very well. (2)现在分词有一般式和完成式，且有主动语态和被动语态。 The question being discussed is important. Having been criticized by the teacher，Li Ming gave up smoking. (3)过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer. 如果指的动作现在正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，可用现在分词的被动形式作定语。 We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. (4)作状语 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等。 The teacher stood there，surrounded by the students. 表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引出。 While unfinished，the painting looked ugly. 分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果分词与句子的主语是主动关系，用doing表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或进行的动作，用having done表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如果分词与句子的主语是被动关系，则用done强调在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作，也可用having been done。 (5).当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词前必须加上自己的主语，此结构被称为独立主格结构。 Time permitting，I’ll finish another lesson. 二、转换复合句为非谓语动词 1．这里曾有一家化肥厂，位于城市的南边。它每天释放出大量有毒气体，污染环境。There was a large factory, which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, which polluted the environment. →There used to be a large factor y _________________. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, ____________the environment. (现在分词作状语) 2．当我们赶到校门口时，已经8点了。我们见到老师时，不得不为迟到而向她道歉。When we got to the school gate it was eight. When we saw our teacher, we had to say sorry for we were so late. →When we got to the school gate it was eight. ____________, we had to say sorry for our being late. (现在分词作状语)