2018高考英语知识点：非谓语动词在写作中的运用(含解析)

2018高考英语知识点：非谓语动词在写作中的运用

1. 依据上下文确定答案的法则：从近几年的完形填空题看，近义词或近义短语的测试力度逐渐加强，并成为测试热点。四个选项不是词义相近，要不就是近义动词的同一种时态的现象，或名词的单复数搭配。若选项词义差异很大，必然文章中藏有提示语，正因如此，往往第一个选项有时需要读完全篇短文才能准确回答。

2. 词语语义与强于语法原则：完型填空题的首句不留空，目的就是告知短文的故事的四要素：地点、时间、人物和事由。再则，单纯语法题已基本退出该题型的测试范畴，所以，指导学生时，首先要告知他们这类现象。尽管四个选项的词语都符合语法规则，然而该题的解答必须遵循先全面理解篇章语义，再结合正确语言结构对每个空格作出准确无误的抉择。

3. 解题四步法原则：

第一步：跳读。带着空格通读全文，了解短文大意，判别短文文体，同时能将会做的题及时解决掉。

第二步：选答。这一步最为关键，要求考生对每一道题进行认真推敲，但是要告诫他们万万不可按照题的顺序答题，对那些不能拿不准的题先跳过去，遵循先易后难的解题原则。

第三步：推敲。这实际上就是要求考生对完形填空短文的篇章作通盘考虑，把其中一些需要依据上下文语境来考虑的比较难解答的题，以及句子之间和段落之间的逻辑关联较强的认真推敲，甄别，筛选和抉择。

第四步：复查。这是解答这类题的最后一步，要求考生解完题之后务必再把文章通读一遍，从整体上准确把握文章的真正意思，及时修改与全文有出入的一些选项。

应试技巧一：语境信息解题法：近几年的完形填空题淡化了语法结构性的题，选项重在语意干扰，也就是说，对具体的语言知识应该融入具体的语境中去考虑，考生应具有通过上下文提示、暗示或铺垫，对篇章进行整体上的把握的能力。所以，快速浏览全文，迅速领悟篇章主旨，通过上下文语境选择答案选项乃解决完形填空的关键。

4) Our __47__ challenge was to keep the rock mixture __48__ enough.

47. A. next B. first C. past D. previous

48. A. cold B. wet C. loose D. clean

【题解：47. 答案为A项。短文前面提到第一个挑战是发电的问题，那么接下来的挑战就是如何保持温度的问题。48. 答案为B项。从下文提到的洒水车等事情，我们可以判断出这儿应该是“保持湿度”的语意。】

5) … Still others faced the storm bravely, walking miles to get to work.

I __40__ to be one of people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most __41__ had stopped. After making my way through crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was __43__....

40. A. used B. promised C. deserved D. happened

41. A. practice B. routine C. process D. service

…

43. A. operating B. cycling C. turning D. rushing

【40. D项。从前面一句话和本句中one of people可知，作者当天上午碰巧也是去上班的人之一；

41. D项。从上下文可知，由于风暴大部分地铁线路停运，所以唯有service符合题意；43. A项。从上下文的语境中我们可知道作者最后找到有一条地铁线还在营业，operating本身含有“营业的”意思，相当于be on service。】

6) After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced __36__ for a few days, I was __37__ to wait tables on my own. All went __38__ that first week

36. A. manager B. assistant C. cook D. waitress

37. A. promised B. invited C. allowed D. advised

38. A. well B. quickly C. safely D. wrong

【36. D项。根据下文“I was allowed to wait tables on my own”可以判断，作者是和有经验的女侍者一起工作了几天；37. C项。从上下文可知，几天后作者被允许单独做餐饮招待服务了；38. A 项。有下文可以判断出，她的第一周工作非常顺手，没出意外。】

应试技巧二：语法结构法: 高考完形填空题基本都是在语境中考查考生对语法知识的掌握程度，单纯考查这类题很少。而在完形填空题中考察语法项目的主要是动词的各种时态、语态和语气、谓语和非谓语形式等。所以这类题需要考生有较为扎实的语法基础知识，能够从句式的结构上辨别出须填相关的关联词、连词、副词、形容词或相应的动词，当然还要考虑到主谓一致的关系等语法知识要点。不过，切记解答这类题，必须是任何空格的语法正确的前提下，再考虑其他方面因素。

7) When it was 5:00pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer __49__ I received an email from Garth, my Director.

A. while

B. when

C. where

D. after

【49. B项，这儿when的意思是just at the moment，与前面的when意思不一样，A项的while 无此意，D项的after不符合行为交互逻辑，C项完全是错误的。】

8) “I have been a soloist for over ten years. __53__ the doctor thought I was totally deaf, it didn’t __54__ that my passion couldn’t be reali zed.

53. A. However B. Although C. When D. Since

54. A. mean B. seem C. conclude D. say

【53. B项，由第二段的内容以及本句的句意“尽管医生认为我已经全聋了，但是这并不意味着我的热情会消失。”，故此处应为让步状语从句；54. A项，由句意可知。】

应试技巧三：复现解题法：这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现或同义词、近义词和反义词异形复现的形式。这种测试手法主要是考查考生的整体篇章意识和上下文推断能力。

9）In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies. Not all of these __21__ are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folk-tales they are

__22__ and cause much human suffering.

21. A. babies B. believes C. fairies D. supermen

22. A. powerful B. cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary

【21. C项，同义原词的复现；22. B项，异形近义词的复现】

10）On August 26, 1999, New York City was struck by a terrible rainstorm. The rain caused the streets to __36__ and the subway system almost came to a stop.

36. A. break B. flood C. sink D. crash

【36. B项，异形近义词的复现】

11）Garth’s email was short, but I learned more from that __52__ message than I e ver did from a textbook.

A. accurate

B. urgent

C. brief

D. humorous

【52. C项，异形同义词的复现】

应试技巧四：固定搭配解题法：这类题与语法结构题有点类似，但主要惯用搭配，讲究词与词的搭配，涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。

12) Telling him that he no longer needed to enjoy them but I still needed to write them, I

__28__ until the day he graduated.

28. A. held up B. gave up C. followed D. continued

【28. D项。由句意可知，“尽管儿子不愿意再收到我的字条，但是我依然坚持写到他毕业为止。”这道题实际上是一道固定搭配题，其结构为not…until，但句中没有否定副词not，再则，若A、B两项短语用于这一结构中须与not连用，故不合题意；C项的followed应为及物动词，后面需加宾语方可，再则followed在此有歧义，也不合题意，由于continue是延续性动词，所以，无需否定副词，在这一固定搭配中只有瞬间动词才与not连用。】

13) He had spent those years well, graduating from college, __30__ two internships(实习) in Washington, D.C, and finally, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento.

30. A. organizing B. planning C. comparing D. completing

【30. D项。大学毕业之后，又实习了两个学期，最后在萨克拉门托做一名技术助理。这儿指完成实习，故惟有completing符合题意。】

应试技巧五：逻辑语气解题法：这类题主要是通过分了解全文的人物、时间、地点等信息之后，再分析句子与句子之间的关系，段落与段落之间的关系来解题。这种逻辑语气主要包含并列、递进、因果、转折和委婉语气等等。这类题的选项多为连词、副词或具有连词意义的各类短语。

14) All went well that first week. When Saturday night came, I was luckily given the tables not far from the kitchen. __40__, I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays.

40. A.Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Finally

【40. B项。从整篇文章来看，在这儿只是一个转折语气，表示在前一个星期的顺利，在这一天却遇到了一些麻烦。Therefore是递进语气，finally也属递进语气，但表示是最后一步的语气，多指结论性的行为，不符合题意；otherwise虽属转折语气，但多为推断或假设否定语气，而本文所叙述的是真实事例的呈现，所以，惟有however符合题意。】

15) He had spent those years well, graduating from college, completing two internships(实习) in Washington, D.C, and __31__, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento.

31. A. hopefully B. finally C. particularly D. certainly

【31. B项。有上文及全句的意思可知，在这儿是作者六年求学和工作的最后一个环节，表示毕业之后找到了一份工作，从预期上讲，应该是结论性的，所以，惟有finally符合题意。】在进行有关逻辑语气题时，必须要符合原文的意思，要瞻前顾后，审慎分析，细心推断，密切注意相关连词的连用，注意语气的变化，应从细节着手。

应试技巧六：利用文化背景和生活常识解题法：高考完型填空题的命题形式均为独立的语篇形式，并交织和渗透着各类相关的常识与文化背景知识。这类题主要是考查考生应该把握的英美国家的文化背景知识和生活常识，但是一旦将这些知识放到具体的场合中进行考查时，有些考生可能就不会灵活地加以运用他们所学过的知识。因此在解题时，考生所学的语言知识和其他有关英美国家的文化背景知识在考试中都会发挥重要作用，唯有在无法准确把握语言知识时，可充分利用所学的社会知识和科普知识进行语境判断。

16) Yesterday the sales office rang us to say the car was __23__.

A. right

B. ready

C. fixed

D. sold

【23. 答案为B项。依据生活常识，买车前一般要提前预订，因此这里的意思是销售部打来电话通知作者，他们的车已经到了，让他们前去提车。】

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的篇章作通盘考虑，把其中一些需要依据上下文语境来考虑的比较难解答的题，以及句子之间和段落之间的逻辑关联较强的认真推敲，甄别，筛选和抉择。 第四步：复查。这是解答这类题的最后一步，要求考生解完题之后务必再把通读一遍，从整体上准确把握的真正意思，及时修改与全文有出入的一些选项。 应试技巧一：语境信息解题法：近几年的完形填空题淡化了语法结构性的题，选项重在语意干扰，也就是说，对具体的语言知识应该融入具体的语境中去考虑，考生应具有通过上下文提示、暗示或铺垫，对篇章进行整体上的把握的能力。所以，快速浏览全文，迅速领悟篇章主旨，通过上下文语境选择答案选项乃解决完形填空的关键。 4)our__47__challengewastokeeptherockmixture__48__en ough. 47.A.nextB.firstc.pastD.previous 48.A.coldB.wetc.looseD.clean 【题解：47.答案为A项。短文前面提到第一个挑战是发电的问题，那么接下来的挑战就是如何保持温度的问题。 48.答案为B项。从下文提到的洒水车等事情，我们可以判断出这儿应该是“保持湿度”的语意。】 5)…

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NO.1 2018全国I卷高考英语作文 【试题回顾】 假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家里做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件，内容包括： 1、到达时间 2、合适的礼物 3、餐桌礼仪

【范文】 Dear Terry, How are you doing? In your last letter, you asked me about being a guest to a Chinese friend’s home. Now,I am writing to inform you of some relevant details. To begin with, according toour tradition, you are supposed to arrive early, so that you can help thefamily prepare the dinner, which is not only meaningful but also interesting.Besides, you’d better bring some gifts, such as a book or a Chinese knot. What’smore, when you are enjoying the meal, you need to avoid making noises whilechewing food. Hopefully, these suggestionswould be helpful for you. I have the confidence that you will have a greattime. I am looking forward to your good news. Best wishes! Yours, LiHua

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