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定语从句笔记及练习题

定语从句

一．定语：用来修饰名词（或代词）的成分，位置短前长后（初中：修饰一个名词的词或短语或句子）从句：一个句子做另一个句子的成分，那么这个句子就是另一个句子的从句，另一个句子是这个句子的主句

定语从句：用一个句子充当定语，通常放在被修饰名词（和代词）的后面。

This is a book.

This is an interesting book.

This is a history book.

This is a book about Ming Dynasty.

This is a book written by Yuan Tengfei.

二．分析定语从句的构成

The student who came first is Peter.

先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词

关系词（也叫引导词）：引导定语从句的词。放在定语从句句首，在从句中代替先行词先行词决定关系词

He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.

God help those who help themselves.

Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind in it.

A lot of new countries whose names I had never heard of before were shown on the map.

三．怎样写一个定语从句--合成大法

This is a book.

My mother gave me a book as a birthday gift.

This is a book which my mother gave me as a birthday gift.

一找找出两句话中相同的名词（其中一句的可以为代词）

二删删除要做定语从句句中的名词

三替用合适的关系词替代被删除的名词并将关系词放在从句的句首

四放将整个定语从句放在主句被修饰的名词后

四．关系词分类

关系代词：who whom which that whose

关系副词：where when why how

(关系词中绝对没有what）

五．用法

1.先行词在定语从句（从句）中做主语或宾语

（1）先行词是sth，关系词用which或that

（2）先行词是sb，关系词用who或that

当sb做宾语时，关系词也可以用whom

The building which stands by the river is our school.

The book which you need is in my room.

The girl is my best friend. The girl is from America.

The girl who is from America is my best friend.

---Hi, Jack. Have you ever seen the TV show “Dad, where are we going?”

---Of course. I like the girl ______ is called Cindy. She runs as fast as a wind. (14平房一模）

A which

B who

C whom

Friends are those ______ always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed. So please value them at your side. (12香坊一模）

A who

B what

C which

---Do you know of Guo Mingyi?

---Yes. He is an ordinary worker ______ helps many poor children in China. We should follow his example. (13真题）

A blog is considered as an inven tion _______ can express your own ideas and feelings freely. It’s a room to communicate with other people online. (12真题）

A that

B who

C where

2.先行词在定语从句中做状语（关系词=介词+先行词）

（1）时间状语，关系词用when

（2）地点状语，关系词用where

（3）方式状语，关系词用how（先行词是the ways）

（4）原因状语，关系词用why（先行词是the reasons）

The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to a party.

---What do you usually do in your leisure time?

---I enjoy reading in the library ______ I lose myself in a world of good books. (10真题）

A which

B that

C where

---Do you still remember the most wonderful days ______ we were together in the last summer camp?

---Sure. I’ll never forget those days. (12道外一模）

A which

B that

C when

3. 先行词在定语从句中做定语，关系词用whose（先行词是形代，one's，of+n.）

通常后面紧跟名词，译为“人的”“物的”

Please give me a room. Its window faces the sea.

Please give me a room whose window faces the sea.

I know the woman whose bag was stolen.

“Get new knowledge by reviewing the old.” is a famous saying by Confucius. He was a great thinker ______ words still have a great effect on millions of people around the world today. (11真题）

A who

B who’s

C whose

六．that三字经（六种关系词必须为that的情况）：

最高级序数词不定代表唯一人和物避重复

最高级：先行词被最高级修饰时

Please look up at the sky after you don’t do well in an exam. If the sun is still shining, you shouldn’t be too sad because nothing can take away the most fantastic dream ______ really belongs to you. (14市模）

A that

B who

C where

Everyone has his aim in life. However, you can’t get fat on one mouthful. Start with the easiest thing ______ you can control. （14真题）

A who

B that

C which

序数词：先行词被序数词修饰时

A city’s landmark is usually the first thing ______ attracts a tourist. It is a symbol of the city and also a window into the local culture. (14道外二模）

A that

B which

C who

不定代：先行词中含有不定代词时something等12个，both，either，neither，none，all，each，any

---It’s your turn now.

--Thank you. We provide classes for parents to help the children to learn better. If you want to join us, all ______ you need to do is to fill in your information. (14道里一模）

A who

B which

C that

We all need help sometimes, and if we help others, we may also get something ______ is valuable, like a beautiful star shining in your life. （14香坊一模）

A that

B which

C who

表唯一：先行词被表示唯一的短语修饰时（the only very the last the right）

Mother’s love is common and great. It is also the only love ______ doesn’t want to get rewarded. Let’s give more love and care to our mothers. （14道外三模）

人和物：先行词中既有人又有物时

All of us should remember our classmates and classroom ______ we’ve studied with and in for ab out four

years. （12道外二模）

A who

B which

C that

避重复：主句为特殊疑问句为了避免和特殊疑问词重复

Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?

Which is the bike that you lost?

两不that三字经（两种关系词不能使用that的情况）：介词后逗号后those后

介词后：通常选择which

I’m looking for a box in which I can put all the apples.

How time flies! Four years has passed quickly. However, I still remember the first day on _____ I became a junior middle school student. （14南岗三模）

A that

B which

C who

Mike failed in some subjects because he only studied hard at the subjects in ______ he was very interested. （13道里三模）

A that

B who

C which

逗号后：逗号后的定语从句为非限定性定语从句，通常由which引导但不绝对

BJ, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city.

It’s impossible for anyone to take the sovereignty over Huangyan Island away from China, ______ was discovered and drew on a map by Chinese about 700 years ago. (12香坊三模）

A where

B that

C which

难点：虽然先行词有序数词修饰，但是定语从句的谓语动词需要搭配介词，并前移到关系词之前

Suzhou, the first city ______ we’ll travel next month, is famous for its gardens around the world.

(13香坊三模）

A to which

B which

C that

注意：

A 如何选择关系代词还是关系副词

一找出先行词

二把先行词代入定语从句中

三观察如果不缺介词选关系代词如果确介词选关系副词

This is the house where I worked 2 years ago.

This is the house which I visited 2 years ago.

At 8:02 on April 20, the 7.0-magnitude earth quake happened in Ya’an ______ is world-famous for its tea culture and the Bifengxia Panda Base. (13香坊二模）

A who

B which

C where

---Online courses are much more popular throughout the world.

---That’s true. The University of California, ______ I teach, has started offering more online courses this year. (12市模）

A what

B which

C where

---I will never forget the time ______ we spent in the middle school.

---Neither will I. We should use different ways to ______ each other. (12松北一模）

A when keep up with

B which keep away

C that keep in touch with

---Do you remember the day _____ you joined the Communist Youth League?

---Certainly! It was my first time having a speech in public. （12南岗二模）

A when

B that

C in which

B where= 介词+which

When=介词+which

---Mrs. Tang will leave our school in ______ she has taught for nearly 30 years.

A that

B which

C where

All the students will remember the day on _____ we had the first heavy snow this year. We were so happy that we made a big snowman with our teacher after school. (12道里一模）

A that

B when

C which

13市模完型18-45

As long as you keep working with your courage and belief, you can reach the stage on ______ you can show all your talents.

A that

B which

C who

五定语从句的几个难点

1 先行词和定语从句之间可能会插入其他修饰成分

笑话：My friend said he knew a man with a wooden leg whose name is Smith. So I asked him, “what is the name of the other leg?”

---Have you found the information about the famous people ______ you can use for your composition?

---Not yet. I’ll research some on the Internet. (14南岗二模）

A who

B whom

C which

2 主谓一致先行词作定语从句的主语时，要和定语从句中的谓语动词保持数的一致

The man who lives downstairs speaks English well.

The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill.

It’s one of the most interesting questions that have been asked at the meeting.

Mary is the only one of the girls who plays in the band.

---Why are so many people afraid of H7N9?

---Because it is one of the most serious diseases ______ able to cause people to die. (13南岗二模）

A that is

B that are

C which are

14平房以一模完型8-27

Those who ______ much are slow in making decisions.

A have drunk

B has drunk

C drinks

14道外二模完型11-28

But researchers found that _____ who always use a computer or mobile phone can be in bad health.

A the one

B that

C those

3 关系词who whom which that在定语从句中作宾语时可省略

The people we met at the party were very friendly to us.

13香坊三模完型28-42

You need to widen your horizons, take on new experiences and discover ______ you need to get.

A all

B that

C which

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