大学英语B级考试练习题

一、交际英语

1．--Have a cup of tea, ? --Thanks a lot.

A don’t you

B haven’t you

C shall me

D will you

2.-- ? --He is not very well.

A Who is he

B What is he

C How is he

D Who he is

3.—Why didn’t you come to my birthday party yesterday? -- .

A Excuse me, my frie

nd sent me a flower B Fine, I never go to birthday parties

C Well, I don’t like birthday parties

D Sorry, but my wife had a car accident

4.—This box is too heavy for me to carry upstairs.

--

A You may ask for help

B I’ll give you a hand

C Please do me a favor

D I’d come to help

5. -Could I ask you a rather personal question?

-Of course, .

A good idea

B that’s right

C never mind

D go ahead

二、词汇与结构

6．I don’t know the park, but it’s to be quite beautiful.

A．said B．old C．spoken D．talked

7．Mike is better than Peter swimming.

A．for B．at C．on D．in

8．The young lady coming over to us our English teacher; the way she walks tells us that!

A．must be B．can be C．woul be D．could be

9．Had you come five minutes earlier, you the train to Birmingham. But now you missed it.

A．Would catch B．would have caught C．Could catch D．Should catch 10．Eggs, though rich in nourishments, have of fat.

A．a large number of B．the large number

C．a large amount D．the large amount

三、阅读理解

Passage 1

Snowflakes look like white stars falling from the sky. But there have been times when snow has looked red, green, yellow, or black. There have been snowflakes of almost every color. Think how it would seem to have colored snowflakes coming down all around you.

Black snow fell in France one year. Another year grey snow fell in Japan. It was found that the snow was mixed with ashes.

his made it look dark. Red snow had come down in other countries. When this happened, the snow was mixed with red dust.

Most snow looks white, but it is really the color of ice. Snow is ice that comes from snow cloud. Each snowflake begins with a small drop of frozen water. More water forms around this drop. The way the water freezes gives the snowflakes its shape.

No two snowflakes are ever just the same size or shape. Sometimes the snowflakes are broken when they come down. Other snowflakes melt as they fall. All snowflakes are flat and have six

sides, if they are not broken or melted. When the air is cold and dry, the falling snowflakes are small and hard. If the air wet and warm, the snowflakes are big and soft.

Would you be surprised to see snowflakes as big as your head falling from the sky? It happened once in the United States. It could happen again.

11The first two paragraphs mainly tell us that sometimes snow has different colors.

A：T B：F

12、No two snowflakes are just the same size, but all snowflakes are hard.

A：T B：F

13 Snowflakes begin with cloud.

A：T B：F

14. The bigger the snowflakes are, the softer they are.

A：T B：F

15、Black snow fell only in European Countries.

A：T B：F

Passage2

The French Revolution broke out in 1789. At the time France was in a crisis. The government was badly run and people’s lives were miserable. King Louis XIV tried to control the national parliament and raise more taxes. But his effort failed. He ordered his troops to Versailles. The people thought that Louis intended to put down the Revolution by force. On July 14,1789, they stormed and took the Bastille, where political prisoners were kept. Ever since that day, July 14 has been the French National Day. Louis tried to flee the country in 1792 to get support from Austria and Prussia. However, he was caught and put in prison. In September 1792, the monarchy was abolished. In the same year, Louis was executed. A few months later his wife, Marie also had her head cut off. The Revolution of France had frightened the other kings of Europe. Armies from Austria and Prussia began to march against France. The French raised republican armies to defend the nation. The Revolution went through a period of terror. Thousands of people lost their lives. In the end, power passed to Napoleon Bonaparte. (190 words)

16. What’s this passage about?

A. France.

B. King Louis .

C. The French Revolution.

D. Europe.

17 Which did not happen in 1789?

A. The French Revolution broke out .

B. The national economy was developing rapidly.

C. The government wasn’t well run.

D. King Louis XIV was in power.

18. Where were the political prisoners kept?

A. In Versailles.

B. In Austria.

C. In Prussia.

D. In Bastille.

19. What does the underlined word “abolished” mean?

A. Put off.

B. Established.

C. United.

D. Ended.

20. What was NOT the effect of the Revolution?

A. July 14 has become the French National Day.

B. It brought some impact on the other European Kings.

C. Louis’s wife, Marie was killed.

D. The king tried to control the national parliament.

四、完形填空

Once upon a time a poor farmer taking a sack of wheat to the mill did not know ___1___ to do when it slipped from his horse and fell ___2____ the road.The sack was ___3___ heavy for him to carry,and his only hope was that presently some one would come riding by and lend a hand.

It was not long ____4___ a rider appeared,but the farmer's heart sank when he recognized hin,for it was the great who lived in a castle nearby.The farmer would have dared to ask ___5___ farmer for help,or any poor man who might have come along the road,but he could not beg a person of great a man.

21. A. another B. what C. too D. onto E. before

22. A. another B. what C. too D. onto E. before

23. A. another B. what C. too D. onto E. before

24. A. another B. what C. too D. onto E. before

25. A. another B. what C. too D. onto E. before

五、英译汉

26.Though it was late, they kept on working.

27. Apples here like water and sunshine.

28. Tomwas such a hardworking student that he soon came out first in the class.

29.Ted and William have lived under the same roof for five years.

六、作文

Why I study English?或:Why do students like learning English? 或Why I Like Learning English

答案：

交际英语1-5DCDBD

词汇与结构6-10:ABABC

阅读理解11-20ABBAB CBDDD

完形填空21-25：BDCEA

翻译：26-29

26、尽管已经很晚了，他们还在继续工作。

27、这里的苹果喜欢水和阳光。

28、汤姆是一个学习十分用功的学生，以至于不久他就成了班里学习最好的学生。

29、泰德和威廉已经在同一个屋檐下生活了五年了。

范文Why do I study English? / (Why do students like learning English?) Firstly, English is very useful. English is the most widely used language in the world. If we make a visit to foreign countries or do business with foreigners, we need to communicate with them in English. Secondly, with China becoming stronger and stronger, we have more chances to go abroad. We can know the English-speaking countries much better if we know English. Both China and English-speaking countries have realized the importance of the culture exchange. Above all, English is useful and important, we must master English.

2020年12月大学英语B统考题库原题 网考大学英语B真题12

一、交际英语 1、--Do you dance? --Yes, I do. --_________? --Every weekend. A：How hard do you practice B：How much do you pay for it C：How often do you go dancing D：How long do you practice it 答案：C 2、--I went to the beach and got plenty of rest. --________. You looked tired last time I saw you. A：I hope so B：Really C：I'm glad you did D：The sound was nice 答案：C 3、-- Wow! This is a marvelous room! I've never known you're so artistic. --______ A：Great, I am very art-conscious. B：Don't mention it. C：Thanks for your compliments. D：It's fine. 答案：C 4、-- Madam, do all the buses go downtown? -- A：Wow, you got the idea. B：No, never mind. C：Pretty well, I guess. D：Sorry, I'm new here. 答案：D 5、-- Who's speaking? -- This is Tom . A：speaks B：spoken C：speaking

大学英语B级考试练习题

一、交际英语 1．--Have a cup of tea, ? --Thanks a lot. A don’t you B haven’t you C shall me D will you 2.-- ? --He is not very well. A Who is he B What is he C How is he D Who he is 3.—Why didn’t you come to my birthday party yesterday? -- . A Excuse me, my frie nd sent me a flower B Fine, I never go to birthday parties C Well, I don’t like birthday parties D Sorry, but my wife had a car accident 4.—This box is too heavy for me to carry upstairs. -- A You may ask for help B I’ll give you a hand C Please do me a favor D I’d come to help 5. -Could I ask you a rather personal question? -Of course, . A good idea B that’s right C never mind D go ahead 二、词汇与结构 6．I don’t know the park, but it’s to be quite beautiful. A．said B．old C．spoken D．talked 7．Mike is better than Peter swimming. A．for B．at C．on D．in 8．The young lady coming over to us our English teacher; the way she walks tells us that! A．must be B．can be C．woul be D．could be 9．Had you come five minutes earlier, you the train to Birmingham. But now you missed it. A．Would catch B．would have caught C．Could catch D．Should catch 10．Eggs, though rich in nourishments, have of fat. A．a large number of B．the large number C．a large amount D．the large amount 三、阅读理解 Passage 1 Snowflakes look like white stars falling from the sky. But there have been times when snow has looked red, green, yellow, or black. There have been snowflakes of almost every color. Think how it would seem to have colored snowflakes coming down all around you. Black snow fell in France one year. Another year grey snow fell in Japan. It was found that the snow was mixed with ashes. his made it look dark. Red snow had come down in other countries. When this happened, the snow was mixed with red dust. Most snow looks white, but it is really the color of ice. Snow is ice that comes from snow cloud. Each snowflake begins with a small drop of frozen water. More water forms around this drop. The way the water freezes gives the snowflakes its shape. No two snowflakes are ever just the same size or shape. Sometimes the snowflakes are broken when they come down. Other snowflakes melt as they fall. All snowflakes are flat and have six

大学英语考试题

《大学英语2》综合复习资料 1. — Guess what? I passed the English exam! —______ C. Congratulations! __________ 2. — I must go now. The plane will leave in half an hour. Thank you for seeing me off. —________ A. Good luck.____ 3. —Will you be able to come to my birthday party this Saturday? —____ D. Yes, I’d love to. 4. —Tom, this is Hack, Fred is ill in hospital. —Oh, __ C. I’m sorry to hear that._______ 5. —Excuse me, could you please tell me how to get to the railway station? —B. Sorry, I don’t know. I’m new here. ____________ 6. — Could I borrow your CD of English songs? —____ B. I’m sorry. It’s not at hand now. 7. —Hello, Sally. How’s everything? —____ D. Just so-so._____ 8. — Waiter! —__ A. Yes, sir? ______ 9. — Hello, may I talk to the headmaster now? — __ A. Sorry, he is busy at the moment _______. 10. — Do you think I could borrow your dictionary? —____ C. Yes, help yourself ____. 11. — What can I do for you, madam? —_ A. I want a kilo of apples _______. 12. — Do you mind telling me w here you’re from? —_ D. Certainly not. I’m from London 13. —May I see the menu, please? I’ve been waiting an hour already. —___ C. Here you are, sir ______. 14. —I want to look up a new word. Could you lend me your dictionary? —_____B. Here you are. _______ 15. —I’m sorry that the postcards you want to buy have been sold out. —______ D. Oh, what a pity! _______ 16. —Do you mind if I smoke here? —__ C. Sorry, it’s forbidden here.________ 17. — Do you think living in the countryside has more advantages? —B. Well, it depends.____________ 18. —You’ve won the basketball game. Congratulations! —____ C. Thank you. We’re really lucky.________ 19. — Excuse me, Sir. Could you hold the suitcase for me? —____ D. With pleasure. 20. —Mom, I’m very sorry for having broken the plate. —Oh, boy, __ A. it doesn’t matter._________ 21. —It’s really nice of you to give me a hand in time! —____ D. It’s my pleasure. ________

2019年12月大学英语B统考题库 网考大学英语B真题3

一、交际英语 1.- Mike, I am going to skate in the mountains tomorrow. - Oh, really? _________ A.I am sorry. B.Thank you. C.Have a good time. D.Congratulations! 答案：C 2.- Congratulations! You won the first prize in today's speech contest. - ________ A.Yes, I beat the others. B.No, no, I didn't do it well. C.Thank you. D.It's a pleasure. 答案：C 3.- Could you help me with my physics, please？ - ________ A.No, no way. B.No, I couldn't. C.No, I can't. D.Sorry I can't. I have to go to a meeting right now. 答案：D 4.- Do you mind my smoking here? - _______ A.No, thanks. B.Yes, I do. C.Yes. I'd rather not. D.Good idea. 答案：B 5.- Please help yourself to the seafood. - ________ A.No, I can't. B.Sorry, I can't help. C.Well, seafood don't suit. D.Well, I'm afraid I don't like seafood. 答案：D

最新大学英语1考试题库及答案

大学英语1测试答案 注意：标红为答案 测验一： （AABAA BBACA CBCCA CAAAA，题目顺序随机）题目1：They have a share.

A. each； B. every 题目2：child enjoys Christmas. A. Every； B. Each 题目3：My pen is lost. This one is my A. brother； B. brother's 题目4：Have you the skirt by yourself? A. made； B. built 题目5：My room is than the one next door. A. cleaner； B. cleanner； C. cleanest 题目6：John is the of the three brothers. A. taller； B. tallest； C. tall 题目7：We've entered an agreement. A. for； B. into； C. * 题目8：He entered his son the English examination. A. for； B. into； C. * 题目9：No one saw the thief when he entered the buliding. A. for； B. into； C. * 题目10：Everyone he will win. A. believes； B. believe 题目11：Just then, the telephone rang. It rang____. A. at once； B. immediately； C. again； D. at that moment 题目12：The shop assistant found some curtain material___me.

大学英语B统考题库网考大学英语B真题

一、交际英语 1.- Sorry I'm late. - _________ A.You are welcome. B.It's a pleasure. C.Take care. D.Don't worry. 答案：D 2.- We are going to have a singing party tonight. Would you like to join us? - ________ A.I'm afraid not, because I have to go to an important meeting. B.Of course not. I have no idea. C.No, I can't. D.That's all set. 答案：A 3.- Would you like to go to the concert with us this evening? - ________ A.No, I already have plans. B.I'd love to, but I'm busy tonight. C.No, I really don't like being with you. D.I'm ill, so I shouldn't go out. 答案：B 4.- Must I take a taxi? - No, you ________ . You can take my car. A.had better to B.don't C.must not D.don't have to 答案：D 5.- Could I speak to Don Watkins, please - ________ A.Speaking, please. B.Oh, how are you C.I'm listening. D.I'm Don. 答案：A 电大、各类远程网络教育统考大学英语B、计算机应用基础统考辅导

大学英语B级期末考试题与答案

Test Seven, Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (15 minutes) Directions: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections. Section A Directions: This section is to test your ability to give proper answers to questions. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a pause. The questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1. A) Mary is not here, because she is ill. B) No, it isn't. C) Yes, it is. D) We are ready. 2.A) I am not hungry. B) But the price is too high. C) I like doing some cooking. D) I want to have a rest. 3.A) No, you can't. B) Yes, you can. C) I want a seat near the window. D) That's all right. 4. A) Thank you. B) I agree with you. C) Me, too. D) A little better. 5.A) It's snowing now. B) I like it. C) Yes, the grounds are white. D) it sounds good. Section B Directions: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. Both the dialogues and questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 6.A) $16. B) $32. C) $8. D) $64. 7.A) Patient and doctor. B) Waitress and customer. C) Wife and husband. D) Secretary and boss. 8. A) Worried and frightened. B) Quite unhappy. C) Very relaxed. D) Angry with the professor. 9. A) The woman was late for coming. B) The woman asked the man to wait. C) The man was annoyed by her late coming. D) The man was quite all right. 10. A) Young people are quick in making decisions. B) They seldom stay long on one job. C) They are easy to lose jobs. D) They are too eager to succeed. Section C Directions: In this section you will hear a recorded passage. The passage is printed in the test paper, but with some words or phrases missing. The passage will be read three times. During the second reading, you are required to put the missing words or phrases on the Answer Sheet in order of the numbered blanks according to what you have heard. The third reading is for you to check your writing. Now the passage will begin. Dick was a sailor on a big ship. It went to Japan and Australia, so Dick was often on the ship for some months at a time. When he (11) up in the morning and looked out, he only (12) the sea, or sometimes a port. When he was twenty-three, Dick married and bought a small (13) with a garden in his wife's town. It was (14) away from the sea. Then he had to go back to his ship, and was away (15) home for two months. He went from the port to the town by bus, and was very happy to see his wife again.

大学英语一级期末考试试题

大学英语一级期末考试试题（B卷） 课程名称:《大学英语读写I 》任课教师签名: 大学英语教学部（一教） 出题教师签名: 题库审题教师签名: 张文君_____ 考试方式（闭）卷适用专业 07级化工与制药学院、材料学 院、理学院、经管学院和 法学院共58个班 考试时间（ 120 ）分钟 Part I. Reading Comprehension (2’X20=40’) Directions: Read the following three passages carefully and do the multiple-choice questions. Passage One Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They spoil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong things. The key to preventing or treating behavior problem is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do. Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit”, it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the dog pack by using extreme measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you pleasantly if they accept that you are in charge. Tainting should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and more safely allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal. 1. Behavior problems of dogs are believed to _______. A) worsen in modern society B) be just part of their nature C) occur when they go wild D) present at threat to the community 2. The primary purpose of obedience training is to ________. A) enable the dog to regain its normal behavior B) teach the dog to perform clever tricks C) make the dog aware of its owner’s authority D) provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior 3. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is _______. A) an extreme measure in obedience training B) a good way to teach the dog new tricks C) the foundation for dogs to perform tasks D) essential to solve the dog’s behavior problems 4. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters? A) To show their willingness to obey. B) To show their affection for their masters. C) To avoid being punished. D) To win leadership of the dog pack. 5. When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner________. A) will enjoy a better family life. B) can give the dog more freedom C) can give the dog more rewards D) will have more confidence in himself Passage Two: Once upon a time there was a wise man that used to go to the ocean to do his writing. He had a habit of walking on the beach before he began his work. One day he was walking along the shore. As he looked down the beach, he saw a human figure moving like a dancer. He smiled to himself at the thought of someone who would dance on the beach. So he began to walk faster to catch up. As he got closer, he saw that it was a young man and the young man wasn't dancing, but instead he was reaching down to the shore, picking up something and

2019年大学英语B统考试题库网考大学英语B真题

一、交际英语 Sorry I'm late. - _________ are welcome. 's a pleasure. care. 't worry. 答案：D We are going to have a singing party tonight. Would you like to join us - ________ 'm afraid not, because I have to go to an important meeting. course not. I have no idea. , I can't. 's all set. 答案：A Would you like to go to the concert with us this evening - ________ , I already have plans. 'd love to, but I'm busy tonight. , I really don't like being with you. 'm ill, so I shouldn't go out. 答案：B Must I take a taxi - No, you ________ . You can take my car. better to 't not 't have to 答案：D Could I speak to Don Watkins, please - ________ , please. , how are you 'm listening. 'm Don. 答案：A 电大、各类远程网络教育统考大学英语B、计算机应用基础统考辅导

大学英语B级考试试题与答案

Section A Directions: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You are required to complete each statement by choosing the appropriate answer from the 4 choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . You should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 16. The classroom needs______. A) clean B) to clean C) to be cleaned D) being cleaned 17.There is a nice-looking car there. I wonder ______. A) whom it belongs to B) whom does it belong to C) it belongs to whom D) whom does it belong 18. Wordsworth was one of the greatest poets ______ lived in the 19th century. A) which B) who C) those D) that 19. the population is too large, we have to take measures to control the birth rate. A) Although B) Since C) If D) Until 20. It is requested that every student ______ a paper on sustainable development. A) writes B) wrote C) writing D) write 21 .He said, "I ______ a lot of new poems by the end of last year." A) h ad already learnt B) have already learnt C) would have already learnt D) already learnt 22. As Edison grew ______, he became more and more interested in science. A) elder B) the elder C) older D) the older 23. Only in this way ______ catch up with your brothers. A) do you can B) can you C) you can D) you do can 24.No one, except his two best friends, ______ where he is. A) know B) knows C) to know D) knowing 25. Mr. John has decided that he will ______ the branch company set up in the small town. A) take over B) hand in C) put in D) lead to Section B Directions: There are also 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in the brackets. Write .the word or words in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet. 26. We started the attack when the enemy (cross) ______ the river. 27.My suggestion is that we (send) ______ a few people to help the other groups. 28.I am sorry to learn that you have made no (improve)______on the design at all. 29. I prefer (live) ______ in the country rather than in a city. 30. We had difficulty (carry) ______ out the plan. 31. Not(know) ______ her address, we couldn't get in touch with her. 32.Do you know the (high) ______ of St. Paul's Cathedral. 33. The great number of traffic accidents (emphasis) ______ the need for careful driving. 34. Many modern cars are equipped with an (automatically) ______ temperature control system. 35 .That one is no good; this one is even (bad) ______. Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Direction: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfil. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed. T ask 1 Direction:After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A) , B) , C) or D) . You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a Single line through the center.

2020年大学英语B统考题库 网考大学英语B真题1

一、交际英语 1.- How is your headache? - _________ A.Not at all. B.Better now. C.Thank you. D.Nothing special. 答案：B 2.- We are going to have a singing party tonight. Would you like to join us? - ________ A.I'm afraid not, because I have to go to an important meeting. B.Of course not. I have no idea. C.No, I can't. D.That's all set. 答案：A 3.- Do you mind my smoking here? - _______ A.No, thanks. B.Yes, I do. C.Yes. I'd rather not. D.Good idea. 答案：B 4.- How are you, Bob? -________ A.How are you? B.I'm fine. Thank you. C.How do you do? D.Nice to meet you. 答案：B 5.- Excuse me, could you show me the way to the nearest post office? - ______Oh yes! Two blocks away from here at the Green Avenue. You can't miss it. A.I beg your pardon? B.What do you mean? C.You're welcome.

大学英语B级模拟测试试题第套

大学英语B级模拟试题第套

————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：

大学英语（B）模拟试卷 Test 3 第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分） 此部分共有5个未完成的对话，针对每个对话中未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D 4个选项中选出正确选项。 1. —Hi, Bob, how‘s everything with you? —__________, and how are you? A. Don’t mention it B. Hm, not too bad. C. Thanks D. Pretty fast 2. —Who is that speaking? —This is Wang Li__________. A. speaks B. spoken C. speaking D. saying 3. —Could you help me with my chemistry, please? —______________________ A. No, no way. B. No, I couldn’t. C. No, I can’t. D .Sorry I can’t. I have to go to a meeting right now. 4. —Can you go to the movie with us this evening? —______________________ A. No, I already have plans. B. I’d love to, but I’m busy tonight. C. No, I really don’t like being with you. D. I’m ill, so I shouldn’t go out. 5. —Hey, Kate, what’s up? —______________________ A. Yes, definitely! B. Oh, not much. C. What is happening in your life? D. You are lucky. 第二部分：阅读理解（共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分） 此部分共有2篇短文，在第一篇短文后有5个正误判断题，从每题后的2个选项中选出正确答案；在第2篇短文后有5个问题。请从每个问题后的A、B、C、D 4个选项中选出正确选项。 Passage 1 Places to stay in Britain are as varied as the places you visit. Whatever your budget is the choice -from basic barn to small hotel, from tiny cottage to grand castle - is all part of fun. Hostels Cheap, good? -value hostels are aimed at all types of like-minded travelers, who prefer value