2018高考英语人教版(总复习)第二、三部分

第一课时冠词

[感悟高考]

单句语法填空/单句改错

1．The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed，________ other is with mum—she never suspects.(2016·全国Ⅰ，70) 2．Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.(2016·全国Ⅱ，48)

3．The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even ________most modern of architects and engineers.(2015·全国Ⅱ，62)

4．I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.(2016·四川，短文改错)

5．In that case，we will learn little about world.

(2016·全国Ⅱ，短文改错) 答案 1.the 2.a 3.the 4.在kitchen之前加the 5.about后加the

[考点清单]

考点一不定冠词的考查

规则?不定冠词有a和an 两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前，an用在以元音音素开头的名词前。

注意：一个词是以元音音素开头还是辅音音素开头，是根据其发音而不是根据字

母。对于这类的词要记住下面两句话中加黑单词：

In a university，a European and a one-eyed man walked along a one-way road with a useful tool.This is a usual thing.

在一所大学里，一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常之事。

An hour ago，an honest man accepted an unusual gift and went to finish an honorable task.

一小时前，一个老人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物，去完成一项光荣的任务。

规则?不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示泛指，泛指某一人或某一物。The story happened in a small town in Victoria.

故事发生在维多利亚的一个小镇上。

规则?a＋most 表示“很”，“非常”。

—Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?

——你昨天玩得开心吗？

—Yes，as you know，the party went on in a most pleasant atmosphere.

——是的，正如你所知，晚会是在非常愉快的气氛中进行的。

规则?不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示“再一，又一”。

In order to find a better job，he decided to study a second foreign language.

为了找到一份更好的工作，他决定学习另一门外语。

规则?表示单位时间内的频度，不定冠词含有“每”的概念。

In order to shape myself，I attend Yoga classes twice a week.为了塑造自己的体形，我每周上两次瑜伽课。

规则?具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用。如：a success一个成功的人或一件成功的事；a pleasure一件令人高兴的事。

It's a pleasure to work with him.

和他一块儿工作是件乐事。

规则?具有动作意义的名词在与动词have，take，make等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时，前面要加不定冠词。如：take a look看一看；have a try试一试。You had better go to the factory and have a look.

你最好到厂里去看一看。

规则?不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如：a waste of浪费……；all of a sudden 突然；as a rule通常；as a result 由于；as a whole总体上；for a while 一会儿

It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.我突然想起，我把她的生日给忘了。

考点二定冠词的考查

规则?用在名词前表示特指。

Beijing is the capital of China.

北京是中国的首都。

规则?用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。

the sun太阳the moon 月亮the earth 地球

the sky天空the world 世界

注意：有些物体虽然也是独一无二的，但习惯上却不用冠词。

space太空nature自然man人类

Do you know who invented the telephone?

你知道是谁发明了电话吗？

规则?用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较，表示特指的时候)和最高级前。Purple Sun is the most moving film that I have ever seen.《紫日》是我看过的最动人的电影。

规则?定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用时，表示一类人或事物。

The wounded were sent to the hospital immediately.

受伤者被立刻送往医院。

规则?用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour，by the dozen等，但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词，如by weight，by height等。

—It's said John will be in a job paying over $ 60，000 a year.

—Right，he will also get paid by the week.

——据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60 000美元的工作。

——是的，而且会按周获得报酬。

规则?定冠词the用在表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。The Whites settled down in Canada last year.

去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。

规则?用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前，但“play＋表示中国乐器的名词(如erhu 二胡，pipa琵琶)”中，名词前不用冠词。

the east东部play the piano 弹钢琴

My brother is playing the violin while my sister is chatting on the Internet.

我弟弟在拉小提琴而我妹妹正在网上聊天。

考点三零冠词的考查

规则?称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。

Dr.Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”

这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们，五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。

规则?在月份、季节、星期、节假、洲前；三餐、球类、惯用语前；学科、棋类名词前，用零冠词。

A year can be divided into four seasons—spring，summer，autumn and winter.

一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。

规则?as/though引导的让步状语从句中，如果作表语的单数名词置于句首，名词前不用冠词。

Child as he is，he knows much about the world.

尽管他是个孩子，但知道的很多。

规则?no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。

There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.

天下没有免费的午餐。

规则?高考中常见的纯不可数名词，不能与不定冠词连用。这些词有：baggage，luggage，furniture，health，weather，fun，space(太空)，advice，word(＝news)，progress，information，news，luck，wealth(财产)，homework等。

What fine weather it is today！今天多好的天气呀！

规则?在turn(变成)作表语的名词前不用冠词，但become后的可数名词作表语

时前要加冠词。

He became a doctor while his brother turned teacher.

他成了一名医生而他的弟弟成了一名教师。

[正误探究]

1．【误】At__the__first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.(2016·全国Ⅲ，短文改错)

【正】At__first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. 【探究】at first表示“起初”，是固定搭配，first前没有冠词。

2．【误】My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in__the__short__period__of__time．(2016·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)

【正】My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in__a__short__period__of__time．

【探究】此处应该表示“在短期内”，名词period是可数名词，意为“时期，一段时间”，当其用单数形式且前有形容词作定语时，前面要用不定冠词a。3．【误】Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in__countryside．(2015·全国Ⅰ)

【正】Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in__the__countryside．

【探究】句意：现在我生活在一个城市，但是思念我农村的家乡。这里countryside 是特指，故应加定冠词。

4．【误】As__result，the plants are growing everywhere.(2014·全国Ⅰ)

【正】As__a__result，the plants are growing everywhere.

【探究】as a result 意思是“结果”，为固定短语。

5．【误】Corn is an__useful plant that can be eaten by both people and animals. 【正】Corn is a__useful plant that can be eaten by both people and animals.

【探究】useful开头的第一个音素为辅音/j/，故用不定冠词a。

[易错防范]

易错点1泛指、特指含糊不清

Experts think that ________ recently discovered painting may be ________ Picasso.

误填a；the

答案the；a[句意：专家们认为最近发现的那幅油画可能是毕加索的画。第一空特指“最近所发现的那幅画”，故用定冠词；第二空泛指“毕加索的一幅画”，故用不定冠词。]

【点拨】在英语里，人名作为专有名词，前面一般不用不定冠词a。但是在一定的条件下，人名前也可以用不定冠词来泛指人，表示“一个”的意思。人名前加不定冠词a的情况常见的有以下几种：

(1)表示一个名叫……的人

(2)表示不同时期的某人

(3)以作者代替作品

易错点2思维定势的影响

In Chinese，________ date 2013—1—4 has a similar pronunciation to “love you for a lifetime”，making it ________ most lucky and romantic day.

误填a；the

答案the；a[句意：在汉语里，2013年1月4日的发音和“爱你一生一世”相似，使得这一天成为非常幸运浪漫的一天。第一空具体到日期表特指，用the；第二空泛指“一个”十分幸运而又浪漫的日子，用a。]

【点拨】此题容易受到思维定势的影响，认为最高级most前应用定冠词。在英语中，the most...与a most...是不同的，前者为最高级结构，意为“最……”，后者意为“一个非常/很……”，这种用法中的most相当于very。

易错点3名词前有修饰词时冠词的误用

Obama has been elected ________ first black President of the United States，and the international society expects to have ________ new USA under his leadership.

误填the；the

答案the；a[考查冠词的用法。第一个空表示顺序，所以序数词first前应填定冠词the，第二个空表示地点的专有名词USA前有形容词new修饰，故选不定冠词来限定。]

【点拨】此题对冠词的基本用法和特殊用法进行了考查，第一空处序数词前加the；第二个空处由于USA前加了修饰词new，前面需要用不定冠词a，表示“一个全新的美国”。以下情况中，都是由于在这些名词前加了修饰语：

the world a peaceful world the moon a bright moon

2018届高考英语(译林版)总复习真题研练21(有解析)

Task 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 (2016·北京，B) Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪) Natalie Doan,14，has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway，New York.Living just a few blocks from the beach.Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house.“It's the ocean that makes Rockaway so special，” she says. On October 29,2012，that ocean turned fierce.That night，Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast，and Rockaway was hit especially hard.Fortunately，Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridges closed. When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighborhood in ruins.Many of Natalie's friends had lost their homes and were living far away.All around her，people were suffering，especially the elderly.Natalie's school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn. In the following few days，the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.V olunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys.Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild.Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings. “My mom tells me that I can't control what happens to me，” Natalie says，“but I can always choose how I deal with it.” Natalie's choice was to help. She created a website page，matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick，who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down.Within days，Patrick's collection was replaced. In the coming months，her website page helped lots of kids：Christopher，who received a new basketball；Charlie，who got a new keyboard.Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway.Her efforts made her a famous https://www.wendangku.net/doc/184982079.html,st April，she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change. Today，the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway，but hope is in the air.The streets are clear，and many homes have been rebuilt.“I can't imagine living anywhere but Rockaway，”Natalie declares.“My neighborhood will be back，even stronger than before.”

2018届高考英语(译林版)总复习真题研练40(有解析)

Task 1：阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 (2016·全国Ⅰ) A Heroic Driver Larry works with Transport Drivers，Inc.One morning in 2009，Larry was __1__ along 165 north after delivering to one of his__2__.Suddenly，he saw a car with its bright lights on.__3__he got closer，he found __4__vehicle upside down on the road.One more look and he noticed__5__shooting out from under the__6__https://www.wendangku.net/doc/184982079.html,rry pulled over，set the brake and__7__the fire extinguisher (灭火器)．Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out. The man who had his bright lights on__8__and told Larry he had__9__an emergency call.They__10__ heard a woman's voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle.__11__the vehicle，they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.They told her to stay__12__until the emergency personnel arrived，__13__she thought the car was going to__14__.Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move__15__she injured her neck. Once fire and emergency people arrived，Larry and the other man__16__and let them go to work.Then，Larry asked the__17__if he was needed or __18__ to go.They let him and the other man go. One thing is__19__—Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His__20__most likely saved the woman's life. 【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文讲述了货运司机拉里看到了一辆翻倒着火的汽车，不顾个人安危对伤者实施救助的故事。 1．A.walking B．touring C．traveling D．rushing 答案C[考查语境中动词的辨析。由下文的pulled over，set the brake等词可知，拉里送完货物之后正在道路上行驶。因此答案选C。] 2．A.passengers B．colleagues C．employers D．customers 答案D[考查语境中名词的辨析。拉里是送货司机，当然是将货物送到顾客(customers)手里。] 3．A.Since B．Although

2018届高三英语(人教版)总复习随堂演练：6-4 含答案

Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Do you believe in the ________(存在)of God? 2．I know I can trust her in any ________(情况)． 3．I ________(使神清气爽)myself with a glass of juice after running. 4．In nature, there are lots of ________(现象)which can't be explained now. 5．Keep the camera ________(平稳)while you take a picture. 6．In production, we demand not only __________ (数量)but also quality. 7．Some people prefer a wider ________ (范围)of views, and would choose to read more. 8．As a ________(后果), the majority of today's mothers are in the labor market. 9．So what do you think is the ________(趋向) of country music? 10．On ______(平均), I spend $100 on books each month. 答案 1．existence 2.circumstance 3.refresh 4.phenomena 5．steady 6.quantity7.range8.consequence 9．trend/tendency10.average Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Some common ________ (phenomenon) in the world are still not completely understood by human beings. 2．There are ________ (quantity) of goods in that shop for customers

(全国用)2018年高考英语总复习 微专题训练 第66练 前缀(二)

第66练前缀（二） 高考高频单词与短语识记排查 在空格处填入适当的词(1个单词)或所给词的正确形式 1．Her arrest produced an immediate (react) from the press. 2．It can be used in (automatically) signal detection. 3．We are fully (wake) to the dangers of the situation. 4．Development of the area would (danger) wildlife. 5．The railroad gives free (transport) for a certain amount of baggage. 6．I enjoy (swim) in the pool in summer.

7．It took one week to transport clothes and medicine the disaster-hit area. 8．How do you react this modern artist’s paintings? 9．You should encourage her her attempts to become a doctor. 10．She told the children to be quiet while she was talking the telephone. 知识运用与写作能力专练 Ⅰ.语法填空 Once there was a magpie(喜鹊) who realized that one of his most prized coins was missing.So he called the best detectives in the forest：the hare(野兔) and the mouse. The mouse was a bit 1. (clever) than the hare；so，following the clues and using his 2. (reason) power，soon he got to the great labyrinth(迷宫) of tunnels under the forest.On entering，he saw Mr.Mole(鼹鼠)，but the mouse was very shy，so he said nothing to the mole about 3. he was there，and he carried on 4. (look) for the missing coin. The hare 5. (be) also a great detective，and，before long，he too arrived at the labyrinth.He was not a bit shy，and the first thing he did was ask the mole 6. he knew where the coin was.The mole was very 7. (please) to lead the hare to the coin.That coin 8. (bother) the mole for months， getting in the way of his tunneling. So the hare took the coin and collected his reward.The mouse,9. had been watching all this，learned a lot from it.From then on he would never allow 10. (shy) to take back all his good work.This approach soon turned him into the best detective in the forest. Ⅱ.短文改错 (2017·江西新余一中、宜春一中联考) E-books are a relatively recent invention.They are popular for a great many of rea sons.An e-reader takes up much less rooms in a suitcase: perfect for people who had to take several books on holiday.Besides，lots of people don’t reread books; an e-reader mean they don’t end up with a house filling with books they’ll never look at again.P eople say they’re more environmentally friendly: no trees cut down for paper，or no ink is needed.However，successfully these devices are，nothing can beat an appeal of a genuine book for me.After all，if I’m short in cash，I can always

【分析】2018年高考英语全国3卷真题

〖解密〗2018年高考英语全国III卷真题解析 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A

Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens Visitor Information How to Get to Holker By Car: Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere — 20 minutes, Kendal — 25 minutes, Lancaster — 45 minutes, Manchester — 1 hour 30 minutes. By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports. Opening Times Sunday —Friday (closed on Saturday) 11:00am —4:00pm, 30th March —2nd November. Admission Charges Hall & Gardens Gardens Adults: ￡12.00 ￡8.00 Groups: ￡9.00 ￡5.50 Special Events Producers’ Market13th April Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas. Holker Garden Festival 30th May The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening. National Garden Day 28th August

2018年高考英语总复习微专题训练

Ⅰ.语境填词 1．The ________(manage) decided to choose a responsible person to perform the task. 2．Gathering clouds ________(announce) the oncoming storm. 3．Smith said he is ________(innocence)，but many people think he is lying. 4．Now it became ________(evidence) that he spoke two languages at once. 5．He must be made to answer for these terrible ________(犯罪)． Ⅱ.单项填空 6．—Bob’s ________ the branches from the tree.Go and ________ for firewood.Bill!

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