英语写作-对比比较

Writing A Comparison / Contrast Paragraph

AIMS:

ordering material using the point-by-point method or the block method

improving coherence by using transitional phrases common to comparison/contrast writing taking a step-by-step approach to create comparison/ contrast paragraphs

studying model paragraphs to create comparison/ contrast paragraphs

Comparison shows similarities between persons, places, things, ideas, or situations.

Contrast points out the differences between persons, places, things, ideas, or situations.

Two Basic Methods for Organizing Comparison / Contrast Paragraphs

1. If you let A and B stand for the two things (subjects) being compared, then you can use the block method in which you tell all about A, then tell all about B. Thus you discuss A in a block and B in a block.

2. If you let A and B stand for the two things (subjects) being compared, then you compare them point by point. Every time you say something about A, you also say something about B – right in the same sentence or in the sentence immediately following.

The Topic Sentence

Your topic sentence should identify both items (subjects) to be compared or contrasted and tell the reader exactly what you are going to say about these items (attitude).

e.g., (poor) Our pup, Tuffy is different from our cat, Hector.

(good) The difference in temperament between our pup, Tuffy, and our cat, Hector, is a constant source of amusement.

The Body

Once you have decided on a good topic sentence, list all the points of comparison/ contrast that you can think of. Next, review the list and eliminate any points, which are irrelevant or unimportant. Now, organize your details in a logical sequence, and begin your rough draft.

The Conclusion

The most effective conclusion for a comparison/contrast paragraph is usually a final sentence, which reinforces the controlling idea.

e.g., If you could see Tuffy and Hector together, you could scarcely help laughing at the contrast between these two household playmates.

A Good Example of the Block Method:

Students who have Mr. Jones and Mr. Smith are immediately aware of the difference in the lecturing manner of each teacher. Mr. Jones has a pleasant voice, which helps hold the interest of the students. He pronounces clearly in a rhythmic pattern emphasizing key words. His moderate tone and inflected words make his lectures interesting. Mr. Jones also adds humour to his subject, and hewel comes questions from students who don’t understand the material. He takes his time and explains slowly. He tries to make sure that his students understand a concept before he moves on to something new, and he is very enthusiastic about his subject. Mr. Smith, on the other hand, has a different tone, pronunciation, expression and attitude from Mr. Jones. He has a booming voice, which commands rather than teaches, and sometimes it is hard to understand because he runs his words together. His lectures are not as interesting as those of Mr. Jones, either, because Mr. Smith speaks in a boring monotone. He also hates to be interrupted; feeling that he must cover everything. Mr. Smith teaches every class in a serious, determined mood. Thus, as the above points illustrate, the lectures of Mr. Jones and Mr. Smith are quite different.

A Good Example of the Point-by-Point Method:

Students who have Mr. Smith and Mr. Jones are immediately aware of the difference in the lecturing manner of each teacher. Mr. Jones has a pleasant voice, which helps hold the interest of the students. Mr. Smith, however, has a booming voice, which commands rather than teaches. Mr. Jones pronounces clearly in a rhythmic pattern emphasizing key words. On the other hand, Mr. Smith mumbles, running his words together. The moderate tone and inflected words of Mr. Jones make his lectures more interesting than those of Mr. Smith, who speaks in a boring monotone. Mr. Jones also adds humour to the subject, whereas Mr. Smith is always serious about each lesson. Mr. Jones welcomes questions from students who don’t understand the material, as compared to Mr. Smith who hates to be interrupted. Mr. Jones takes his time and explains slowly, whereas Mr. Smith rushes through each lesson. Mr. Jones is very enthusiastic about his subject: he tries to make sure everyone understands a concept before he moves on to something new. Mr. Smith, however, is always in a determined mood; he feels that he must cover everything. Each teacher has a different voice, tone, pronunciation, expression, and attitude: and as a result, their lectures are quite different.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST Key Words

comparison:

like similar as same in the same way too both

most important have in common the same as similarly as well as

contrast:

although yet whereas however but while differ instead unless

unlike on the contrary contrary to even though on the other hand

the reverse

When you compare one subject to another, you show how the two are alike, or similar.

Example: The dog, like the cat, is a household pet.

When you contrast two subjects, you show how they are different.

Example: The dog, unlike the cat, is dependent on its master.

Sometimes, both comparison and contrast are used in the same sentence.

Example: Both the dog and the cat make good household pets, but a

dog requires more attention than a cat.

Exercise

Read the paragraphs and answer the questions below. Thousands of years ago the Native people of North America had to build houses that fit their life. One kind of house was a tipi. The Plains people lived in tipis. Tipis were easy to put up and take down. In fact, it only took about half an hour to set them up. This was perfect for the Plains people who spent their time hunting and following herds of animals.

The Inuit, who lived in the cold Arctic region, spent part of the year living in igloos. Igloos were temporary homes like tipis. However, they were built for the cold winter months, whereas a tipi could be used year round. Both tipis and igloos had one main room that the family lived in and were usually made for a single family. Tipis and igloos were made of very different materials. Igloos were made from blocks of snow stacked on top of each other, while tipis were made from buffalo hide, tree bark, or grass. The shape of tipis and igloos was also different. Tipis were cone-shaped, using three or four poles for support. In contrast, igloos were dome-shaped.

1. Is this paragraph comparing and contrasting two things?Yes No

2. If no, how do you know it is not a compare and contrast paragraph?

3. If yes, what two things are being compared?

4. Circle the key words in the paragraph that show that the author was comparing and contrasting information.

~~ In-class exercise: Using Comparison/Contrast ~~

To get some practice using comparison/contrast as a rhetorical technique, prepare to write a

comparison/contrast paragraph(s) based on one of the following topics (or come up with one you like better):

?High school and College

?Raising a pet and raising a child

?Two career choices or majors you're contemplating

?Two colleges you've considered attending

?Two jobs you've had

?Two books you've read, or two movies you've seen

?Two close friends

?Two teachers

Once you decide on your subject, follow the three steps below to help you practice using this technique.

STEP 1: Establish categories to focus your analysis.

For example, if you're comparing colleges, your categories might be curriculum, price, location, and social life.

Brainstorm and then decide upon several appropriate categories for your topic which will focus how you look at each subject. List them below:

STEP 2: Brainstorm raw material by applying these categories to questions about your subject.

Based on the categories you arrived at above, ask what is similar and what is different about the two subjects. Write down everything you can think of—you can rearrange it later.

Comparisons (similarities) between___________________

and _______________________.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Contrasts (differences) between _____________________

and _______________________.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Step 3: Assemble your analysis.

Now examine the points you made and compile your raw material into paragraphs by using one or both of the methods described in Chapter Six (pp. 339-341). Write a topic sentence to focus your

comparison/contrast; it should state your subjects and the assertion you want to make about them as a result of your analysis. After you write your topic sentence, write the paragraph(s) below. Attach extra paper if you run out of room. If you think it will help you get a clearer idea how to assemble your work, view a completed sample.

比较对比类作文模板

比较/对比类作文模板 模板1： The topic of ①-----------------(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三). While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三). From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------(我的观点). The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice . 模板2： Some people like A; others like B. Which one do you prefer—A or B? (1) No doubt, I choose A, because there are too many benefits that outnumber its disadvantages. But B on the other hand, has advantages no more than its disadvantages. The most important benefit of A is that________________. To achieve the same effect, B will__________________. Another benefit of A, which B almost cannot achieve, is that___________________. Although B also has its seemingly profound advantages, it can only be achieved conditionally because_________________________. After understanding the reasoning above, it is quite safe now to say: to choose A is a wise action. 模板3： Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, contradict A. Personally, I would prefer__________ because I think A has more advantages. There are numerous reasons why________, and I would here explain a few of the most important ones. The main reason is that___________. It can be given a concrete example_____________. Another reason why I advocate the attitude of A is that___________. Take the case of a thing that_______________. One very strong argument for A is that__________________. This demonstrates the undeniable fact that_____________________. Of course, choosing B also has advantages to some extent, __________. But if all these factors are complicated, the advantages of A carry more weight than those of B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that_________________.

高考英语作文类型及范文背诵

一、看现象，讲道理 1．世博期间，上万的志愿者参加志愿工作，请你谈谈此现象的看法。 During the period of holding the World Expo in Shanghai, tens of thousands of citizens are participating in volunteer work, hoping to devote themselves to the grand occasion. As far as I am concerned, everyone ought to enter for it. Here are the reasons I want to mention. It can be argued that the advantages of doing unpaid volunteer work are enormous, because volunteer work is actually a two-way street. First of all, volunteer work should always benefit people who need help. Those who need help will feel happier due to our immediate help. On the other hand, as far as the young people ourselves are concerned, we have more opportunities to develop the sense of responsibility, independence as well as interpersonal skills in the process of helping others. Through this kind of work, we become confident and mature. In addition, we can make many friends and increase our chances of getting the jobs of our dreams. Furthermore, volunteer work plays an active role in building up a harmonious society. In a word, compared with the merits of volunteer work offered by the young adults, the demerits of that are just a few though they cannot be overlooked. The youth volunteers do make a difference by the voluntary work! Why not join them and do something for our country? 2．你班将组队参加学校组织的集体舞比赛(group dancing competition)，班长希望大家积极参与。对此谈谈你的想法。 你的文章必须包括以下内容： 你是否会参加比赛 你做出该决定的具体理由 Version 1： A group dancing competition will be held in our school and the monitor calls on everybody to take an active part in it. While most of my classmates are still hesitating whether to participate, I have said yes to our monitor with great pleasure. Generally speaking, there are two reasons for my decision. First, it is a good opportunity for me to relax myself, which will enable me to study more efficiently. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy, so goes the saying, which clearly shows us the importance of relaxation. Besides, I think I am a good dancer after learning dance for more than five years. Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions to the class. For the two reasons mentioned above, it is no surprise that I have such a strong enthusiasm on the group dancing competition.

浅谈初中英语写作技巧和方法

怎样提高初中英语的写作技巧和方法 西畴县逸夫中学-----杨宗粉 【摘要】：培养学生写作能力须：打好词汇量基础；熟练记住单词；熟练使用简单句；加强听力训练，；书写规范，促进写作；注重听、说、读能力的同步发展；重视课外练习。注重学生平时的单词拼写与组句能力，提醒学生积累常用表达方式，要求阅读背诵精彩段落，同时教师要利用教材话题资源，结合多种训练与评价方式，提升学生思维能力，强化写作专项指导，使学生养成英语书面表达的习惯，最终达到英语作为语言交际的目的。 【关键词】：写作技巧；词汇量；写作方法；单词拼写组句能力；阅读背诵；常用表达方式 听说读写是构成英语语言交际能力的重要组成部分，其中要求较高的是“写”的能力。《英语课程标准》对各个年级学生“写”的技能提出了明确目标对于我们农村地区的学生来说，英语写作非常困难。尤其在每一次的英语考试中，英语写作题型总是必不可少的，而且占到 15-20分左右，可见写作在英语考题中占的比例还是较大的。但一提起写作学生们就犯愁，甚至一字不写，有的干脆放弃。写一篇像样的英语作文多80%的学生来说是“难于上青天”。针对这种现象来分析学生存在的问题和解决的办法： 一、学生写作过程中出现的现状 1.词汇量太少 词汇是英语写作必不可少的基本要素，要写好一篇作文以表达自己的思想，必须以足够的词汇量为基础，但实际上大多数学生掌握的词汇

量都达不到规定的要求，因而在写作时也就不能随心所欲地表达自己的思想。出现的问题往往有拼写错误，影响理解；词语误用，表达不准确；某一词语反复使用，语言表达缺乏变式，文章显得单调乏味；文章中出现大量“造词”，让人看了啼笑皆非等。 语法规则和句型句式是英语写作涉及的另一基本要素。学生英语写作中出现的“大错”又多半是由语法错误引起的，学生在写作中语法不规范、句子结构混乱、含义不清等情况屡见不鲜，Chinese English 现象更是不乏其中，所以词汇量和语法问题是中学生英语写作时首先要解决的问题。 2.词汇错误较多 学生在写作的时候，中式英语Chinglish ：如There are many people would like to go on a vacation. I by bike to school every day. 2、词汇错误：错别字、近义词混淆、词性误用3、词组、句型使用不正确，缺乏重点句型的使用：如I spent one hour to read the book yesterday. 4、时态、语态、人称把握不正确（审题不正确）。思维模式总是先汉语，后转化为英语，可能他想到了句子该怎样写，句型也知道的，但却有个别单词不会。如：“对我来说学英语是困难的”这个句子可能他想到了，句子结构“it is＋adj for sb to do sth”也知道，但里面的形容词difficult不会写，导致句子表达含糊，以至于整篇文章错词百出，面目全非。 3.写出的长句达不到表达效果 一般的英语应试作文，总会给出汉语提示，学生写作也是从提示

英语比较对比写作手法例文

Animation Industry i n Japan a nd America Rencently, young people seem to be crazy about an activity which is called C osplay.In the activity they dress up in some wired clothes and pose themselves as a character in a Japanese or American cartoon s. As we know, both Japanese and American cartoons are the most popular animation industry in the world. However, they have some differences due to their culture diversity.

More and more Japanese realize the problem that they have lots of good painter but are short of excellent marketers. Compared with Japanese cartoon,American cartoon has a complete matur e i ndustrial chain and perfect industrial structure. The Disney Company is a good example. The Disney Park built by the Disney Company has located in America, Japan, China and some European countries. You can find all the characters that exist in Disney cartoon in the park and have a good time. Although the two kinds of animation industry have developed to a high level in the world, there still are problems which prevent the industries from getting better. Maybe combine them together and strengthen their communication will be a good method. On Old People and Children A number of people have the feeling that they take care of their children easily, while they also will be subjected to their mothers’complain t s although they take care of their mothers thoughtfully. In fact,there are some similarities and differences between old people and children. As long as we learn about these below, we will deal with all of them relaxedly. First of all, old people and children have some similariies. In people have the same willfulness and the same love of

高中英语作文类型及范文.

作文类型及例文 一、看现象，讲道理 1．世博期间，上万的志愿者参加志愿工作，请你谈谈此现象的看法。 During the period of holding the World Expo in Shanghai, tens of thousands of citizens are participating in volunteer work, hoping to devote themselves to the grand occasion. As far as I am concerned, everyone ought to enter for it. Here are the reasons I want to mention. It can be argued that the advantages of doing unpaid volunteer work are enormous, because volunteer work is actually a two-way street. First of all, volunteer work should always benefit people who need help. Those who need help will feel happier due to our immediate help. On the other hand, as far as the young people ourselves are concerned, we have more opportunities to develop the sense of responsibility, independence as well as interpersonal skills in the process of helping others. Through this kind of work, we become confident and mature. In addition, we can make many friends and increase our chances of getting the jobs of our dreams. Furthermore, volunteer work plays an active role in building up a harmonious society. In a word, compared with the merits of volunteer work offered by the young adults, the demerits of that are just a few though they cannot be overlooked. The youth volunteers do make a difference by the voluntary work! Why not join them and do something for our country? 2．你班将组队参加学校组织的集体舞比赛(group dancing competition)，班长希望大家积极参与。对此谈谈你的想法。（09年高考题） 你的文章必须包括以下内容： 你是否会参加比赛 你做出该决定的具体理由 V ersion 1： A group dancing competition will be held in our school and the monitor calls on everybody to take an active part in it. While most of my classmates are still hesitating whether to participate, I have said yes to our monitor with great pleasure. Generally speaking, there are two reasons for my decision. First, it is a good opportunity for me to relax myself, which will enable me to study more efficiently. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy, so goes the saying, which clearly shows us the importance of relaxation. Besides, I think I am a good dancer after learning dance for more than five years. Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions to the class. For the two reasons mentioned above, it is no surprise that I have such a strong enthusiasm on the group dancing competition. 二、标题作文 1．以“诚实是美德”(Honesty Is a Virtue)为题写一篇短文。短文的内容需包括： 1. 列举社会上的某些不诚实行为

写好英语作文的方法有哪些

写好英语作文的方法有哪些 写好英语作文的方法 第一招：审题细心 审题好比驾驶员打方向，方向对了，哪怕开得慢点，也会顺利到目的地。如果审题不清，书面表达的成绩不知道会有多惨。学生真正开始写作前，必须花相当一部分时间做写前阅读、思考等准备，包含以下四方面： 1审体裁。根据情景提示首先要弄清写何种体裁文章。 2审结构。明确开始部分、正文部分和结尾部分，定好段落。 3审格式。如日记、便条、书信、通知的格式等。 4审内容。弄清什么必需写，哪些略写，尤其是图画式书面表达，要学会连贯性，读懂图的意思。 5审人称和时态。弄清书面表达要求用何种人称，根据材料确定短文的基本时态。 第二招：衔接流畅 恰当使用逻辑词语，使各要点间连贯，行文通顺。 表并列或递进:and,both…and...,neither…nor,not only…but also...; 表选择:or,either…or; 表转折或让步:but,although,though,however,even though,inspite of,on the contrary; 表对比:like,unlike,while; 表举例:for example,such as,that's to say; 表强调:in fact,of course,besides; 表时间顺序:when,after,before,as soon as,soon，after; 表因果关系:because,since,as,for,for this reason，as a result; 表结论:in a word,to sum up,in summary,in conclusion,on the whole. 第三招：短语地道

英语对比写作方式

关于对比 共同点 The two boys had so much in common that they soon became good friends. The two ideas and the rejections are parallel to each other. The two parts compare with each other in their similarity. Both of the ideas are incorrect and are followed by corrections. Although Grant and Robert were fierce rivals during the war, their lives, both military and nonmilitary, had a great deal in common. These three types generally have the same traits. This Church was the custodian of knowledge, as well as the main employer of literate men. Rapid changes, have forced most countries to reconsider the national goals of education; Great Britain is no exception. The two systems are, in effect, identical. The individuals and the government are of the same importance. People of all ages have been playing these games. He was consistent in his attitude. 他的态度是前后一致的。 Our packing will be on a par with that of the Japanese. 我们的包装可以与日本同行相比美。 不同点 The writer presented two different ideas, one about Gail’s mother’s early idea a nd the other about other people’s idea. The television western (西方影片) of several years ago differs greatly from the western of today. This part introduces to us the love between Gail, a White woman and Mark, a black man. There is a big/great distinction between working hard and being a workaholic. Workaholics, on the other hand, are often disorganized, always find reasons for working more, feel lost without work to do, hide from problems through work, don’t know how or when to relax, bring work home from th e office, can’t communicate well with fellow workers and family members, and have unbalanced, one-dimensional lives. We seem to be more in the fast lane than ever before. They are more comfortable being with fellow workers than with family and friends.

考研英语写作模板：观点陈述类与解决问题类

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