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溶出度检查法美国药典USP-711

溶出度检查法美国药典USP-711
溶出度检查法美国药典USP-711

<711> DISSOLUTION

溶出度

(USP39-NF34 Page 540) General chapter Dissolution <711> is being harmonized with the corresponding texts of the European Pharmacopoeia and/or the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. These pharmacopeias have undertaken to not make any unilateral change to this harmonized chapter.

通则<711>溶出度与欧盟药典和日本药典中的相应部分相统一。这三部药典承诺不做单方面的修改。

Portions of the present general chapter text that are national USP text, and therefore not part of the harmonized text, are marked with symbols to specify this fact.

本章中的部分文字为本国USP内容,并没有与其他药典统一。此部分以()标注。

This test is provided to determine compliance with the dissolution requirements where stated in the individual monograph for dosage forms administered orally. In this general chapter, a dosage unit is defined as 1 tablet or 1 capsule or the amount specified. Of the types of apparatus designs described herein, use the one specified in the individual monograph. Where the label states that an article is enteric coated and a dissolution or disintegration test does not specifically state that it is to be applied to delayed-release articles and is included in the individual monograph, the procedure and interpretation given for Delayed-Release Dosage Forms are applied, unless otherwise specified in the individual monograph.

本测试用于检测药品口服制剂的溶出度是否符合各论中的规定。本章中,除另有规定外,单位制剂定义为1片或1粒胶囊。对于本章中所述多种仪器,使用各论中规定的种类。除各论中另有规定外,如果检品是肠溶衣片且各论中的溶出度或崩解时限检查项下没有特别指出适用迟释剂的,使用本章中适用于迟释剂的流程和解释。

FOR DOSAGE FORMS CONTAINING OR COATED WITH GELATIN涂有或包含明胶的剂型

If the dosage form containing gelatin does not meet the criteria in the appropriate Acceptance

Table(see Interpretation, Immediate-Release Dosage Forms, Extended-Release Dosage Forms, or Delayed-Release Dosage Forms) because of evidence of the presence of cross-linking, the dissolution procedure should be repeated with the addition of enzymes to the medium, as described below, and the dissolution results should be evaluated starting at the first stage of the appropriate Acceptance Table. It is not necessary to continue testing through the last stage (up to 24 units) when criteria are not met during the first stage testing, and evidence of cross-linking is observed.

如果剂型中含有明胶,其不符合验收表中的标准(见判断,速释制剂,延释制剂,缓释制剂),因为存在明胶交联结合作用,它的溶解过程与外加的媒介酶是重复的,见下面的描述,并且溶解结果可以通过适当的验收表的开始的第一阶段标准进行评估。如果溶出结果不满足第一阶段的测试标准,那么就没有必要继续测试到最后阶段,并且也证明了明胶交联结合作用的存在。

Gelatin, in the presence of certain compounds and/or in certain storage conditions, including but not restricted to high humidity and temperature, may present cross-linking. A pellicle may form on the external and/or internal surface of the gelatin capsule shell or on the dosage form that prevents the drug from being released during dissolution testing (see more information in Capsules—Dissolution Testing and Related Quality Attributes <1094>).

明胶,存在于某一处方和/或某一储存条件下,如:高温高湿,可能存在明胶交联结合作用。在胶囊壳或其他剂型的外表面和/或内表面形成一层膜阻止溶出试验过程中药物的释放(见胶囊-溶出度检测和相关质量属性<1094> )。

N OTE—All references to a chapter above <1000> are for information purposes only, for use as a helpful resource. These chapters are not mandatory unless explicitly called out for this application.

注-超过<1000>章节的所有引用应用的目的仅为提供参考信息。这些章节是非强制的,除非另有规定。

Dissolution Medium with pH ≤4.0 pH ≤4.0的溶出介质

Enzyme:Pepsin, activity determined by the procedure in purified pepsin, in the Reagent Specifications section

酶:胃蛋白酶,活性视试剂规格部分中的胃蛋白酶提纯过程而定。

Amount: A quantity of pepsin that results in an activity of NMT 750,000 Units/L of dissolution medium

数量:一些胃蛋白酶对溶出介质提供NMT 750,000 单位/L的生物活性。Dissolution Medium with pH >4.0 and <6.8 pH >4.0 和 <6.8的溶出介质

Enzyme:Papain, activity determined by the Assay test in the monograph for Papain; or bromelain, activity determined by the procedure in bromelain, in the Reagent Specifications section

酶:木瓜蛋白酶,活性视木瓜蛋白酶专论中的分析测试而定;或菠萝蛋白酶,活性视试剂规格部分中的菠萝蛋白酶生产过程而定。

Amount: A quantity of papain that results in an activity of NMT 550,000 Units/L of dissolution medium, or a quantity of bromelain that results in an activity of NMT 30 gelatin-digesting units (GDU)/L of dissolution medium

数量:一些木瓜蛋白酶对溶出介质提供NMT 550,000 单位/L的生物活性;一些菠萝蛋白酶对溶出介质提供NMT 30明胶消化单位/L的生物活性。

Dissolution Medium with pH ≥6.8 pH ≥6.8的溶出介质

Enzyme:Pancreatin, protease activity determined by the procedure

in Assay for protease activity(Casein digestive power) in the monograph for Pancreatin

酶:胰液素,蛋白酶活性视胰液素专论中的蛋白酶活性(酪蛋白消化能力)分析中的生产过程而定。

Amount: A quantity of pancreatin that results in a protease activity of NMT 2000 Units/L of dissolution medium

数量:一些胰液素对溶出介质提供NMT 550,000 单位/L的蛋白酶活性。Dissolution Medium Containing Surfactant or Other Ingredients Known to Denature the Enzyme含有表面活性剂或其他已知成分变性酶的溶出介质

If the dissolution medium contains surfactant or other ingredients that are known to denature the enzyme used, a pretreatment step in the dissolution testing of the dosage form may be applied. This pretreatment step is done using the specified dissolution medium without the surfactant or the ingredient and with the addition of the appropriate amount of enzyme according to the medium pH. The amount of enzyme added is appropriate to the volume of dissolution medium used in the pretreatment. To achieve the specified medium volume for the final dissolution testing, the pretreatment step may be conducted with a smaller volume of medium without the ingredient such that the final volume is obtained when the ingredient is added at the end of the pretreatment step. All of the other conditions of the test (apparatus, rotation, or flow rate) should remain as described in the method or monograph. Typically, the duration of the pretreatment step is NMT 15 min. The required pretreatment time should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and should be scientifically justified. This time should be included in the total time of the test. As an example, if the total time of the test is 45 min and 15 min are used in the pretreatment step, the test will continue for 30 min after the addition of the ingredient.

如果溶出介质中添加了表面活性剂或其他已知成分的变性酶,那么此溶出实验就要把预处理步骤考虑进去。预处理过程就是是根据溶出介质的pH来确定加入酶的量,此处的溶出介质不含有表面活性剂和原料。酶加入的量要适合预处理所用的溶出介质的体积。为了达到最终溶出试验所需要的特定的溶出介质的体积,预处理阶段所用的溶出介质(不含原料)的体积要稍微小点,如此在预处理最后阶段加入原料的时候方可获得最终的溶出介质体积。其他所有的测试条件(如:设备、转速、流速)应该与方法或专论中描述的一致。通常预处理阶段的持续时间为NMT 15 min。所需的预处理时间应该根据具体案例具体分析,且应该科学、合理。预处理时间应该包含在实验的总时间里。例如,如果实验的总时间为45min,预处理时间为15min,那么加入原料后实验还要继续进行30min。

USP Reference Standards ?11?—USP Prednisone Tablets RS.

USP参考标准<11>-USP强的松片 RS。

APPARATUS仪器

Apparatus 1 (Basket Apparatus) 第1法(篮法)

The assembly consists of the following: a vessel, which may be covered, and made of glass or other inert, transparent material;1 a motor; a metallic drive shaft; and a cylindrical basket. The vessel is partially immersed in a suitable water bath of any convenient size or heated by a suitable device, such as a heating jacket. The water bath or heating device permits holding the temperature inside the vessel at 37 ± 0.5° during the test and keeps the bath fluid in constant, smooth motion. No part of the assembly, including the environment in which the assembly is placed, contributes significant motion, agitation, or vibration beyond that due to the smoothly rotating, stirring element. An apparatus that permits observation of the specimen and of the stirring element during the test is preferable. The vessel is cylindrical, with a hemispherical bottom and with one of the following dimensions and capacities: for a nominal capacity of 1 L, the height is 160–210 mm, and its inside diameter is 98–106 mm; for a nominal capacity of 2 L, the height is 280–300 mm, and its inside diameter is 98–106 mm; and for a nominal capacity of 4 L, the height is 280–300 mm, and its inside diameter is 145–155 mm . Its sides are flanged at the top. A fitted cover may be used to retard evaporation.2The shaft is positioned so that its axis is NMT 2 mm at any point from the vertical axis of the vessel and rotates smoothly and without significant wobble that could affect the results.

A speed-regulating device is used that allows the shaft rotation speed to be selected and maintained at the specified rate given in the individual monograph within ±4%.

设备由下列部分组成:有盖或无盖的溶出杯,由玻璃或其他惰性的透明材料1制成;马达;转轴;转篮。溶出杯部分浸没在合适大小的水浴中,或者由合适的装置加热,例如电热套。水浴或加热装置需能在测试过程中将杯内温度保持在37±0.5℃,并且容许杯内液体持续、平缓的流动。整个仪器包括周围的环境,除了平稳转动的搅拌部件,不得有明显的运动,搅动或振动。仪器最好能允许在检测过程中能够观察到检品和搅拌部件。溶出杯为圆柱形,底部为半球形,尺寸和容积如下:名义容积1L的,高160-210mm,内径98-106mm;名义容积2L的,高280-300mm,内径98-106mm;名义容积4L的,高280-300mm,内径145-155mm。内壁顶部有缘。可以使用合适的盖子减缓溶剂蒸发2。转轴与溶出杯的纵轴在任意部位不得相差差过2mm,转动平滑,无明显摇晃以至于影响检测结果。速度调节装置控制转轴的转速,并可维持在各论中规定值的±4%范围内。

Shaft and basket components of the stirring element are fabricated of stainless steel, type 316, or other inert material, to the specifications shown in Figure 1. A basket having a gold coating of about 0.0001 inch (2.5 μm) thick may be used. A dosage unit is placed in a dry basket at the beginning of each test. The distance between the inside bottom of the vessel and the bottom of the basket is maintained at 25 ± 2 mm during the test.

转轴和篮筐组件由316号不锈钢或者其他惰性材料制成,尺寸如图1所示。可使用镀金厚度0.0001英寸(2.5μm)的篮筐。开始检测时,将一剂药品至于干燥的篮筐中。在测试过程中,溶出杯底部到篮筐底部的距离应保持在25±2mm。

Figure 1. Basket stirring element.

图1. 转篮组成

Apparatus 2 (Paddle Apparatus) 第2法(桨法)

Use the assembly from Apparatus 1, except that a paddle formed from a blade and a shaft is used as the stirring element. The shaft is positioned so that its axis is NMT 2 mm from the vertical axis of the vessel at any point and rotates smoothly without significant wobble that could affect the results. The vertical center line of the blade passes through the axis of the shaft so that the bottom of the blade is flush with the bottom of the shaft. The paddle conforms to the specifications shown in Figure 2. The distance of 25 ± 2 mm between the bottom of the blade and the inside bottom of the vessel is maintained during the test. The metallic or suitably inert, rigid blade and shaft compose a single entity. A suitable two-part, detachable design may be used, provided that the assembly remains firmly engaged during the test. The paddle blade and shaft may be coated with a suitable coating so as to make both of them inert. The dosage unit is allowed to sink to the bottom of the vessel before rotation

of the blade is started. A small, loose piece of nonreactive material, such as NMT a few turns of wire helix, may be attached to dosage units that would otherwise float. An alternative sinker device is shown in Figure 2a. Other validated sinker devices may be used.

使用第1法中的设备,除了使用一个由叶片和转轴组成的桨作为搅拌单元。转轴与溶出杯的纵轴在任意部位不得相差差过2mm,转动平滑,无明显摇晃以至于影响检测结果。叶片的垂直中性线穿过转轴的轴线,叶片的下缘与转轴底部平齐。桨的尺寸应符合图2中的规定。在测试过程中,叶片底部与溶出杯底部的距离应保持在25±2mm。金属或硬质的叶片和转轴应是一个整体。两部分组合的设计也可以使用,只要组件在检测过程中牢固固定在一起。可以在桨叶和转轴上涂布合适的涂层以使其为惰性。在桨叶开始旋转前,将一剂药品沉至溶出杯底。如果药剂浮在页面上,可以在其上附着一个惰性,松弛的小部件,例如几圈线圈,使其沉没。图2是一种可替代使用的沉子。其他经验证的沉子也可以使用。

Figure 2. Paddle stirring element.

图2. 搅拌桨组成

Figure 2a. Alternative sinker. All dimensions are expressed in mm.

图2a. 可选的沉降篮(单位均为mm)

Apparatus 3 (Reciprocating Cylinder) 第3法(往复圆筒法)

NOT ACCEPTED BY THE JAPANESE PHARMACOPOEIA日本药典未收录

The assembly consists of a set of cylindrical, flat-bottomed glass vessels; a set of glass reciprocating cylinders; inert fittings (stainless steel type 316 or other suitable material), and screens that are made of suitable nonsorbing and nonreactive material and that are designed to fit the tops and bottoms of the reciprocating cylinders; and a motor and drive assembly to reciprocate the cylinders vertically inside the vessels; if desired, index the reciprocating cylinders horizontally to a different row of vessels. The vessels are partially immersed in a suitable water bath of any convenient size that permits holding the temperature at 37 ± 0.5° during the test. No part of the assembly, including the environment in which the assembly is placed, contributes significant motion, agitation, or vibration beyond that due to the smooth, vertically reciprocating cylinder. A device is used that allows the reciprocation rate to be selected and maintained at the specified dip rate given in the individual monograph within ±5%. An apparatus that permits observation of the specimens and reciprocating cylinders is preferable. The vessels are provided with evaporation caps that remain in place for the duration of the test. The components conform to the dimensions shown in Figure 3, unless otherwise specified in the individual monograph .

所用设备包含一套圆柱形平底玻璃杯;一套玻璃往复圆筒;惰性配件(316号不锈钢或其他合适的材质);由合适的非吸附,不反应材料制成的筛网,挡在往复圆筒的上下两端;一套马达和传动装置,将圆筒在玻璃杯中垂直往复运动,如果需要,也可以将往复圆筒平行移至另一行玻璃杯中。玻璃杯部分浸没在合适尺寸的水浴中,水浴温度保持在37±0.5℃。仪器的任何部件,以及仪器所处的环境,都不应当引起明显的移动,搅动,振动,除了平滑的垂直往复运动的圆筒。使用设备维持往复速度在各论中所规定值的±5%范围内。仪器最好可以在检测过程中观察到样品和往复圆筒。玻璃杯配有蒸发帽,在检测中一直盖在玻璃杯上。除另有规定外,各部分的尺寸如图3所示。

Figure 3. Apparatus 3 (reciprocating cylinder).

图3. 图3 第3法(往复圆筒法)设备

Apparatus 4 (Flow-Through Cell) 第4法(流通池法)

The assembly consists of a reservoir and a pump for the Dissolution medium; a flow-through cell; and a water bath that maintains the Dissolution medium at 37 ± 0.5°. Use the specified cell size as given in the individual monograph .

所用设备包含一个溶出介质的容器和相应的泵,一个流通池和水浴。水浴将溶出介质保持在37±0.5℃。使用各论中规定的尺寸。

The pump forces the Dissolution medium upward through the flow-through cell. The pump has a delivery range between 240 and 960 mL/h, with standard flow rates of 4, 8, and 16 mL/min. It must deliver a constant flow (±5% of the nominal flow rate); the flow profile is sinusoidal with a pulsation of 120 ± 10 pulses/min. A pump without pulsation may also be used. Dissolution test procedures using a flow-through cell must be characterized with respect to rate and any pulsation.

泵将溶出介质推动,向上通过流通池。泵的传输能力在240到960mL每小时之间,标准速率为4,8,16mL每分钟。泵的流速必须均匀(名义流量的±5%以内)。泵的流量特性曲线应为正弦波,脉冲为每分钟120 ± 10 冲。无脉冲泵也可以使用。使用流通池法的溶出度测试必须对应特定的流速和脉冲。

The flow-through cell (see Figure 4and Figure 5), of transparent and inert material, is mounted vertically with a filter system (specified in the individual monograph) that prevents escape of undissolved particles from the top of the cell; standard cell diameters are 12 and 22.6 mm; the bottom cone is usually filled with small glass beads of about 1-mm diameter with one bead of about 5 mm, positioned at the apex to protect the fluid entry tube; and a tablet holder (see Figure 4and Figure 5) is available for positioning of special dosage forms, e.g., inlay tablets. The cell is immersed in a water bath, and the temperature is maintained at 37 ± 0.5°.

由透明且惰性材料制成的流通池(见图4和图5)垂直安放,配有过滤系统(在各论中规定)以防止未溶解的颗粒从流通池顶部逸出。标准的流通池直径为12和22.6mm。底部的锥形通常填有直径约1mm的小玻璃珠,其中一颗约5mm大的玻璃珠置于顶点处,以保护液体输入管。流通池配有药片架(见图4和图5)一满足特殊制剂的需要,如泡腾片。流通池浸没在37±0.5℃的水浴中。

Figure 4. Apparatus 4: large cell for tablets and capsules (top); tablet holder for the large cell (bottom). (All measurements are expressed in mm unless noted otherwise.)

图4. 第4法设备,盛装片剂和胶囊的大流通池(上),大药片架(下)。(除另有说明,所有尺寸单位为mm。)Figure 5. Apparatus 4: small cell for tablets and capsules (top); tablet holder for the small cell (bottom). (All measurements are expressed in mm unless noted otherwise.)

图5 第4法设备,盛装片剂和胶囊的小流通池(上),小药片架(下)。(除另有说明,所有尺寸单位为mm。)

The apparatus uses a clamp mechanism and two O-rings to assemble the cell. The pump is separated from the dissolution unit to shield the latter against any vibrations originating from the pump. The position of the pump should not be on a level higher than the reservoir flasks. Tube connections are as short as possible. Use suitably inert tubing, such as polytef, with about a 1.6-mm inner diameter and chemically inert, flanged-end connections.

流通池使用一个架子和2个O形圈固定。泵与溶出单元分开,以防止泵的振动干扰到后者。泵的水平位置不得高于溶出介质容器。管线连接尽可能短。使用合适的惰性管线,如聚四氟乙烯,内径1.6mm。法兰连接也应为化学惰性。APPARATUS SUITABILITY设备适用性

The determination of suitability of a test assembly to perform dissolution testing must include conformance to the dimensions and tolerances of the apparatus as given above. In addition, critical test parameters that have to be monitored periodically during use include volume and temperature of the Dissolution medium, rotation speed (Apparatus 1and Apparatus 2), dip rate (Apparatus 3), and flow rate of medium (Apparatus 4).

溶出度测试仪器的适用性必须包括与上述各仪器在尺寸和限度上的一致性。另外,必须在使用过程中定期观测的关键测试参数包括:溶出介质的温度和体积,转速(第1法和第2法),浸没频率(第3法)和溶出介质流速(第4法)。Determine the acceptable performance of the dissolution test assembly periodically.The suitability for the individual apparatus is demonstrated by the Performance verification test.

定期检测溶出度测试设备的性能。单个设备的适用性由性能验证测试给出。Performance verification test, Apparatus 1 and Apparatus 2:Test USP Prednisone Tablets RS according to the operating conditions specified. The apparatus is suitable if the results obtained are within the acceptable range stated in the technical data sheet specific to the lot used and the apparatus tested.

性能验证测试,第1法和第2法:根据规定的操作条件测试USP强的松片RS。如果结果在技术数据表上该批次和所用仪器的的可接受范围内,则设备是适用的。Performance verification test, Apparatus 3:[To come.]

性能验证测试,第3法——[待续]

Performance verification test, Apparatus 4:[To come.]

性能验证测试,第4法——[待续]

PROCEDURE测试方法

Apparatus 1 and Apparatus 2第1法和第2法

IMMEDIATE-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS速释制剂

Place the stated volume of the Dissolution medium(±1%) in the vessel of the specified apparatus given in the individual monograph , assemble the apparatus, equilibrate the Dissolution medium to 37 ± 0.5°, and remove the thermometer. Place 1 dosage unit

in the apparatus, taking care to exclude air bubbles from the surface of the dosage unit, and immediately operate the apparatus at the specified rate given in the individual monograph . Within the time interval specified, or at each of the times stated, withdraw a specimen from a zone midway between the surface of the Dissolution medium and the top of the rotating basket or blade, NLT 1 cm from the vessel wall. [N OTE—Where multiple sampling times are specified, replace the aliquots withdrawn for analysis with equal volumes of fresh Dissolution medium at 37° or, where it can be shown that replacement of the medium is not necessary, correct for the volume change in the calculation. Keep the vessel covered for the duration of the test, and verify the temperature of the mixture under test at suitable times. ] Perform the analysis as directed in the individual monograph using a suitable assay method.3Repeat the test with additional dosage form units.

将各论中给出的溶出介质量(±1%)加入到规定的容器中,组装好设备,平衡溶出介质温度在37±0.5℃,移出温度计。将1单位剂量的药品小心加入设备中,注意避免表面产生气泡。立即按照各论中规定的速率开动设备。在规定的时间间隔或给定的时间点,从溶出介质液面以下和溶出篮或桨叶顶端之间,离杯壁至少1cm的区域取出一份试样。[注:如果规定有多次取样,以等体积的37℃溶出介质补偿所取液体。或者,如果有证明不需要补偿介质,在计算中修正溶液体积的变化。在检测中保持容器加盖,并以适当的频率验证溶液的温度。]按照各论中规定的合适的方法进行分析3。重复试验以测试更多的剂量单元。If automated equipment is used for sampling or the apparatus is otherwise modified, verification that the modified apparatus will produce results equivalent to those obtained with the standard apparatus described in this general chapter is necessary.

如果使用自动化装置取样或者设备在其他方面做出了更改,需要进行验证以显示修改后的设备可以给出与通用章节中的标准设备等效的结果。

Dissolution medium: A suitable dissolution medium is used. Use the solvent specified in the individual monograph . The volume specified refers to measurements made between 20°and 25°. If the Dissolution medium is a buffered solution, adjust the solution so that its pH is within 0.05 unit of the specified pH given in the individual monograph . [ N OTE—Dissolved gases can cause bubbles to form, which may change the results of the test. If dissolved gases influence the dissolution results, dissolved gases should be removed before testing.4]

溶出介质:使用合适的溶出介质。使用各论中规定的溶剂。所规定的体积指在20和25℃之间所测的值。如果溶出介质是缓冲液,调整缓冲液以保证缓冲液的pH值在各论中规定的pH值的0.05以内。[注:溶解的气体可以导致气泡的生成,从而改变测试结果。如果溶解的气体会影响溶出结果,在测试前除去溶解的气体4。]

Time:Where a single time specification is given, the test may be concluded in a shorter period if the requirement for the minimum amount

dissolved is met. Specimens are to be withdrawn only at the stated times, within a tolerance of ±2%.

时间:当规定了单一的时间时,如果最小溶出量已达到,测试可以提前结束。试样必须在所述时间的±2%范围内取出。

Procedure for a pooled sample for immediate-release dosage forms:Use this procedure where Procedure for a Pooled Sample is specified in the individual monograph. Proceed as directed for Immediate-Release Dosage Forms in Apparatus 1 and Apparatus 2in the Procedure section. Combine equal volumes of the filtered solutions of the six or twelve individual specimens withdrawn, and use the pooled sample as the test specimen. Determine the average amount of the active ingredient dissolved in the pooled sample.

速释制剂集合样品测试方法:如果各论中有规定测试集合样品,使用本方法。按照测试方法章节中速释制剂第1法和第2法进行。集中全部所测的6或12个单独物种的等体积的溶剂,过滤,使用集合样品作为被测物种,测定集合样品中各活性成分的平均溶出量。

EXTENDED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS缓释制剂

Proceed as directed for Immediate-Release Dosage Forms.

按照速释制剂的方法进行。

Dissolution medium:Proceed as directed for Immediate-Release Dosage Forms.

溶出介质:按照立即释放制剂的方法进行。

Time:The test-time points, generally three, are expressed in hours. 时间:测试时间点,通常是3个,以小时为单位。

DELAYED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS NOT ACCEPTED BY THE JAPANESE PHARMACOPOEIA日本药典未收录的迟释制剂

Use Method A or Method B and the apparatus specified in the individual monograph . All test times stated are to be observed within a tolerance of ±2%, unless otherwise specified.

按照各论中的规定,使用方法A或方法B。除另有规定外,所有测试时间与规定相差不得过±2%。

Method A Procedure (unless otherwise directed in the individual monograph)

方法A程序(除各论中另有规定外)

ACID STAGE酸阶段

Place 750 mL of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid in the vessel, and assemble the apparatus. Allow the medium to equilibrate to a temperature of 37 ± 0.5°. Place 1 dosage unit in the apparatus, cover the vessel, and operate the apparatus at the specified rate given in the monograph .

向容器中加入0.1N的盐酸750mL,组装设备。将介质平衡在37±0.5℃。将1单位剂量的药品加入设备中,盖上容器,依照各论中规定的速率启动设备。After 2 h of operation in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, withdraw an aliquot of the fluid, and proceed immediately as directed in the Buffer Stage.

在0.1N的盐酸中搅拌2小时后,吸取一份试样溶液,然后立即按照缓冲液阶段的说明继续操作。

Perform an analysis of the aliquot using a suitable assay method. The procedure is specified in the individual monograph.

以适合的方法测试试样。测试方法在各论中给出。

BUFFER STAGE缓冲液阶段

[ N OTE—Complete the operations of adding the buffer and adjusting the pH within 5 min. ] With the apparatus operating at the rate specified in the monograph , add to the fluid in the vessel 250 mL of 0.20 M tribasic sodium phosphate that has been equilibrated to 37 ±0.5°. Adjust, if necessary, with 2 N hydrochloric acid or 2 N sodium hydroxide to a pH of 6.8 ± 0.05. Continue to operate the apparatus for 45 min, or for the specified time given in the individual monograph . At the end of the time period, withdraw an aliquot of the fluid, and perform the analysis using a suitable assay method. The procedure is specified in the individual monograph. The test may be concluded in a shorter time period than that specified for the Buffer Stage if the requirement for the minimum amount dissolved is met at an earlier time.

[注:加入缓冲液和调节pH的操作应在5分钟内完成。]设备在各论中规定的速率下运行,向容器中加入250mL预先平衡在37±0.5℃的0.20M的磷酸钠。必要时用2N的盐酸或2N的氢氧化钠调节pH至6.8±0.05。继续运转45分钟或各论中给定的时间。到时间后,吸取一份试样溶液,以适合的方法测试。测试方法在各论中给出。如果缓冲液阶段的最小溶出量已提前达到,测试可以提前结束。

Method B Procedure (unless otherwise directed in the individual monograph)

方法B程序(除各论中另有规定外)

ACID STAGE酸阶段

Place 1000 mL of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid in the vessel, and assemble the apparatus. Allow the medium to equilibrate to a temperature of 37 ±0.5°. Place 1 dosage unit in the apparatus, cover the vessel, and operate the apparatus at the rate specified in the monograph . After 2 h of operation in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, withdraw an aliquot of the fluid, and proceed immediately as directed in the Buffer Stage.

向容器中加入0.1N的盐酸1000mL,组装设备。将介质平衡在37±0.5℃。将

1单位剂量的药品加入设备中,盖上容器,依照各论中规定的速率启动设备。在0.1N的盐酸中搅拌2小时后,吸取一份试样溶液,然后立即按照缓冲液阶段的说明继续操作。

Perform an analysis of the aliquot using a suitable assay method. The procedure is specified in the individual monograph.

以适合的方法测试试样。测试方法在各论中给出。

BUFFER STAGE缓冲液阶段

[ N OTE—For this stage of the procedure, use buffer that previously has been equilibrated to a temperature of 37 ± 0.5°. ] Drain the acid

from the vessel, and add to the vessel 1000 mL of pH 6.8 phosphate buffer, prepared by mixing 0.1 N hydrochloric acid with 0.20 M tribasic sodium phosphate (3:1) and adjusting, if necessary, with 2 N hydrochloric acid or 2 N sodium hydroxide to a pH of 6.8 ± 0.05. [N OTE—This may also be accomplished by removing from the apparatus the vessel containing the acid, then replacing it with another vessel containing the buffer, and transferring the dosage unit to the vessel containing the buffer. ] [注:此阶段使用预先平衡在37±0.5℃的缓冲液。]抽干容器中的酸液,加入1000mL pH6.8的磷酸盐缓冲液(0.1N盐酸加0.20M磷酸钠,3:1)。必要时用2N的盐酸或2N的氢氧化钠调节pH至6.8±0.05。[注:也可以将设备中盛装酸液的容器移出,换以另一盛装缓冲液的容器,将药剂转移到缓冲液容器中。] Continue to operate the apparatus for 45 min, or for the specified time given in the individual monograph . At the end of the time period, withdraw an aliquot of the fluid, and perform the analysis using a suitable assay method. The procedure is specified in the individual monograph. The test may be concluded in a shorter time period than that specified for the Buffer Stage if the requirement for minimum amount dissolved is met at an earlier time.

继续运转45分钟或各论中给定的时间。到时间后,吸取一份试样溶液,以适合的方法测试。测试方法在各论中给出。如果缓冲液阶段的最小溶出量已提前达到,测试可以提前结束。

Apparatus 3 (Reciprocating Cylinder) 第3法(往复圆筒法)

NOT ACCEPTED BY THE JAPANESE PHARMACOPOEIA IMMEDIATE-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS日本药典未收录的速释制剂

Place the stated volume of the Dissolution medium in each vessel of the apparatus, assemble the apparatus, equilibrate the Dissolution medium to 37 ± 0.5°, and remove the thermometer. Place 1 dosage form unit in each of the six reciprocating cylinders, taking care to exclude air bubbles from the surface of each dosage unit, and immediately operate the apparatus as specified in the individual monograph . During the upward and downward strokes, the reciprocating cylinder moves through a total distance of 9.9–10.1 cm. Within the time interval specified, or at each of the times stated, raise the reciprocating cylinders and withdraw a portion of the solution under test from a zone midway between the surface of the Dissolution medium and the bottom of each vessel. Perform the analysis as directed in the individual monograph . If necessary, repeat the test with additional dosage-form units.

将指定量的溶出介质加入到设备的每个容器中,组装好设备,平衡溶出介质温度在37±0.5℃,移出温度计。在6个往复圆筒中分别加入1单位剂量的药品,注意避免表面产生气泡。立即按照各论中规定的速率开动设备。在上行和下行冲程中,往复圆筒移动的总距离为9.9到10.1cm。在规定的时间间隔或者每个给定的时间点,抬起往复圆筒,从溶出介质的表面到容器底部的中点区域取出一部分测试溶液。按照各论中的规定测试。必要时重复测试更多份的样品。

Forms in Apparatus 1 and Apparatus 2.

溶出介质:同第1法和第2法下立即释放制剂项下处理。

Time:Proceed as directed for Immediate-Release Dosage Forms in Apparatus 1 and Apparatus 2.

时间:同第1法和第2法下立即释放制剂项下处理。

EXTENDED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS缓释制剂

Proceed as directed for Immediate-Release Dosage Forms in Apparatus 3.

同第3法下速释制剂项下处理。

Dissolution medium:Proceed as directed for Extended-Release Dosage Forms in Apparatus 1 and Apparatus 2.

溶出介质:同第1法和第2法下缓释制剂项下处理。

Time:Proceed as directed for Extended-Release Dosage Forms in Apparatus 1 and Apparatus 2.

时间:同第1法和第2法下缓释制剂项下处理。

DELAYED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS迟释制剂

Proceed as directed for Delayed-Release Dosage Forms, Method B in Apparatus 1 and Apparatus 2, using one row of vessels for the acid stage media and the following row of vessels for the buffer stage media, and using the volume of medium specified (usually 300 mL).

同第1法和第2法下迟释制剂方法B项下处理。酸性阶段使用一排容器,缓冲液阶段使用另一排容器。使用规定体积的介质(通常为300mL)。

Time:Proceed as directed for Immediate-Release Dosage Forms in Apparatus 1 and Apparatus 2.

时间:同第1法和第2法下立即释放制剂项下处理。

Apparatus 4 (Flow-Through Cell) 第4法(流通池法)

IMMEDIATE-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS速释制剂

Place the glass beads into the cell specified in the monograph . Place 1 dosage unit on top of the beads or, if specified in the monograph , on a wire carrier. Assemble the filter head, and fix the parts together by means of a suitable clamping device. Introduce by the pump the Dissolution medium warmed to 37 ± 0.5° through the bottom of the cell to obtain the flow rate specified in the individual monograph and measured with an accuracy of 5%. Collect the eluate by fractions at each of the times stated. Perform the analysis as directed in the individual monograph . Repeat the test with additional dosage form units.

依照规定将玻璃珠装入流通池。将1单位剂量的药品置于玻璃珠上。如果

各论中另有规定,也可置于载具上。装上过滤头,用合适的夹子夹紧。平衡在37±0.5℃的溶出介质被泵由下而上泵入流通池,流速按各论中的规定,精确到5%。在每个给定的时间点收集浸出液。按照各论中的规定进行分析。重复试验以测试更多的剂量单元。

Forms in Apparatus 1 and Apparatus 2.

溶出介质:同第1法和第2法下立即释放制剂项下处理。

Time:Proceed as directed for Immediate-Release Dosage Forms in Apparatus 1 and Apparatus 2.

时间:同第1法和第2法下立即释放制剂项下处理。

EXTENDED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS缓释制剂

Proceed as directed for Immediate-Release Dosage Forms in Apparatus 4.

同第4法立即释放制剂项下处理。

Dissolution medium:Proceed as directed for Immediate-Release Dosage Forms in Apparatus 4.

溶出介质:同第4法下立即释放制剂项下处理。

Time:Proceed as directed for Immediate-Release Dosage Forms in Apparatus 4.

时间:同第4法下立即释放制剂项下处理。

DELAYED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS迟释制剂

Proceed as directed for Delayed-Release Dosage Forms in Apparatus 1 and Apparatus 2, using the specified media.

同第1法和第2法下迟释制剂项下处理。

Time:Proceed as directed for Delayed-Release Dosage Forms in Apparatus 1 and Apparatus 2.

时间:同第1法和第2法下迟释制剂项下处理。

INTERPRETATION判断

Immediate-Release Dosage Forms速释制剂

Unless otherwise specified in the individual monograph , the requirements are met if the quantities of active ingredient dissolved from the dosage units tested conform to Acceptance Table 1. Continue testing through the three stages unless the results conform at either S1or S2. The quantity, Q, is the amount of dissolved active ingredient specified in the individual monograph , expressed as a percentage of the labeled content of the dosage unit; the 5%, 15%, and 25% values in Acceptance Table 1are percentages of the labeled content so that these values and Q are in the same terms.

除各论中另有规定外,如果制剂单位中溶出的活性成分的量达到接受限度表1中的规定,认为合格。连续测试3个阶段,除非结果符合S1或S2的限度。溶出量Q指各论中规定的活性成分溶出的量,以标示量的百分比表示。限度表1中的5%,15%和25%是指标示量的百分比,和Q相同。

Acceptance Table 1

位少于Q -15%,没有任一单位少于Q -25%. Immediate-Release Dosage Forms Pooled Sample立即释放制剂集合样品Unless otherwise specified in the individual monograph, the

S 1S

2

S

3

Q

Extended-Release Dosage Forms缓释制剂

Unless otherwise specified in the individual monograph, the requirements are met if the quantities of active ingredient dissolved from the dosage units tested conform to Acceptance Table 2. Continue testing through the three levels unless the results conform at either L1or L2. Limits on the amounts of active ingredient dissolved are expressed in terms of the percentage of labeled content. The limits embrace each value of Q i, the amount dissolved at each specified fractional dosing interval. Where more than one range is specified in the individual monograph, the acceptance criteria apply individually to each range.

除各论中另有规定外,如果制剂单位中溶出的活性成分的量达到接受限度表2中的规定,认为合格。连续测试3个等级,除非结果符合L1或L2的限度。

活性成分溶出量的限度以标示量的百分比的形式给出。限度包含每个规定给药间隔所测得的溶出量Q i。如果各论中规定了不止一个范围,接受限度适用于每个范围。

Acceptance Table 2

NOT ACCEPTED BY THE JAPANESE PHARMACOPOEIA日本药典未收录

Acid stage:Unless otherwise specified in the individual monograph, the requirements of this portion of the test are met if the quantities, based on the percentage of the labeled content, of active ingredient dissolved from the units tested conform to Acceptance Table 3. Continue testing through all levels unless the results of both the Acid stage and Buffer stage conform at an earlier level.

酸阶段:除各论中另有规定外,如果被测单元中活性成分的溶出量相对于标示量的百分比达到接受限度表3的规定,则认为此阶段结果合格。连续测试全部等级除非酸阶段和缓冲液阶段的结果均符合更早的等级。

Acceptance Table 3

有任一单位超过25%投入量。

Buffer stage:Unless otherwise specified in the individual monograph, the requirements are met if the quantities of active ingredient dissolved from the units tested conform to Acceptance Table 4. Continue testing through the three levels unless the results of both stages conform at an earlier level. The value of Q in Acceptance Table 4is 75% dissolved unless otherwise specified in the individual monograph. The quantity, Q, specified in the individual monograph is the total amount of active ingredient dissolved in both the Acid stage and the Buffer stage, expressed as a percentage of the labeled content. The 5%, 15%, and 25% values in Acceptance Table 4are percentages of the labeled content so that these values and Q are in the same terms.

缓冲液阶段:除各论中另有规定外,如果制剂单位中溶出的活性成分的量达到限度表4中的规定,认为合格。连续测试3个等级除非两个阶段的结果均符合更早的等级。限度表4中的Q值为75%除非各论中另有规定。各论中给出的Q的量指酸阶段和缓冲液阶段溶出量之和,以标示量的百分比表示。限度表4中的5%,15%和25%是指标示量的百分比,和Q相同。

Acceptance Table 4

美国药典简介

美国药典简介 1. 标题和修订(Title and Revision). 9 2. 药典地位和法律认可(Official status and legal recognition)9 2.10 药典正文(Official Text) 9 2.20 药典物品(Official Articles). 9 2.30 法律认可(Legal Recognition). 10 3. 与标准的符合性(Conformance to standard). 10 3.10 标准的适用性(Applicability of standard) 10 3.10.10 制剂、原料药、辅料的标准的适用性(Applicability of Standards to Drug Products, Dru g Substances, and Excipients). 10 3.10.20 医疗器械、营养补充剂、以及其组成成分的标准的适用性(Applicability of Standards to Medical Devices, Dietary Supplements, and Their Components and Ingredients)11 3.20 一致性的标示(Indicating Conformance). 11 4. 药典各论和通则(Monographs and general chapters)12 4.10 各论(Monographs) 12 4.10.10 检测程序的适用性(Applicability of Test Procedures) 12 4.10.20 接受标准(Acceptance Criteria) 12 4.20 附录(General Chapter). 12 5. 各论组成(Monograph Components). 13 5.10 分子式(Molecular formula). 13 5.20 附加物质、赋形剂、组分(Added Substances, Excipients, and Ingredients) 13 5.20.10官方原料药中附加的物质、赋形剂、组分(Added Substances, Excipients, and Ingredien ts in Official Substances). 13 5.20.20官方制剂中的附加物质、赋形剂、组分(Added Substances, Excipients, and Ingredients in Official Products). 13 5.30 性状和溶解性(Description and Solubility). 14

美国药典-溶出方法

711 DISSOLUTION This general chapter is harmonized with the corresponding texts of the European Pharmacopoeia and/or the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. These pharmacopeias have undertaken not to make any unilateral change to this harmonized chapter. Portions of the present general chapter text that are national USP text, and therefore not part of the harmonized text, are marked with symbols () to specify this fact. This test is provided to determine compliance with the dissolution requirements where stated in the individual monograph for dosage forms administered orally. In this general chapter, a dosage unit is defined as 1 tablet or 1 capsule or the amount specified. Of the types of apparatus described herein, use the one specified in the individual monograph. Where the label states that an article is enteric-coated, and where a dissolution or disintegration test that does not specifically state that it is to be applied to delayed-release articles is included in the individual monograph, the procedure and interpretation given for Delayed-Release Dosage Forms is applied unless otherwise specified in the individual monograph. For hard or soft gelatin capsules and gelatin-coated tablets that do not conform to the Dissolution specification, repeat the test as follows. Where water or a medium with a pH of less than 6.8 is specified as the Medium in the individual monograph, the same Medium specified may be used with the addition of purified pepsin that results in an activity of 750,000 Units or less per 1000 mL. For media with a pH of 6.8 or greater, pancreatin can be added to produce not more than 1750 USP Units of protease activity per 1000 mL. USP R EFERENCE S TANDARDS11—USP Chlorpheniramine Maleate Extended-Release Tablets RS. USP Prednisone Tablets RS. APPARATUS Apparatus 1 (Basket Apparatus) The assembly consists of the following: a vessel, which may be covered, made of glass or other inert, transparent material1; a motor; a metallic drive shaft; and a cylindrical basket. The vessel is partially immersed in a suitable water bath of any convenient size or heated by a suitable device such as a heating jacket. The water bath or heating device permits holding the temperature inside the vessel at 37 ± 0.5 during the test and keeping the bath fluid in constant, smooth motion. No part of the assembly, including the environment in which the assembly is placed, contributes significant motion, agitation, or vibration beyond that due to

片剂溶出度实验报告数据

竭诚为您提供优质文档/双击可除片剂溶出度实验报告数据 篇一:片剂溶出度的测定 片剂溶出度的测定 转篮法 1.仪器装置 中国药典收录的转篮法装置如图10—11所示。 (1)转篮分篮体与篮轴两部分,均为不锈钢等金属材料制成。篮体A由不锈钢丝网(丝径为0.254mm,孔径0.425mm)焊接而成,呈圆柱形,内径为20.2±0.1mm,上下两端都有金属边缘。篮轴b的直径为9.4~10.1mm,轴的末端连一金属片,作为转篮的盖;盖上有通气孔(孔径 2.omm);盖边系两层,上层外径与转篮外径同,下层直径与转篮内径同;盖上的三个弹簧片与中心呈120o。转篮旋转时摆动幅度不得超过±1.omm。 (2)操作容器为1000ml的圆底烧杯,内径为98~106mm,高160~175mm,烧杯上有一有机玻璃盖,盖上有2孔,中心孔为篮轴的位置,另一孔供取样或测温度用。为使操作容器

保持恒温,应外套水浴,水浴的温度应能使容器内溶剂的温度保持在37±0.5℃。转篮底部离烧杯底部的距离为25±2mm。 (3)电动机与篮轴相连,转速可任意调节在每分钟50~200转,稳速误差不超过±4%。运动时整套装置应保持平稳,不得晃动或振动。 (4)仪器应装有6套操作装置,可一次测定6份供试品。取样点位置应在转篮上端距液面中间,离烧杯壁lomm处。 (5)转篮防腐涂料不得在测定用溶剂中溶蚀。 2.测定法 除另有规定外,量取经脱气处理的溶剂900ml,注人每 个操作容器内,加温使溶剂温度保持在37±o.5℃,调整转 速使其稳定。取供试品6片(个),分别投入6个转篮内,将转篮降入容器中,立即开始计时,除另有规定外,至45min 时,在规定取样点吸取溶液适量,立即经0.8/μm微孔滤 膜滤过,自取样至滤过应在30s内完成。取续滤液,照各药品项下规定的方法测定,计算每片(个)的溶出量。 第三节溶出度测定法-page2 3.结果判断 6片(个)中每片(个)的溶出量,按标示含量计算,均应 不低于规定限度(Q)。如6片(个)中仅有1~2片(个)低于规定限度,但不低于Q-10%(百分数均依标示量为基数),且其平均溶出量不低于规定限度时,仍可判为符合规定。如6片

溶出度检查法美国药典USP-711

<711> DISSOLUTION 溶出度 (USP39-NF34 Page 540) General chapter Dissolution <711> is being harmonized with the corresponding texts of the European Pharmacopoeia and/or the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. These pharmacopeias have undertaken to not make any unilateral change to this harmonized chapter. 通则<711>溶出度与欧盟药典和日本药典中的相应部分相统一。这三部药典承诺不做单方面的修改。 Portions of the present general chapter text that are national USP text, and therefore not part of the harmonized text, are marked with symbols to specify this fact. 本章中的部分文字为本国USP内容,并没有与其他药典统一。此部分以()标注。 This test is provided to determine compliance with the dissolution requirements where stated in the individual monograph for dosage forms administered orally. In this general chapter, a dosage unit is defined as 1 tablet or 1 capsule or the amount specified. Of the types of apparatus designs described herein, use the one specified in the individual monograph. Where the label states that an article is enteric coated and a dissolution or disintegration test does not specifically state that it is to be applied to delayed-release articles and is included in the individual monograph, the procedure and interpretation given for Delayed-Release Dosage Forms are applied, unless otherwise specified in the individual monograph. 本测试用于检测药品口服制剂的溶出度是否符合各论中的规定。本章中,除另有规定外,单位制剂定义为1片或1粒胶囊。对于本章中所述多种仪器,使用各论中规定的种类。除各论中另有规定外,如果检品是肠溶衣片且各论中的溶出度或崩解时限检查项下没有特别指出适用迟释剂的,使用本章中适用于迟释剂的流程和解释。 FOR DOSAGE FORMS CONTAINING OR COATED WITH GELATIN涂有或包含明胶的剂型 If the dosage form containing gelatin does not meet the criteria in the appropriate Acceptance Table (see Interpretation, Immediate-Release Dosage Forms, Extended-Release Dosage Forms, or Delayed-Release Dosage Forms) because of evidence of the presence of cross-linking, the dissolution procedure should be repeated with the addition of enzymes to the medium, as described below, and the dissolution results should be evaluated starting at the first stage of the appropriate Acceptance Table. It is not necessary to continue testing through the last stage (up to 24 units) when criteria are not met during the first stage testing, and evidence of cross-linking is observed. 如果剂型中含有明胶,其不符合验收表中的标准(见判断,速释制剂,延释制剂,缓释制剂),因为存在明胶交联结合作用,它的溶解过程与外加的媒介酶是重复的,见下面的描述,并且溶解结果可以通过适当的验收表的开始的第一阶段标准进行评估。如果溶出结果不满足第一阶段的测试标准,那么就没有必要继续测试到最后阶段,并且也证明了明胶交联结合作用的存在。

溶出度测定方法

影响因素试验的溶出度测定 测定方法参照美国药典盐酸二甲双胍缓释片质量标准。 照释放度测定法(中国药典2010年版二部附录X D第一法),采用溶出度测定法(中国药典2010年版二部附录XC第一法蓝法)的装置,以pH6.8磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(1000ml水中加入6.8g磷酸二氢钾,用0.2N的氢氧化钠溶液调pH为6.8 ± 0.1)1000ml为溶剂,转速为每分钟100转,按溶出度测定法依法操作。分别于预定时间取溶液5ml滤过(并及时向溶出杯中补充同温度的溶剂5ml),取续滤液用释放介质稀释至适当浓度,照紫外分光光度法(中国药典2010版二部附录IV A),在232nm处测定吸光度。另精密称取盐酸二甲双胍对照品适量,用释放介质配制成约5μg/ml浓度的溶液作为对照品溶液,计算出每片的释放度。 一、溶出介质的配制 用电子天平称量磷酸二氢钾(固体)xxxg,氢氧化钠(固体)xxxg,置1000ml 烧杯中,用800ml蒸馏水溶解后,倒入10L广口瓶中,再用蒸馏水稀释至10L,配得缓冲介质。 二、对照品溶液的配制 各置于100ml容量瓶中,用溶出介质溶解并定溶至刻度;用1ml移液管各精密量取1ml至50ml容量瓶中,用溶出介质定溶至刻度。. 各样品称量值自己列出。 三、试验过程 向溶出仪6个溶出杯中各加入1000ml已配好的溶出介质,加热,待溶出杯中溶液温度达到37℃后,将6片药片同时放到6个溶出杯中后,立即开始搅拌并计时。在1h、3h、5h、7h、10h时,用10ml的注射器各取样5ml,同时向溶出杯中补加同温度溶出介质5ml。 1h、3h样品取出后,过0.45um微孔滤膜,弃去2ml初滤液,取3ml续滤液;1h样品稀释25倍后测其吸光度;3h样品稀释50倍后测其吸光度。 四、实验结果见下表 计算公式:(1)校正因子f f=(f1+f2+f3)/3 f1=C1/A1; f2=C2/A2; f3=C3/A3 C1、C2、C3:三份对照品的浓度 A1、A2、A3:三份对照品的吸光度 (2)累积释放度 result=(f*A*n*v+C1h*5+ C3h*5+…..)*v*100/m

溶出度与释放度的区别

溶出度与释放度的区别公司内部档案编码:[OPPTR-OPPT28-OPPTL98-OPPNN08]

溶出度系指药物从片剂或胶囊剂等固体制剂在规定溶剂中溶出的速度和程度。释放度系指口服药物从缓释制剂、控释制剂,肠溶制剂及透皮贴剂等在规定溶剂中释放的速度和程度。溶出度一般是针对普通制剂而言,看药物在一定的时间内是否能够释放出来。一般测一个点。释放度主要针对特殊制剂(包括缓控释制剂),测试时最少测三个点,第一个点看药物有没有突释,第二个点是药物释放一半左右的点,主要考察药物释放的特征,第三个点则是考察药物释放是否完全。难溶药物检查溶出度,易溶药物检查崩解时限,检查溶出度的药物就不需要再检查崩解时限。 1. 对于确定的药物,如何选择“崩解时限”与“溶出度”在上篇指导原则中介绍了固体口服制剂是否建立溶出度的判断方法:①如果制剂设计为修饰释放,则需建立释放度的标准(包括缓释、控释、胃溶和肠溶等)②如果制剂没有设计为修饰释放,则做如下考察: 考察一次剂量的原料药在37±0.5℃,pH1.2-6.8范围内, 在不多于 250ml水中是否完全溶解。如果不溶解,则建立单时间点的溶出度检查标准,如果溶解,则继续考察③以上考察的意义在于原料药的溶解性是综合剂量和胃容量来考虑的, 即验证一次服用量的原料药在胃中 (250ml)是否完全溶解。这使一些溶解性能并不好、但剂量小, 在 250ml中可以完全溶解的药品可选择做崩解时限而不做溶出度检查。 ③该制剂在15分钟内,在pH1.2、4.0、6.8条件下能否达到80%以上的溶出量。如果达不到80%的溶出量,则建立单时间点的溶出度检查标准;如果能达到80%的溶出量,则继续考察④③步考察的意义为在考察原

TOC美国药典

通常有两中方法来测量TOC。一种方法:确定TOC是用TC(测量得到的总碳量,即有机碳和非有机碳的总和)减去IC(测量得到的有机碳量): TOC=TC-IC。 另一种方法,是在开始测量各种碳之前,先清除掉样品中的IC(有机碳量)。然而,清除IC这一步也会除掉一部分有机分子,这部分有机分子被重新收集,氧化成CO2,定量为易除去的有机碳(POC)。样品中残留的有机物质也被氧化成CO2,定量为不易除去的有机碳(NPOC)。在这种方法中,TOC是POC和NPOC 的和: TOC=POC+NPOC。 在制药用水中,可以忽略不记POC的量。所以,在此方法中,NPOC相当于TOC。装置要求。使用一个在线或在非在线的实验室用校准的仪器测试。修正系统适应性,按下列描述定期进行。装置必须有特定的检测限度,含碳0.05mg/l(0.05ppm)或更低。 USP标准品--USP蔗糖标准品;USP1,4--苯醌标准品。 试剂水。使用总有机碳TOC不超过0.1mg/l的水。 [注意—可能对电导率有要求以保证方法的可靠性。] 玻璃器具准备。玻璃器具类的有机污染会导致较高的TOC值。所以要使用已经谨慎除去有机物质的玻璃器具和样品盛器。任何能够有效祛除有机物质的方法都可使用。用试剂水(TOC不超过0.1mg/l的水)最后冲洗玻璃器具。 标准溶液。精密称量USP蔗糖标准品,溶解于试剂水(TOC不超过0.1mg/l的水)中,获得浓度为每升含1.2mg蔗糖的溶液(既含碳0.50mg/l)。 供试溶液。[注意—在取样时要极其小心。水样在采集和移至实验设备的过程中都容易被污染。]采集供试水于一个密闭容器中,留有最小的顶空。尽快检查,减少来自容器和密封系统的污染。 系统适应性溶液。溶解精密称量的USP1,4--苯醌标准品于试剂水(TOC不超过0.1mg/l的水)中,获得一个浓度为0.75 mg/l的溶液(含碳0.50 mg/l)。 试剂水控制。使用一定数量的,在配制标准溶液和系统适应性溶液时用的TOC 水。 空白溶液。除了TOC水,还要配制适宜的空白溶液或其他溶液以建立基线或为校准调整用。进样适宜的空白溶液,调零仪器。 系统适应性。用装置检测,记录TOC水(r w),标准溶液(r s)。计算校正标准溶液值,也就是限度值,方法是用标准溶液的值减去TOC的值。理论限度,即含碳0.50 mg/l,等于校正过的标准溶液的值,r s- r w。系统适应性溶液(r ss). 计算校正后的系统适应性溶液值,方法是用系统适应性溶液的值减去TOC的值,r ss- r w。计算效率百分比: r ss- r w ×100 r s- r w 如果效率在理论值的85%~115%之间,系统适应。 步骤。检测供试溶液,记录r u。如果不大于r s- r w,符合实验。 本方法也适用在线仪器,仪器已经校准并具有可接受的系统适应性。安装位置和读数必须反映用水的水质。

中、美、英三国新版药典溶出度、释放度检查方法比较

中、美、英三国新版药典溶出度、释放度检查方法比较 许鸣镝胡琴 摘要:目的通过对中国药典、美国药典和英国药典中溶出度、释放度测定方法的比较,使广大药物分析工作者了解其异同,为新药开发及进出口检验服务。方法就其历史沿革,最新版所采用的仪器装置和结果判定等方面进行比较和讨论。结果三国药典收载的仪器装置各有异同,结果判定差异较大,应引起注意。结论如何能准确有效地监控药物释放过程,仍是有待深入研究和完善的课题。 关键词溶出度;释放度;中国药典;美国药典;英国药典 中图分类号:R921 文献标识码:E 文章编号:1001-2494(2000)07-0491-04 溶出度和释放度是指药物从片剂、胶囊剂和其它缓释、控释制剂中,在规定介质内,在一定条件下的溶出速度和溶出程度,是评价药物制剂质量的内在指标,是制剂质量控制的重要手段。 在药检工作中,经常要查阅中国药典、美国药典和英国药典。中国药典是我国药品的最高法典,而美国药典和英国药典由于历史悠久,技术先进又具有代表性,在世界各国有较大影响。有些国家没有药典,而以美国药典和英国药典为标准,在世界药品贸易中也常以其标准来要求。综观新版三国药典所收载的溶出度、释放度检查方法在很多方面趋向一致,但又在某些方面存在差别。下面仅就其历史沿革,最新版所采用的仪器装置和结果判定要求等方面进行比较和讨论。 1 历史沿革 1.1 中国药典 中国药典在1985年版引入溶出度检查法时,设定篮法、桨法及类似于流室法的装置等3种装置,1990年版仅保留了前2种装置,1995年版中增订了小杯法装置,并引入了释放度检查法,至2000年版又增加了测定透皮贴剂释放度所需的桨碟装置,方法发展很快。 1.2 美国药典 美国药典自1970年版(第18版)率先引入溶出度检查法,最初只设转篮法装置,且无图例。1975年版(第19版)增加了转篮法的图例,但与现在试验的篮法装置也不相同。1980年版(第20版)增设了桨法装置和改造后的崩解仪两种装置,未给出图例,也无统一的仪器配件尺寸规格。1985年版(第21版)起,规定了与现在溶出度试验所用篮法、桨法相同的装置,并引入释放度检查法,对缓释、肠溶制剂的溶出进行监控,装置与溶出度检查装置相同。1990年版(第22版)在上述规定的基础上,又增加了测定透皮贴剂的三种装置:桨碟法(paddle over disk),筒法(cylinder)及往复碟法(reciprocating disk)。至美国药典1995年版(第23版),用于溶出度、释放度测定的仪器增至7种,而最新版2000年版(第24版)在此基础上又进一步在设备上增加和完善,以适应更多剂型的要求。目前美国药典第24版已成为收载溶出度、释放度测定方法最多,规定最为详尽的药典。 1.3 英国药典 英国药典在1973年版中规定了地高辛片的溶出度和释放度检查,在1988年版引入溶出度检查法,设篮法、桨法两种装置,1993年版增加流室法装置,但未规定药物释放度检查法。在1998年版中,有关内容变化较大,按国际协调会(ICH)提出的要求,将试验片(个)数由5改为6,还增加了透皮贴剂的溶出度测定法(dissolution test for transdermal patches),并相应规定了3种装置。 由三国药典溶出度和释放度检查法的历史沿革可见,随着药品品种的增加,各国药典对药品的溶出度,释放度检查越来越重视,要求也越来越严格。最新版三国药典各论中收载的溶出度、释放度检查品种数量见表1。 表1

实验室溶出度测定法规程

实验室溶出度测定法规程

实验室溶出度测定法规程 目的:建立溶出度测定法标准操作规程。 适用范围:溶出度测定。 责任:质检员实施本操作规程,检验室主任负责监督本规程正确执行。 程序: 1.简述 1.1溶出度(中国药典2000年版二部附录X C)是指药物从片剂或胶囊剂等口服固体制剂在规定溶剂中溶出的速度和程度。它是评价药物口服固体制剂质量的一个指标,是一种模拟口服固体制剂在胃肠道中崩解和溶出的体外简易试验方法。 1.2溶出度测定法是将某种固体制剂的一定量分别置于溶出度仪的转篮(或烧杯)中,在37.0±0.5℃恒温下,在规定的转速、溶剂中依法操作,在规定的时间内测定其溶出的量。 1.3本方法适用于片剂、胶囊剂及颗粒剂的测定。 1.4中国药典2000年版收载三种测定方法,第一法转篮法第二法桨法及第三法小杯法。 1.5凡检查溶出度的制剂,不再进行崩解时限的检查。 2.仪器与用具 2.1溶出度仪 2.1.1仪器的组成溶出度仪主要由电动机、恒温水 浴、篮体、篮轴、搅拌桨、圆底烧杯及杯盖组成,详见中国药典2000年版二部附录X C。 2.1.2仪器的装置与使用按仪器使用说明书及中国药

典的规定进行安装与使用。 2.1.3仪器的校正为使同一药物的溶出度测定得到良好的再现性,应对新安装的溶出度仪采用溶出度校正片进行校正,对已使用过的仪器也应定期(或在出现异常情况时)进行校正。 2.1. 3.1溶出度校正片分崩解型和非崩解型两种,崩解型为泼尼松片,非崩解型为水杨酸片。目前国内仅有非崩解型校正片。 2.1. 3.2校正前,应先调式所用仪器。 2.1. 3.3溶剂:磷酸盐缓冲液(PH7.4)。配制方法见中国药典2000年版二部附录XV D,要求PH值为7.40±0.05,临用前脱气。 2.1. 3.4对照品溶液的制备取溶出度校正用水杨酸片1片,精密称定,置乳体中,研细,精密称取适量(约相当于水杨酸10mg),置100ml量瓶中,加乙醇1ml,摇匀,加溶剂适量,经超声处理30分钟,使水杨酸溶解,加溶剂到刻度,摇匀,经滤纸(不宜使用滤膜)滤过,取续滤液为对照品溶液。(对照应做2份平行试验) 2.1. 3.5校正溶液的制备取溶剂各900ml,分别注入每个操作容器中,温度保持在37±0.5℃,按规定(桨法为50转/分钟;篮法为100转/分钟)调整转速。取溶出度校正用水杨酸片6片,分别精密称定,分置6个容器中,自药片接触溶出介质时,开始计时,并分别在10、15、20、25和30分钟时取样(连续取样不停机),每次抽取2ml(及时补充溶剂2ml),各自经滤纸滤过(六个小漏斗和六张滤纸,连续使用,每次滤过后,漏斗底部应无液体存在),取续滤液为校正溶液。 2.1. 3.6测定法精密吸取对照品溶液及校正溶液各

溶出度测定法

1.目的 建立溶出度测定法操作规程。 2.适用范围 本规程适用于溶出度测定法。 3.编制依据 《药品生产质量管理规范(1998年修订)》国家药品监督管理局(1999)4.责任 QC主管、QC质检员对本规程的实施负责。 5.正文 5.1简述 5.1.1溶出度(中国药典2010年版二部附录X C)是指药物从片剂\胶囊剂或颗粒剂等固体制剂在规定条件中溶出速率和程度。它是评价药物口服固体制剂质量的一个指标,是一种模拟口服固体制剂在胃肠道中崩解和溶出的体外简易试验方法。 5.1.2溶出度测定法是将某种固体制剂的一定量分别置于溶出度仪的转篮(或烧杯)中,在37.0±0.5℃恒温下,在规定的转速、溶剂中依法操作,在规定的时间内测定其溶出量。 5.1.3中国药典2010年版收载三种测定方法,第一法转篮法,第二法桨法及第三法小杯法。 5.1.4除另有规定外,凡检查溶出度的制剂,不再进行崩解时限的检查。 5.2仪器与用具 5.2.1溶出度仪 5.2.1.1仪器原组成溶出度仪主要由电动机、恒温水浴、篮体、篮轴、搅拌桨、圆底烧杯及杯盖组成,详见中国药典2010年版二部附录X C。 5.2.1.2仪器的装置与使用按仪器使用说明书及中国药典的规定进行安装与使用。5.2.1.3仪器的校正为使药物的溶出度测定结果准确、可靠,应对新安装的溶出度仪采用溶出度校正片进行校正,对已使用过的仪器也应定期(或在出现异常情况时)进行校正。 5.2.1.4仪器的调试 5.2.1.4.1检查仪器水平及转动轴的垂直度与偏心度(使用水平以检查仪器是否处于水平状态;转轴的垂直程度应与容器中心线相吻合,用直角三角板检查转动轴与溶出杯平

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(毒性、副作用、剂量)方向发展。 国外药典从70年代就相继收载了溶出检查法,我国在1985年版药典中正式收载了溶出度检查,这些年来,各国药典收载溶出度检查的品种呈上升趋势。2010年版药典加大了对药物溶出度的检查。这也本身是对药品质量标准的提高。也是多数人写论文的一个不错的方向。 溶出度在药品生产检验、临床疗效考察、药品稳定性检验、新药研制、处方筛选、工艺改进等许多方面都要作为考察指标。在美国、英国、日本,溶出度检查实际是指药物固体制剂按照各国药典规定的方法,在一定时间内从固体制剂溶入介质的累计百分率(以被测试剂标示量计算) 。 中国药典(2010 年版) 规定,片剂或硬胶囊制剂45min 的溶出度应大于70 %。一般认为下列药物,必须测定溶出度:(1) 难溶或难吸收的药物;(2) 治疗量与中毒量接近的药物;(3) 要求缓释、控释或长效的药物;(4) 用于治疗严重疾病的药物;(5) 急救、抢救用的药物。但现在溶出度检查已经逐渐普及到一般的药物。 我国药品监管部门对于药品溶出度的要求,是一个时间点、一个溶出介质、一个限度点,与欧美发达国家相比,存在不小差距,日本要测定药物在某一种或两种介质中的溶出度曲线,这也是导致国产药品、尤其仿制药质量参差不齐的一个主因。目前,国内市场上劣药已不多见,所以我们国家也正在考虑提高药品质量标准,来向发达国家靠齐。

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usp美国药典结构梳理

USP35-NF-30结构整理 vivi2010-10-02 USP总目录: 1 New Official Text修订文件 加快修订过程包括勘误表,临时修订声明(IRAS),修订公告。勘误表,临时修订声明,修订公告在USP网站上New Official Text部分刊出,勘误表,临时修订公告也会在PF上刊出2front matter前言 药典与处方集增补删减情况,审核人员,辅料收录情况 3凡例

药典, 1标题和修订 2 药典地位和法律认可 3标准复合性 4专论和通则 5 专论组成 6 检验规范和检验方法 7 测试结果 8 术语和定义 9 处方和配药 10 包装存储与标签 4通则 4.1章节列表 4.2一般检查和含量测定(章节编号小于1000)

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41 砝码和天平 (3)微生物学试验 51 抗菌效力试验 55 生物指示剂:耐受性能试验 61 微生物限度试验 61 非灭菌制品的微生物检查:计数试验 62 非灭菌制品的特定菌检查,如大肠杆菌、金葡菌、沙门氏菌等 71 无菌试验 (4)生物学试验和检定 81 抗生素微生物检定 85 细菌内毒素试验 87 体外生物反应性试验:检查合成橡胶、塑料、高聚物对哺乳类细胞培养的影响 88 体内生物反应性试验:检查上述物质对小鼠、兔iv、ip或肌内植入的影响 91 泛酸钙检定 111 生物检定法的设计和分析 115 右泛醇检定 121 胰岛素检定 141 蛋白质——生物适应试验,用缺蛋白饲料大鼠,观察水解蛋白注射液和氨基酸混合物的作用 151 热原检查法 161 输血、输液器及类似医疗装置的内毒素、热原、无菌检查 171 维生素B12 活性检定 (5)化学试验和检定 A 鉴别试验 181 有机含氮碱的鉴别 191 一般鉴别试验 193 四环素类鉴别 197 分光光度法鉴别试验 201 薄层色谱鉴别试验 B 限量试验

119溶出度测定法

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