高中英语完形填空深入讲解和练习(含答案)

完形填空深入讲解

历年完形填空题特点：

1.语境为主，语法极少，强调应用，注重交际；

2.干扰性强，重细微辨析；

3.实词为主，虚词为辅

4.纵观历年英语高考，会发现有些词和语法点是命题组特别偏爱的，例：

名词:voice, customer; 形容词:surprise, impossible; 副词:immediately, successfully;

动词:go, come, annoy, continue 等经常出现在选项中，且多为正确．

5. 侧重上下关联, 暗示判断能力。

6.文章中出现的词在选项中复现，常为答案．

记叙文

对于叙事，描述类文章。短文的首句，往往点明故事发生的人物(who),时间（when），地点(where)，和事件(what)等背景情况。例：

It was a busy morning，about 8:30,when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital .

……

议论文

1、议论文的设题往往多以上下文为基础，利用承前信息或滞后信息，使读者有所依托。

2、议论文中表达作者态度或看法的词较多，所以，试题中对形容词和副词的考查往往也较多。问题跳跃性较大。我们做题时，既要看事实，又要感悟作者的态度与情感。

对于论述文，首句表明了论述的主题。起到揭示主题的作用。例如：

A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool. A letter can be enjoyed, read and 21 .

……

说明文

1、说明文直白性较强，脉络清晰。

2、说明文的层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。

解题步聚

1、英语完形填空解题步骤速览全文，把握大意。

2、细读首句，摸清文路。

3、瞻前顾后，准确选择。

4、复核全文，调整答案。

做完形填空必须读懂文章，前后逻辑一致；

完形填空每个小题的正确答案都是有充分根据的，可以在文章汇总找到具体的突破口也就是信息点。解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。

完形填空三忌：

1、忌不看首句，直奔空格处作答。

2、忌当做语法填空来做。完形填空很多选项必须根据上下文才能选出，不是孤立的看本句话。

3、忌先入为主，一气呵成。

做题时先填把握的空格，对不是很有把握的先放一放，在后文的到答案或在做完全文后回头看才会获得答案。

技巧

一、首句信息

完形填空通常首句不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，熟悉语言环境，建立正确的思维导向。英语中首句通常是文章的主题句，把握了主旨句对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。

先跳读首句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when, where, who, what，即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事；若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文；若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。

Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland. In an interview, she recalled how she became a percussion soloist (打击乐器独奏演员) in spite of her disability.

本文主要讲述的是苏格兰第一位女打击乐器独奏演员Evelyn Glennie在耳聋的情况下成功学习打击乐器的经历。根据首句给出的信息，下面我们可以猜想Evelyn Glennie学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难，而能够在耳聋的情况下学习打击乐器，Evelyn Glennie对音乐肯定也是充满热情的。

(广东卷)

It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. The __1__ is based on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by __2__ situation that has designed for the __3__ children.

1. A. principle B. theory C. argument D. classification

2. A. designing B. grouping C. learning D. living

3. A. smart B. curious C. mature D. average

二、注意前后语境，暗示信息

考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析及推理的能力。

考生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处通常前后多有暗示。

这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。

（广东卷）“As a matter of fact, I’ve got someone in the office at this very moment who might ___49___.” She wrote down a number, and held it out to me, saying: “Ring up this lady. She wants a cook immediately. In fact, you would have to start tomorrow by cooking a dinner for ten people.”

49. A. hire B. accept C. suit D. offer

三、注意固定搭配，熟记常见句型，

考查考生对常见的英语固定短语和习惯用法的掌握情况。如动词与名词的搭配；动词与介词或副词的搭配；介词与名词的搭配等。这类搭配在高考完形填空中时有出现。

I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them ___44___the telephone.

44. A. with B. by C. from D. on

(陕西)The second rich man, seeing the worrying situation, stopped for a short time and gave the villagers all his food and drink, since he could see that money would be of little __34__ to them.

34. A. interest B. concern C. use D. attraction

四、注意词语辨析

考查考生在特定语境中区别近义词的能力。四个选项词性相同，意义相近，要求在特定的语境中区分它们之间的细微差别。一般说来，其中的两个选项容易排除，难辨的是两个。

Although I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten his ___37_ qualities. First of all …

37. A. basic B. special C. common D. particular

（全国卷）Once he ___42___ sang a song in class in order to make a point clear.

42. A. also B. nearly C. even D. only

五、注意经验常识

考查考生在日常的学习和生活中所积累的经验和基本常识，以及一些基本的科学常识。如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读。

（北京卷）But we run so much that, afterwards, we had trouble ___45___.

A. speaking

B. moving

C. sleeping

D. breathing

（山东卷）When they discovered that Black Wednesday were going to perform at our local theatre, they all bought __38__ for performance.

38. A. flowers B. drinks C. clothes D. tickets

After ______ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back.

A. Growing

B. putting

C. planting

D. laying

【解析】根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插”“插牢”，故答案为C

Salina Joe began to _____ when she was one-year old.

A. say

B. cry

C. sing

D. talk

【解析】根据常识判断，婴儿在一岁的时候应该是开始学说话，而不是学哭或学唱歌，故答案只能在A、D之间选出。又因为say是及物动词，其后面需接宾语，而talk是不及物动词，其后不需要接宾语，故正确答案为D。

六、注意文章结构和行文逻辑

考查考生对文章脉络层次的把握能力和对上下文逻辑关系的理解。如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系、对比关系等。四个选项都是表示文章的起承转合、上下连贯等逻辑关系的词语。

语篇，一般指比句子长的语言单位。如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间，往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为“语篇标志”。

表示结构层次的语篇标志语有：firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等；

表示逻辑关系的语篇标志语有thus, therefore, so等；

表示改变话题的语篇标志语有by the way等；

表示递进关系的语篇标志语有besides, what's more, further等；

表示时间关系的语篇标志语有before, so far, yet, meanwhile, later等；

表示转折关系的有but, while, on the other hand, although等。

在做完形填空时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。

(全国卷)First of all, I respected his devotion to teaching…___43___, I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk…Finally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor.

43. A Later B. Secondly C. however D. Therefore

（全国卷）Once he ___42___ sang a song in class in order to make a point clear.

42. A. also B. nearly C. even D. only

七、注意逻辑推理

考查考生根据文意和所掌握的知识经验进行简单的逻辑推理来确定选项的能力。请看下面全国卷中的一个小题：

He was reading my words out loud to the class…the whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show ___53___, but what I was feeling was pure happiness…

53.A.shock B. wonder C. worry D. pleasure

Mrs. Black would ask me for my ___. She wanted to know how I thought we should _______things. At first I had no idea how to answer because I know___ about stage design!

2.A.opinion B. impression C. information D. intention

4.A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything

八、注意语法规则

考查考生语法知识的运用能力。近年来完形填空题中单纯考查语法知识的题一般不考，只是偶尔有个别考题。

（全国卷）“Can I? I don’t think I can,” Tracy said with a laugh. “But l do have

___46___ when things come to me for no reason.”

46. A. events B. chances C. feelings D. moments 九．原词复现

完形填空试题中，某一词语常常重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。在阅读文章过程中，有时也会发现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词或近义词。因此要学会充分利用这些词提供的有效信息合理地推测判断，选出正确答案。

例：(江苏卷)

…__39__ as high as he could, but even at his tallest __40__ he was unable to touch it. …at the top of each jump stretching his arms to …

39. A. expanding B. stretching C. swinging D. pulling

40. A. strength B. length C. range D. height

I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new ______, dressed neatly.

A. roommate

B. classmate

C. neighbor

D. companion

【分析】名词同现，空格前出现了room, furniture, curtains, a TV等同现信息可知坐在铺好的床上的是“我”的室友。

十、巧用排除方法，缩小选择范围

解答完形填空题需要考生进行认真的阅读、理解、推理和判断，需要对4个选项进行仔细的辨别、分析，从而去伪存真。有时我们会遇到这样的情况，对某个题目的正确选项的含义、用法不甚明白，但发现其他选项有显而易见的谬误。这时，我们可以尝试着用排除法。所谓排除法就是将干扰项逐项检查、验证，发现错误的选项立即剔除。随着选择范围的缩小，选中正确选项的几率逐渐增大。排除法如果运用得好，可以大大节省时间和精力。

（四川卷)Some days later, I was told that a guy who was working with us that day, “could probably have made a fortune __24__ the necklace he found.”

24. A. hiding B. stealing C. selling D. wearing

He put the books into the return box. And after a brief ______ in the toilet, he would be on his way to the playground to meet Eric.

A. rest

B. break

C. walk

D. stop

【解析】此题答案为D。人不可能在厕所里休息（rest, break）或是散步（walk），由此排除另外三个选项。

真题演练

?（2015年全国II卷）In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 1 course about 20 years ago.

?The professor 2 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆), and invited the students to 3 how many beans the jar contained.

After 4 shouts of wildly wrong guesses,the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 5 answer, and went on saying, “You have just 6 an important lesson about science. That is: Never 7 your own senses.”

?Twenty years later, the 8 could guess what the professor had in mind. He

9 himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting 10 into an

unknowns world invisible（无形的）to the 11 , which can be discovered only through scientific 12 . But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 13 the invitation. She was just 14 to understand the world .And she 15 that her firsthand experience could be the 16 . The professor, however, said that it was 17 . He was taking away her only 18 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute（替代）. “I remember feeling small and 19 .”

The woman says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I 20 the course the afternoon, and I haven’t gone near science since.”

?◆原词重现1．A．art B. history C. science

D. math

?■词汇辨析2．A．searched for B. looked at C. got through

D. marched into

?◆原词重现3．A．count B. guess C. report

D. watch

?◆上下文4．A．warning B. giving C. turning away

D. listening to

?▲常识推理5．A．ready B. possible C. correct

D. difficult

?●固定搭配6．A．learned B. prepared C. taught

D. taken

?◆上下文7．A．lose B. trust C. sharpen

D. taken

?◆上下文8．A．lecturer B. scientist C. speaker

D. woman

?●上下文9．A．described B. respected C. saw

D. served

?■词汇辨析10．A．voyage B. movement C. change

D. rush

?▲上下文11．A. professor B．eye C．knowledge D．light

?■常识推理12．A．model B．senses C．Spirit D．methods

?◆上下文13．A．hear B. make C．present D．refuse

?▼逻辑推理14．A．suggesting B．beginning C．Pretending D．Waiting（语法）

?▼逻辑推理15．A．believed B．Doubted C. proved D．explained

?▼逻辑推理16．A．growth B．Strength C．faith D．truth

?▼逻辑推理17．A．firm B. interesting C．wrong

D．acceptable

?■词汇辨析18．A．task B. tool C．success D．connection

?▼逻辑推理19．A．cruel B．proud C．frightened D．brave

?■词汇辨析20．A．Dropped B．started C．Passed D．missed

巩固练习：

一、阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

When I was a child, I loved to play a Chinese traditional game which was called Caught You! I

1 remember playing it every spring and fall if we had good weather. We usually looked forward to this

2 activity led by our teachers. At that time, we always 3asking our teachers wh en and where to play, and our teachers used to 4 with a smile. They knew all of us were 5 to play the game.

In this game, you 6 a large group of people (about 20-30 people), a piece of 7 , and a small ball. Our teachers 8 us to a park with a large green lawn (草地), and then we sat down side by side in a large circle except for one person who was 9 by our teachers and sat outside the circle of students.

To keep the game 10 well, one of the teachers was a leader and judge, who always gave 11 to make the game fair, reasonable and fun. At the beginning, we sat in the circle and one of us just sat a few feet away from the circle with his 12 blindfolded(蒙住). That meant that he couldn’t see who was 13 the small ball. This was a key point.

As soon as everybody was 14 , the teacher declared a start. At that moment, we began to

15 the small ball one by one around the circle, and the one who sat 16 could shout “Stop!” at any time he wished.

When we heard “Stop!”, the student who had the ball in his hand had to 17 and sing a song or tell a story. From time to time, we laughed loudly because the players made some funny 18 and noise. The person outside the circle was 19 every five minutes.

Now that I’m grown up, I 20 this game because it was a lot of fun.

1.A. clearly B. nearly C. probably D. immediately

2.A. puzzling B. exciting C. direct D. quick

3.A.suggested B. considered C. kept D. enjoyed

4.A.stop B. help C. teach D. answer

5.A.careful B. possible C. luc ky D. anxious

6.A.visit B. instruct C. need D. serve

7.A.cloth B. paper C. chalk D. information

8.A.introduced B. left C. attached D. took

9.A.paid B. selected C. trained D. welcomed

10.A.improving B. ending C. going D. increasing

11.A.medals B. orders C. materials D. presents

12.A.feet B. eyes C. hands D. ears

13.A.holding B. watching C. dropping D. playing

14.A.free B. confident

C. ready

D. well

15.A.play B. kick C. catch D. pass

16.A.alone B. still C. calmly D. politely

17.A.stand up B. turn up C. come back D. insist on

18.A.mistakes B. games C. faces D. reports

19.A.warned B. replaced C. praised D. called

20.A.attend

B. continue

C. finish

D. miss

二、完形填空

My father brought home a sailboat when I was ten, and almost each Sunday in summer we would go sailing. Dad was quite skilled in sailing, but not good at 1 . As for me, I 2 both before twelve because of living close to Lake Ontario.

The last time Dad and l set sail together is really 3 . It was a perfect weekend after I graduated

from university. I came home and 4 Dad to go sailing. Out we set soon on the 5 lake. Dad hadn't

sailed for years, but everything 6 wen with the tiller (舵柄) in his hands.

When we were in the middle of the lake, a 7 wind came all of a sudden. The boat was hit 8 .

Dad was always at his 9 in any danger , but at this moment he 10 .

"John! 11 !" he shouted in a trembling voice, with the tiller still in his hands.

In my memory he could fix any 12 . He was the one I always 13 for strength and security. Before

I could respond, a 14 of water got into the boat. I rushed to the tiller 15 it was too late. Another huge wave of water 16 the boat in a minute. We were thrown into the water, and Dad was struggling aimlessly. At that moment, I felt fiercely 17 of him.

I swam to Dad 18 and assisted him in climbing onto the hull(船壳)of the boat. Upon sitting on the

hull, Dad was a little awkward about his flash of fear. "It's all right, Dad. We are safe now," I 19 him.

That was the first time Dad had counted on me in a moment of emergency. More importantly, I found it was my turn to start 20 for my father.

( )1. A.boating ( )2. A.enjoyed ( )3. A.important ( )4. A.sent

( )5. A.calm

( )6. A.finished ( )7. A.strong ( )8. A.regularly ( )9. A.best

( )10. A.suffered ( )11. A.Look ( )12. A.problem ( )13. A. argued with ( )14. A.group ( )15. A.if

( )16. A.got through ( )17. A.ashamed ( )18. A.hopelessly ( )19. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/347080165.html,forted ( )20. A.taking charge B. running

B. decided

B. unforgettable

B. ordered

B. icy

B. seemed

B. gentle

B. violently

B. better

B. flew

B. Help

B. relationship

B. lived with

B. stream

B. for

B. poured down

B. protective

B. slowly

B. caught

B.getting out

C. swimming

C.learned

C. cheerful

C. invited

C. stormy

C. went

C. cold

C. hardly

C.worst

C. drew

C. Run

C. machine

C. turned to

C. shower

C. after

C. turned over

C. tired

C.quickly

C. commanded

C. paying attention

D. teaching

D. hated

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/347080165.html,eful

D. allowed

D. thundery

D. sounded

D. hot

D. lightly

D. worse

D. froze

D. Jump

D. boat

D. longed to

D. wave

D. but

D. lifted up

D. afraid

D. helplessly

D.cared

D.taking care

三、完形填空

Last year I introduced my new policy on absences to my classes: None would be 1 except for illness or personal emergency. Even though this was against the 2 rules, my students didn’t 3 . When those who missed classes received warning notices from me, they knew I was 4 . Most students seemed to realize that it 5 their own studies, and followed the rule. 6 , it was also a rule that they should follow throughout their lives.

I told my class that 7 students want to do well in school, they have to go to classes

8 . Like other teachers, I feel 9 when I carefully prepare for a class but only a few students come, I want my students to get the 10 that I care about their learning and 11 them to care about my professional (职业的) effort.

To my 12 , students performance in my classes improved in the end. Such a result is surely worth 13 . There are also other advantages having a 14 classroom. For example, discussions are 15, homework is generally 16 on time, and very few students miss tests. Of course, I was a little 17 than usual, especially at first I 18 or mailed notes to several students about their cuts (缺课), some more than once.

There is no 19 that this kind of policy is easier in a small school. But it can work almost any place where a teacher cares enough to make it work. The 20 thing is caring.

1. A. accepted B. found C. invited D. allowed

2. A. club B. company C. school D. family

3. A. help B. care C. know D. forget

4. A. brave B. serious C. excited D. nervous

5. A. made use of B. got along with C. did good to D. kept away with

6. A. In fact B. In time C. At first D. At most

7. A. after B. if C. though D. until

8. A. hardly B. suddenly C. completely D. regularly

9. A. impatient B. impolite C. unhappy D. unlucky

10. A. praise B. chance C. message D. suggestion

11. A. agree B. choose C. promise D. expect

12. A. anger B. surprise C. regret D. shame

13. A. giving up B. thinking over C. showing off D. breaking down

14. A. full B. big C. bright D. clean

15. A. easier B. clearer C. livelier D. shorter

16. A. given B. marked C. finished D. corrected

17. A. busier B. kinder C. richer D. cleverer

18. A. stopped B. called C. returned D. followed

19. A. doubt B. time C. need D. risk

20. A. boring B. strange C. interesting D. important

1-5 ABCDD 6-10 CADBC11-15 BBACD 16-20 AACBD

1-2 DCBCA 6-10 CABAD 11-15 BACDD 16-20CBCAD

1~5. DCBBC 6~10. ABDCC 11~15. DBCAC 16~20. CABAD

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高考英语完形填空综合解析 要提高完形填空的解题能力，首先应该综合全面地了解完形填空。要了解完形填空，我们需要回答五个问题。第一个问题：什么是完形填空？第二个问题：完形填空的特点是什么？第三个问题：学生存在的问题是什么？第四个问题：如何解完形填空？第五个问题：平时如何训练？只有解决了这五个问题，才能有的放矢地对完形填空进行教学和研究。 一、什么是完形填空？ 完形填空又称综合填空，其命题原理是格式塔心理学。格式塔心理学强调整体感知和对文章从语义上的整体把握。简单说完形填空就是在一篇语意完整的短文中有目的地制造一些空白，造成信息链的中断，让考生在理解短文的基础上，综合运用所学知识和常识，对每个题的备选项做出尽可能合理的分析、判断，从中选出正确答案或最佳答案，使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明，文意畅达，逻辑严密。如果空格要求学生填入连词、介词、冠词等，则空格为功能性空格；如果要求填入名词、形容词、动词等实义词，则空格为语义空格。从近几年的高考试题看，完形填空以语义空格为主，语法部分的内容已经弱化为对词法的考查。完形填空的空格分为四种类型：词内项、词间项、句内项、句间项，难度是逐渐上升的。 二、完形填空的特点是什么？ 1. 完形填空的题型特点 近几年来的完形填空题，有以下几个特点： ⑴短文难度基本稳定，与高中英语教材课文难易基本相当。 ⑵短文选材一般为故事性文章，极少采用其它题材的文章。但往往不按时间顺序平铺直叙，有插叙或倒叙，有时还夹有描述和议论。 ⑶短文的第一句不设空格，提供给考生一个思路，以便考生做题。 ⑷考查内容主要是逻辑上的通顺，极少是考语法，所以每题四个选项大多属同一语法范畴。 ⑸短文长度基本稳定，一般在250～300个单词左右。 2. 完形填空选项设置的几个特点 ⑴同义、近义词辨析型。多倾向考查动词、名词、形容词。所以平时要多把这几类词性的词归纳记忆。 ⑵固定搭配型。多倾向考查动词和介词或副词、名词和介词、形容词和介词、典型句子结构的搭配。 ⑶常用语法。时态和语态、从句连词。 ⑷根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项型。 3. 近年高考完形填空题的命题趋势和新题动向 ⑴阅读量逐年提高，阅读时间减少。 ⑵生词量有增无减。 ⑶长句增多，句式灵活，结构复杂。 ⑷题目设置上单纯语法考查减少，上下文联系考查力度加大，并且以同义词、相似词为典型的迷惑选项增多。 ⑸完形填空的第一句都是完整的句子，并且每篇文章都有一个主题。 三、学生存在的问题是什么？ 有些考生虽然具有一定的基础，但完形填空题的得分却总不尽如人意。他们的问题概括起来主要有以下几方面：

高中英语完形填空

专题讲座——完形填空 ［复习要点］ 完形填空题是对学生英语语言知识与语言运用能力的一种测试。其考查的形式灵活，综合性较强，要求考生能综合运用所学的知识在特定的语境中进行合理的推理判断，并能准确地从四个备选项中选出正确答案，使补足后的短文结构完整，意义通畅。 一、完形填空题的特点 完形填空题能够较为准确地检查学生的各项知识水平和综合运用语言知识的能力。这种题型的主要考查内容为：①词语辨析、基本句型、基础语法；②固定搭配与习惯表达；③阅读理解能力和逻辑推理能力。近年来，完形填空题更侧重对语言应用能力、阅读理解能力的考查。 完形填空题（cloze test）又叫“克漏字”测验。它有以下两大特点和规律： 第一，一篇完形填空题是一个有机的整体。尽管看起来形式上有残缺（若干个空），但它的内容、语言习惯，句与句之间的衔接点，句子与段落之间的联系，段落与段落之间的逻辑顺序仍或隐或现地存在于篇章之中。因此，在做完形填空题时，通读全文、明了大意、理清观点、分清层次是十分重要的一步。考生解题时必须自始至终依托语境，注意上下文之间、词与词之间，从语法到意义的合理搭配。尤其要注意短文中承上启下的过渡词等，如so, but, however, then, therefore, also等。 第二，完形填空题选材广泛。它涉及社会、政治、经济；文化、教育、历史、地理、科普知识、人物故事等。因此，考生做完形填空题时，要快速通览全文，了解文章概貌与各段落的中心意思，把握文章主旨脉络，掌握文章作者的意图。 在平时学习中，要注意从以下几个方面训练和提高。 ⑴捕捉信息点，弄清逻辑关系： 完形填空题短文第一句话通常不设空，这给学生提供了一个语境，使学生能掌握短文的一些初始信息，例如：文章的大概内容，动作发生的基本时间，短文叙述的切入点等。这些基本信息给学生提供一个语境，使学生解题时能够依境而行。但这只是解答完形填空题的最基本的信息，考生还必须依据上下文提供的信息点（如时间、人物、地点、事件、背景等）对文章的脉络有针对性地理解和判断，弄清段落前后的逻辑关系，才能使短文内容沿着合乎逻辑的顺序发展，才能使局部和全局关系一致。 ⑵明确词义辨析，考虑固定搭配： 不熟悉词语的用法和区别，尤其是同义词语的用法比较，对固定搭配不熟练或记忆不准，都会造成很大的阅读障碍和错误选择，因而考生平时学习时要注重词义辨析，牢固掌握固定搭配。只有这样，考试时才能应付自如。 ⑶运用语法知识，具备各方面知识： 在分析完形填空题所给选项时，仅考虑符合短文大意和固定搭配是不够的。有些题中还须考虑语法结构是否正确，知识内容是否正确等。有些答案不能直接从短文中找到，而是需要通读全文，