江苏省连云港市、徐州市、宿迁市2017届高三下学期第三次模拟考试历史试题 Word版含答案

苏北三市高三年级第三次模拟考试

2017届高三年级第三次模拟考试(三)

历史

一、选择题：本大题共20小题。每小题3分。共计60分。在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项最符合题目要求。

1. 在原始社会末期黄河中下游一带的仰韶文化遗存中，有“大量的陶石纺轮、纺砖、刀杼(骨匕)、骨梭等纺织工具……同时，各地都发现有许多的骨针，直径和针眼都很细小”。据此可知当时( )

A. 纺织技术日臻完善

B. 生产工具来源多样

C. 陶器制造十分发达

D. 手工行业分工细致

2. 有学者认为：“(春秋时期)国家像一个放大了的家庭。君主统而不治；大夫们很重要，不是因为其职位，而是因为他们是君主的亲戚，或是显赫家庭的家长。”这主要反映了( )

A. 宗法观念的延续

B. 分封体制的完善

C. 君主权力的式微

D. 官僚政治的建立

3. 民国书画名家王修在《版本述》中说：“镂板刻书，意在流传，然经书史籍，初无版行。而历日字书，通俗浅陋之书，需之者众，故先有雕板。佛经以诵讽供养者众，故亦先有雕板。”这说明( )

A. 儒学复兴影响雕版印刷发展

B. 民众需要决定印刷内容选择

C. 佛教盛行推动雕版书籍出现

D. 市场需求引发雕版技术革新

4. 宋太宗淳化四年诏：“除商旅货币外，其贩夫贩妇，细碎交易，并不得收其算(税)；当算之物，令有司件拆揭榜，颁行天下。”至道二年又诏：“民间所织缣帛，非出于鬻于市者，勿得收算。”宋太宗意在( )

A. 鼓励商品贸易发展

B. 规范市场经营秩序

C. 扶持家庭手工生产

D. 推行便民惠民政策

5. 洪武三年太祖曰：“今礼(儒士严礼)所言不得隔越中书奏事，此正元之大弊。人君不能躬揽庶政，故大臣得以专权自恣。今创业之初，正当使下情通达于上，而犹欲效之，可乎？”明太祖的本质意图是( )

A. 汲取元亡教训

B. 剥夺丞相权力

C. 强化君主专制

D. 保证政令畅通

6. (英)约翰·汤姆逊曾记述：“镇江府位于大运河和扬子江的交汇之处，据守着一个极其重要的位置，因而在(那次)敌对期间，这里是大力防守的重镇之一。而它的陷落，很大程度上加速了和平谈判的过程。”该“敌对”行为发生在( )

A. 鸦片战争中

B. 第二次鸦片战争中

C. 甲午中日战争中

D. 八国联军侵华战争中

7. 梁启超说：“新民云者，非欲吾民尽弃其旧以从人也。新之义有二：一曰淬厉其所本有而新之；二曰采补其所本无而新之。二者缺一，时乃无功。”这说明培育“新民”的关键是( )

A. 全面学习西方思想

B. 继承中国传统文化

C. 彻底否定儒家学说

D. 兼采中西文化精髓

8. 邓小平说：“从我们党的历史来看，我们全党成熟的标志是第七次全国代表大会，那是在一九四五年。我们从一九二一年建党，经过了二十四年，才成为一个成熟的党。当然，这是从全党来说。作为中央领导，可以说在一九三五年一月遵义会议……就成熟了，这也用了十三年半的时间。”中共两次走向成熟的关键在于( )

A. 坚持革命实践与反思

B. 建立革命统一战线

C. 选择中国式革命道路

D. 接受共产国际指导

9. 美国《华盛顿星报》在评价抗日战争期间中国某一军事行动时称：“中国在山东方面的胜利，已经打破了日本四十年来军事胜利的纪录，为欧战后军事上又一伟绩。”该军事行动( )

A. 有力地支援欧洲战场

B. 是抗战以来最大胜利

C. 为中国军队主动出击

D. 使日本军队首尝败绩

10. 下图是“1949～1998年新中国城市化进程示意图”。以下对其解读不正确

．．．的是( )

A. 50年代的城市化进程受“一五计划”影响

B. 70年代的城市化进程与党的工作重心有关

C. 80年代后城市化进程与改革开放关系密切

D. 90年代城市化进程得益于市场经济体制建立

11. 1958年，《人民日报》在评价某运动时载：“农村中每天有近一亿人向自然大进军，热火朝天地进行水利建设；城市中千百万厂矿企业的职工，正在敲响挖掘潜力的锣鼓，一而再、再而三地突破原定的计划指标。”材料表明该运动( )

A. 奠定了新中国工业化基础

B. 推动了农业生产合作社建立

C. 体现了人民高涨的建设热情

D. 挫伤了工农群众生产积极性

12. 1990年10月7日台湾成立“国家统一委员会”，在1991年2月23日举行的第三次会议中通过了“国家统一纲领”，后经台湾当局行政部门会议讨论通过。“国家统一纲领”阐明：“大陆与台湾均是中国的领土，促成国家统一，应是中国人共同的责任。”这表明当时台湾( )

A. 认同“九二共识”

B. 承认“一国两制”

C. 坚持“一个中国”

D. 同意两岸“三通”

13. 公元468年罗马法规定，如果一个自由民想转让其享有权利的土地，那么除非他将之转让给此地的在册居民，否则通过任何一种契约转让其土地所有权和占有都是非法的。外人应该知道，如果他故意违反这一禁令而完成上述交易或占有该土地，那缔结的契约是无效的，契约要被解除，且只返还其交付的价金。这体现罗马法承认( )

A. 所有权的相对性

B. 财产权的绝对性

C. 公民权的平等性

D. 交易权的自主性

14. “这是一次国际贸易的巨大调整，是国际经济财富的转移……亚平宁半岛诸城市迅速衰落，里斯本、安特卫普、伦敦等城市成为世界贸易中心。”这一现象描述的是( )

A. 价格革命

B. 商业革命

C. 工业革命

D. 世界市场形成

15. 英国物理学家秦斯说：“物质的基本粒子其运动不像是铁道上平滑走过的火车，而像是田野中跳跃的袋鼠。”该理论( )

A. 冲破宗教神学束缚

B. 揭示宇宙运行规律

C. 颠覆经典力学体系

D. 深化微观世界认识

16. 1918年3月，为了恢复和发展经济，列宁提出了发展国家资本主义，对产品的生产和分配实行严格的计算和监督，建立合作社等具体设想，作为过渡到社会主义大生产的中间

环节。这说明以列宁为首的苏俄领导人( )

A. 主张全面推行战时共产主义政策

B. 已开始实施新经济政策

C. 设想利用国家资本主义发展经济

D. 决定建立计划经济体制

17. 某位作家在为自己的作品写前言时宣称：“我不过是位历史学家的书记而已……收集激情的主要事实，描绘各种性格，选择社会上的主要事件……写出一部史学家们忘写的历史，即风俗史。”该作品是( )

A B C D

18. 有学者认为，从l945～1950年美国的对欧政策经历了三个发展阶段，分别是“光荣孤立”式的远距离操控、以政治经济援助为重点的有限卷入欧洲事务和以军事援助为重点的全面卷入欧洲事务。美国政策调整的主要原因是( )

A. 遏制苏联的需要

B. 欧洲经济的复兴

C. 美国实力的下降

D. 美欧联合的实现

19. 下图是美国“1992～1998年失业率与通货膨胀率相互关系的变化示意图”。导致其变化的主要原因是( )

A. 政府减少对经济的干预

B. 国家垄断资本主义的推动

C. 新经济发展模式的实施

D. 社会福利制度的发展完善

20. 伦敦国际战略研究所所长约翰·齐普曼认为：“美国的权力虽然强大到能设定国际行动日程，但却无力有效地在全球执行这样的日程，其他强权无论是国家还是次国家都有力量足以对抗美国的日程，但是却无力塑造有吸引力的替代品或推行不受外界影响而又能持久的地区日程。”对此理解正确的是( )

A. 多极化趋势日渐加强

B. 地区性力量逐步崛起

C. 美国建立起单极世界

D. 一超与多强局面并存

二、非选择题：本大题5小题。第21题13分，第22题14分。第23题13分，第24题10分，第25题10分，共计60分。

21. (13分)儒学在传承与创新中不断发展。阅读下列材料：

材料一自孔子卒后，七十子之徒，散游诸侯……天下并争于战国，儒术既绌焉。然齐鲁之间，学者独不废也。于威、宣之际，孟子、荀卿之列，咸遵夫子之业而润色之，以学显于当世。

——司马迁《史记·儒林列传》

材料二(董仲舒)把孟子的性善论与荀子的性恶论装进阴阳的框架，加上一个最高的主宰“天”，成为一种神秘的天人感应论。他所强调的不是从道德伦理意义上探讨人格的完善，而是着重论证君臣父子、夫妻之间“三纲”论之不可移位……但在政治学领域，他的大一统思想却有利于国家的巩固，而且适应于历史发展的潮流。

——张岂之《儒学思想的历史演变及其特点》

材料三不返本开新，不接续源头活水，综合创新便会食多不化，推陈出新就会迷失方向；不综合创新，不引进众家异说和外来文明，返本开新便会泥古不化，推陈出新就会乏力苍白；不推陈出新，不致力于内部创造，返本开新就会徒说空话，综合创新也会主体不明。因此，“三新”之说相辅相成，相得益彰，则儒学的继承与创新庶几可以顺利进行。

——牟钟鉴《儒学继承与创新的三种途径》

请回答：

(1) 据材料一，分析儒学在战国后期成为“显学”的主要原因。结合所学知识，分别指出孟子、荀子的政治思想。(5分)

(2) 据材料二，概括董仲舒思想的主要特点及其政治影响。(4分)

(3) 据材料三，概括儒学传承与创新的途径，并结合所学知识，以程朱理学为例加以说明。(4分)

22. (14分)近代一批仁人志士提出“商战”，发展实业，以争取利权，挽救民族危亡，可称之为“中国近代经济民族主义”，其发展与抵制洋货运动密切相关。阅读下列材料：材料一1919年“五四”运动期间的抵制日货运动，上海华商纱厂盈利迅速提高，并出现了建立新厂、增加设备的热潮，形成了中国棉织业发展史上的所谓“黄金时期”。与此同时，华商烟厂、火柴厂等也得到了相应的发展……据统计，1919年在农商部注册的工商企业达到104家，超过历年最好水平，1920年更达到142家。其中注册的工业公司在1919年为65家，资金44728300元，也是亘古未有。

材料二1925年上海发起了抵制日货运动……由于运动期间禁止提取洋栈货，引起煤荒和粮价上涨，既严重影响了民族工业的商业利润，又波及人们的日常生活，上海人民出现心理恐慌，运动难以持续下去，于是，在资产阶级各团体的纷纷要求下，上海总商会同意提取英日货。同时，帝国主义为了反抵制，工部局停供华商电力达2个月之久，导致上海13家华商纱厂被迫停工，工人失业6万多人，损失326万元以上，严重危及上海民族纺织业的生存。

——以上材料均摘编自李宗超《近代中国经济民族主义的理性与非理性》

请回答：

(1) 据材料一，概括近代中国民族工业发展的特点。据材料二，指出1925年抵制日货运动“难以持续下去”的原因。(6分)

(2) 综合上述材料，并结合所学知识，评述“中国近代经济民族主义”。(要求：观点明确，史论结合，逻辑严密，表述清晰；200字左右)(8分)

23. (13分)民粹主义，亦称平民主义，具有道德的、感情的和非理智的意识。阅读下列材料：

材料一民主社会普遍地把多数意志或多数同意作为解决冲突、作出决定的基础性共识。而雅典的民主政治正是在此方面作出了开创性的尝试，通过抽签选举、轮番而治，雅典实现了普遍参与、多数统治……但多数裁决规则并不足以为少数提供充分有效的保护……多数人在利益驱动之下同样会肆意践踏少数人的基本权利，从而导致多数压迫少数的专制与暴政现象。

——刘翀《雅典的民主与苏格拉底之死》

材料二历史上的西方政治精英，包括美国的国父，在民主问题上都比现在西方的政客要谨慎得多。他们大都倾向于采用“共和”与“法治”来防止“民主”可能带来的“民粹”。

——张维为《西方民主制度的“基因缺陷”是什么？》

材料三当今的民粹主义是一种有破无立的思潮……它在目前的盛行基本上可以视为对现存制度不满，却又苦于传统理想主义破灭后的无奈、浮躁与盲目情绪。但毋庸置疑，它的存在与盛行本身也从反面说明了以个人主义为基础、以市场经济与宪政民主为内容的全球化浪潮所固有的内在矛盾。改革过程中忽略公正问题，加剧贫富分化都会导致民粹主义情绪的上升。从整体上说，当今的民粹主义复兴是一种消极现象，但它所包含的一些因素很有可能发展成为冷战时代结束以后的反全球化思潮的新形式。

——摘编自金雁《民粹主义：俄国与世界，昨天与今天》等

请回答：

(1) 据材料一，指出雅典为达成“基础性共识”在民主政治方面作出的“开创性尝试”，并概括其弊端。(3分)

(2) 据材料二和所学知识，指出“美国国父”谨慎避免民粹主义的做法。结合所学知识，概括其积极影响。(5分)

(3) 据材料三，归纳当代民粹主义的危害。综合上述材料，指出规避“当今民粹主义复兴”的途径。(5分)

24. (10分)【历史上重大改革回眸】商鞅变法中的军功爵制是一次历史性突破，影响深远。阅读下列材料：

材料一商鞅变法以来逐步形成的二十等爵，是秦汉最有特色的制度之一。它以军功为拜爵依据，打破依宗法身份获取爵位的传统，通过细密的位阶将悬隔的贵族、平民两阶层沟通起来，为下层民众提供了一条上升通路。

——孙闻博《二十等爵确立与秦汉爵制分层的发展》

材料二军功爵制相对于五等爵制对国民有着更好的激励作用……相比于东方各国，秦人尚功利轻伦理的民族性，君主至上的权力结构，君主的强有力支持和平民的热烈响应是这一新制度能够在短时间内在全秦推行的根源，最终助其统一天下。

——周建波《秦军功爵制的经济学分析》

请回答：

(1) 据材料一，概括军功爵制的特点。结合所学知识，指出商鞅采取这一措施的直接目的。(5分)

(2) 据材料二，指出秦国能够推行军功爵制的社会基础，并概括军功爵制对秦国历史发展的深远影响。(5分)

25. (10分)【中外历史人物评说】狄德罗是法国启蒙思想家，百科全书派的代表人物。阅读下列材料：

材料如果说伏尔泰是一位并不太成体系的思想家，孟德斯鸠用一种模糊不清、主要是反思的方式写作，那么与他们不同，狄德罗(1713—1784年)是各位哲学家中最具纲领性的一位。他最大的影响在于他是《百科全书》的组织者和撰稿人。《百科全书》力图把当时最先进的哲学、科学和技术知识予以总结和传播。书中文章悉由当代各位主要启蒙思想家(包括伏尔泰和孟德斯鸠)撰写，1751—1772年间出版共17卷，另有11卷插图。他希望它能够“改变人类思维的普遍方式”，他认为对所有的传统信仰都应该“不惜情面的予以全面审查”。该书畅销一时，重印多次，大大有助于启蒙思想在法国和欧洲的传播。

——摘编自菲利普·李·拉尔夫《世界文明史》

请回答：

(1) 据材料指出《百科全书》体现的核心思想及其特点。(5分)

(2) 据材料并结合所学知识，概括《百科全书》的写作背景，并指出其编写的根本目的。(3分)

(3) 如何理解狄德罗是—位“最具纲领性”的人物？(2分)

2017届高三年级第三次模拟考试(三)(苏北三市)

历史参考答案

一、选择题：本大题共20小题，每小题3分，共计60分。在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项最符合题目要求。

1. B

2. A

3. B

4. D

5. C

6. A

7. D

8. A

9. B10. D11. C12. C13. A14. B15. D16. C17. B18. A19. C20. D

二、非选择题：本大题5小题，第21题13分，第22题14分，第23题13分，第24题10分，第25题10分，共计60分。

21. (13分)

(1) 原因：门徒的游说；学者的坚持；孟子、荀子的发展。(3分)思想：孟子：“仁政”“民贵君轻”；(任意一点1分)荀子：“王道”“君舟民水”等。(任意一点1分)

(2) 特点：兼采各家思想；带有神秘色彩。(2分)影响：有利于加强君权；有利于国家统一。(2分)

(3) 途径：返本开新、综合创新、推陈出新相结合。(2分)说明：融合佛道思想解释儒家义理；形成以理为核心的新儒学体系。(2分)

22. (14分)

(1) 特点：发展迅速；私营为主；轻工业为主。(3分)原因：资产阶级的软弱性；帝国主义的破坏；民众生活困难(心理恐慌)。(3分)

(2) 本小题为开放性试题，按下列要点酌情评分。(最高不超过8分)

23. (13分)

(1) 尝试：抽签选举(直接民主)；轮番而治；少数服从多数。(任意两点2分)弊端：多

数人的暴政。(1分)

(2) 做法：制订联邦宪法；实行共和制；规定总统为间接选举产生；两院制等。(任意三点3分)影响：维护了资产阶级民主；为美国社会长期繁荣发展奠定了基础。(2分)

(3) 危害：危及现存制度；滋长社会消极情绪；推动反全球化思潮发展。(3分)途径：提高个人素养；尊重个体权利；加强法治；注重社会公平；缩小贫富差距等。(任意两点2分，言之成理即可)

24. (10分)

(1) 特点：军功拜爵；打破宗法；沟通贵族与平民阶层。(3分)目的：增强军队战斗力。(2分)

(2) 基础：秦人崇尚功利的民族性；君主至上的权力结构；平民的热烈响应。(3分)影响：统一天下。(2分)

25. (10分)

(1) 思想：理性。(1分)特点：图文并茂；卷帙浩大；作者众多；内容丰富。(4分)

(2) 背景：启蒙运动兴起；近代科学发展。(2分)目的：解放人们思想。(1分)

(3) 组织编写《百科全书》；促进启蒙思想传播。(2分)

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2017年徐州市英语中测验题及解析

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