2011 最新版 全国英语等级考试 公共英语三 教材 unit12

unit12
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unit12-1.----------
Title：1.In the doctor's consulting-room.
Question：What's the problem of the patient?
Question：What does the doctor think of is the reason for his illness?
Question：What advice does the doctor give?

Woman：Doctor
Man：John
Doctor：
Good morning.
How are you?
John：
I'm very worried, doctor.
Doctor：
Oh?
What are you worried about?
John：
I'm afraid that I'm very ill.
Doctor：
I'm sorry to hear that.
Why do you think so?
John：
Because I feel tired all the time, even when I wake up in the morning.
I have no appetite.
Doctor：
How do you sleep?
John：
Very badly, doctor.
I'm worried about my work.
I'm always afraid of making a mistake.
Doctor：
(The doctor examines the patient.)
Well, there is nothing very much wrong with you.
You are working too hard and worrying too much.
Do you take much exercise?
John：
No, doctor.
I never have enough time for exercise.
Can you give me some medicine to help me to sleep?
Doctor：
I can, but I'm not going to.
You don't need medicine.
You need advice.
Don't work so hard.
Don't worry about your work.
Which would you rather have, wealth or health?
John：
You're right, doctor.
It's more important to be healthy than wealthy.
I'll change my job.
I'm grateful for your advice.
Doctor：
Come and see me again in a month's time.
I think you will be a different man!

unit12-2.----------
Title：2.Wang and Robert are concerned about the illnesses brought by wealth.
Question：What problems will diabetes cause?
Question：What is the cause of diabetes?
Question：What should people do to avoid having diabetes?
Woman：Wang
Man：Robert
Wang：
Well, yes, new kinds of diseases will replace the old, such as cancer, heart trouble...Right?
Robert：
That's true.
And diabetes is one of the new diseases.
Wang：
Yes.
It can cause heart disease, kidney failure and blindness.
What is the exact cause of it, do you know?
Robert：
Well, experts say it is often the result of primitive bodies living in an increasingly wealthy world.
Wang：
What?
The primitive bodies...
Robert：
Well, that is when people were quickly forced from a simple to a modern pattern of life, they developed diabetes.
Wang：
Oh, it is terrible.
I must be careful about my diet from now on.
Robert：
Well, things are not that bad.
As long as you keep a traditional life style and diet, plenty of exercise, living in the natural environment, you won't develop diabetes.
Wang：
Good idea.


unit12-3.----------
Title：3.In the doctor's office.
Question：What's the problem of the patient?
Question：When did he start to have this pain?
Question：Does he have a fever?
Woman：Doctor
Man：Patient
Doctor：
Hello.
What can I do for you today?
Patient：
I've been having severe pai

ns in my stomach and now I feel nauseated.
Doctor：
How many days have you been having these pains?
Patient：
Well, they started about five days ago and for the last three days they have been terrible.

Doctor：
Have you thrown up at all?
Patient：
Yes, I have been sick to my stomach and throwing up.
Doctor：
How many times have you vomited?
Patient：
In the last two days, probably four or five times and I still puke.
Doctor：
Are you keeping any food down?
Patient：
No, I'm not.
Doctor：
When you vomit, is there any blood?
Patient：
No.
Doctor：
Good.
Are you having any diarrhea?
Patient：
No.
Doctor：
Have you had a fever?
Patient：
I think I have had a low-grade fever, but I haven't taken my temperature.
I really feel under the weather.
Doctor：
Have you taken any medicine?
Patient：
No.
Doctor：
Where is your pain?
Patient：
It's right here in my right side.
Doctor：
How would you describe the pain?
Is it sharp, dull, aching, or cramping?
Patient：
They are sharp pains.
Doctor：
Could you please sit on the examination table so that I can examine you now?


unit12-4.----------
Title：4.The following monologue is about the disease called asthma.
Question：What kind of disease is asthma?
Question：What are the triggers of asthma?
Question：Does the disease have less economic loss than tuberculosis or AIDS combined?
Question：Is a child likely to develop asthma if his parent has the disease?
Man：Mary
Mary：
Asthma is a serious lung disease that causes breathing problems.
It can affect people of all age groups but often begins in childhood.
It can be controlled but not cured.
Sufferers must deal with the disease every day.
Doctors do not know the cause of asthma.
Yet they have identified most of its triggers.
For example, the common cold can cause an asthma attack in a person.
There are also several air pollutants that can lead to an asthma attack.
Pollen is one such pollutant, which is fine dust that comes from plants that produce seeds.
However, almost any kind of dust can cause an asthma attack if enough of it is in the air.
This includes common dust found in houses.
Air pollution from burning fuel can also cause an asthma attack.
Tobacco smoke can do the same.
Some kinds of animal hair are a trigger for asthma.
And, even some insects in the home can lead to asthma attacks.
Asthma kills about 180 000 people a year.
The W.H.O. says the disease also has huge economic costs.
The costs linked to asthma are believed to be higher than those of tuberculosis and AIDS combined.
Medical experts have suspected for some time that there was a genetic link to asthma.
A child has a greater chance of developing asthma if his or her parent is asthmatic.
British and American scientists say they may have found a gene involved in the disease.


unit12-5.------

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Title：Lower Salt, Better Health
Woman：Mary
Mary：
Doctors have long known that cutting back on salt or sodium can help lower blood pressure in folks with hypertension, a silent condition that increases the risk of heart attack and stroke.
What hasn't been so clear is whether reducing the amount of sodium in the diet will benefit those whose blood pressure is normal.
Now comes word that restricting salt can indeed lower normal blood pressure level.
Though the effect isn't as great, it's still important, according to a study published in The New England Journal of Medicine.
Mary：
The decrease in blood pressure occurred regardless of race or gender and whether or not study participants ate a"typical American diet", which is high in saturated fats and contains few fruits and vegetables or the so-called DASH (for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, which puts emphasis on lots of fresh produce, low-fat dairy, fish and fewer sweets and which was proved in 1997 to reduce hypertension.
The biggest decrease in blood pressure in this study was recorded in subjects who ate the DASH diet and reduced their sodium intake to 1 200mg a day.
Mary：
Why is this significant?
Public-health experts estimate that Americans consume, on average, about 3 500mg of sodium-equal to about 9 grams of salt-daily.
It's not that we're that heavy-handed with the saltshaker.
Most of our dietary sodium is added during food processing.
To get down to 1200mg, you'd have to forgo most prepared foods, take-out deliveries and restaurant meals.
Mary：
So pay attention to how much salt you're eating, but don't forget to make fruits, vegetables and whole grains a larger part of your diet.
They'll help lower your cholesterol level as well as your blood pressure.
Be sure to drink alcohol moderately, if at all.
Losing weight-even just 4.5kg and exercising at least 30 minutes most days of the week can also have a marked effect on blood pressure.
Mary：
Check food labels.
Pasta sauces, sandwich breads and frozen dinners often contain lots of sodium.
Mary：
And remember, even if you don't have to worry about this now, you probably will eventually.
Half of US adults have a blood pressure of at least 120/80 mmHg, which is at the high end of what's considered ideal and blood pressure usually increases with age.
"We can't put everyone on drug therapy," says Dr.Frank Sacks of the Brigham Women's Hospital in Boston and the chairman of the DASH-Sodium Study.
But everyone can try to do with a dash of less salt.