英语翻译基础(英汉互译)-试卷26

英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷26

(总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)

1.汉译英（分数：

2.00）

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解析：

2.中美两国的社会制度和对外政策有着本质的区别。但是，双方同意，各国不论社会制度如何，都应根据尊重各国主权和领土完整、不侵犯别国内政、平等互利、和平共处的原则来处理国与国之间的关系。国际争端应在此基础上予以解决，而不诉诸武力威胁。美国和中华人民共和同准备在他们的相互关系中实行这些原则。双方回顾了中美两国之间长期存在的严重争端。中国方面重申自己的立场：台湾问题是阻碍中美两国关系正常化的关键问题；中华人民共和国政府是中国的惟一合法政府；台湾是中国的一个省，早已归还祖国；解放台湾是中国内政，别国无权干涉；全部美国武装力量和军事设施必须从台湾撤出。中国政府坚决反对任何旨在制造“一台一中”、“一个中国、两个政府”、“两个中国”、“台湾独立”和鼓吹“台湾地位未定”的活动。美国方面声明：美国认识到，在台湾海峡两岸的所有中国人都认为只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。美国政府对这一立场不提出异议。它重申对中国人民和平解决台湾问题的关心。考虑到这一前景，它确定从台湾撤出全部美国武装力量和军事设施的最终目标。在此期间，它将随着这个地区紧张局势的缓和逐步减少它在台湾的武装力量。

（分数：2.00）

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正确答案：(正确答案：There are essential differences between China and the United States in their social systems and foreign policies. However, the two sides agreed that countries, regardless of their social systems, should conduct their relations on the principles of respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states, non-interference in the internal affairs of other states, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. International deputes should be settled on this basis, without resorting to the use or threat of force. The United States and the People" s Republic of China are prepared to apply these principles to their mutual relations. The two sides reviewed the long-standing serious disputes between China and the United States. The Taiwan question is the crucial question obstructing the normalization of relations between China and the United States; the Government of the People" s Republic of China is the sole legal government of China; Taiwan is a province of China which has long been returned to the motherland ; the liberation of Taiwan is China" s internal affair in which no other country has the right to interfere; and all US forces and military installations must be withdrawn from Taiwan. The Chinese Government firmly opposes any activities which aim at the creation of " one China, one Taiwan," "one China, two governments," "two Chinas,"an "independent Taiwan"or advocate that "the status of Taiwan remains to be determined. The US side declared: The United States acknowledges that all Chinese on either side of the Taiwan is a part of China. The United States Government does not challenge that position. It reaffirms its interest in a peaceful settlement of the Taiwan question by the Chinese themselves. With this prospect in mind, it affirms the ultimate objective of the withdrawal of all US forces and military installations from Taiwan. In the meantime, it will progressively reduce its forces and military installations on Taiwan as the tension in the area diminishes.)

解析：

3.中华文明历来注重社会和谐，强调团结互助。中国人早就提出了“和为贵”的思想，追求天人和谐、人际和谐、身心和谐，向往“人人相亲，人人平等，天下为公”的理想社会。今天，中国提出构建和谐社会，就是要建设一个民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的社会，实现物质和精神、民主和法治、公平和效率、活力和秩序的有机统一。中国人民把维护民族团结作为自己义不

容辞的职责，把维护国家主权和领土完整作为自己至高无上的使命。

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： The Chinese civilization has always given prominence to social harmony, unity and mutual assistance. Back in the early days of the Chinese nation, the Chinese already advocated that " harmony is most valuable. " They strove for harmony between man and nature, among people and between man" s body and soul, and yearned for an ideal society where " everyone loves everyone else, everyone is equal and the whole world is one community. " Today, China is endeavoring to build a harmonious society. It is a society of democracy and the rule of law, fairness and justice, integrity, fraternity, vitality, stability, order and harmony between man and nature. It is a society where there is unity between the material and the spiritual, democracy and the rule of law, fairness and efficiency, and vitality and order. The Chinese people take the maintenance of ethnic unity and harmony as their duty and the defense of the country" s sovereignty and territorial integrity as their sacred mission.)

解析：

4.无论我们愿意与否，我们的社会生活与经济生活已经密不可分。中国和世界的过去与现在都证明了这样一个无可辩驳的事实，那就是没有政治和社会的稳定，任何有效的和有意义的改革都是不可能实现的。中国的外交政策是为了争取长期健康的国际环境，尤其是争取有利于中国社会主义现代化建设的环境，有利于维护世界和平、促进共同发展的环境。当今世界正处于复杂的大变革时期，国际形势总体趋好。我们必须抓住机遇，迎接挑战，为建设一个和平、稳定、繁荣的新世界而做出不懈的努力。

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： Whether we like it or not, we are bound together in our life, social and economic. The past and the present of both China and the world at large have proved the irrefutable fact that in the absence of political and social stability it is impossible to bring about any effective and meaningful reform. China" s foreign policy serves to gain a long-term, sound international environment. Particularly , the policy aims to achieve an environment conducive to China" s socialist modernization drive, the maintenance of world peace and promotion of joint development. Today the world is undergoing complicated and profound changes, and on the whole, the international situation is moving towards greater relaxation. We must stand ready to seize new opportunities and meet new challenges, and make unremitting efforts to build a wonderful new world of peace, stability and prosperity.)

解析：

5.中国将坚定不移地综合执行和平独立的外交政策。中国的外交政策是为了争取长期健康的国际环境，尤其是争取有利于中国社会主义现代化建设的环境，有利于维护世界和平、促进共同发展的环境。中国将继续加强同发展中国家，特别是周边国家的积极关系，坚持睦邻友好的政策，努力建立公正与合理的国际政治次序和国际经济次序。

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：China will unswervingly carry out its independent foreign policy of peace in a comprehensive manner. China" s foreign policy serves to gain a long-term, sound international environment. Particularly , the policy aims to achieve an environment conducive to China" s socialist modernization drive, the maintenance of the world peace and the promotion of joint development. China will continue to foster positive relationships with the developing countries and especially surrounding countries , persisting in a good-neighborly and friendly policy, striving to establish a just and rational international political and economic order.)

解析：

6.我们大家生活在同一个星球上，因此我们要共同对付人类生存与发展面临的挑战。生态环境恶化，贫困失业，人口膨胀，疾病流行，毒品泛滥，国际犯罪活动猖獗，以及妇女儿童权益得不到保障等等，都是事

关人类生存与发展的全球性问题。发达国家对其在工业化，现代化过程中造成的生态环境恶化是欠了债的，理所当然地应对环境保护做出更大的贡献。这些全球性问题的逐步解决，不仅要靠各国自身的努力，还需要国际上的相互配合和密切合作。

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： Since all of us live on the same planet, we need to jointly cope with the challenges facing/confronting the human survival and development. Of the global concerns for human survival and development are the aggravation of the ecological environment, poverty and unemployment, population explosion, the spread of epidemics, the abuse and widespread use of narcotics, the rampant international crimes, and the failure to safeguard the interests of women and children. Since the developed countries owe debts to the ecological deterioration in its industrialization and modernization, they should naturally contribute more to the protection of the environment. The gradual solution to these global concerns not only requires the efforts of all the countries but also their mutual cooperation and close coordination.)

解析：

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第一章时态 历届试题 1．在过去的几年里，这加工厂用塑料代替木头来降低成本。(substitute…for) (S99) 2．尽管有很多困难，我们仍将努力执行我们的计划。(in spite of) (Ss00) 3．小组讨论有助于更好地理解课文。(help) (S04) 4．他们的新房子离学校很远。(far) (S07) 5．各色阳伞给夏日街头平添了活泼的气氛。(add to) (S07) 6．前天我们订购了二十台洗衣机。(order) (Ss07) 7．网球运动在上海越来越流行了。(popular) (S09) 8．尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，实施救援。(despite) (S09) I. 一般现在时 1．在公共汽车上李先生总是设法匆匆浏览一下报纸的标题。(glance at) 2．一条装有邮件和食物的小船一星期一次航行到那岛上。(go over to) 3．我根本不喜欢这个铜的框架。(not…at all) 4．晚饭后，我总是在厨房里洗碗碟。(wash up) 5．我认为你找到男生宿舍不会有困难的。(have trouble in) 6．不同的国家有不同的问候形式。(form) 7．我们中3／5以上的人喜欢田径运动。(love) 8．大多数学生住在学校附近。(a stone’s throw) 9．有了一台计算机，我们就能更快地做各种各样的工作。(all kinds of) 10．一艘现代化轮船可以在几天内横渡大西洋。(cross) 11．音乐在人类生活中起着重要的作用。(play a … part in) 12．那些孩子中没有一个会演奏乐器。(instrument) 13．他坚持正确的，反对错误的。(persevere) 14．你看起来很累，这音乐将有助于你放松。(relax) 15．缺乏先进的科学技术是一个严重的问题。(1ack) 16．我们用无线电和电视和世界各国人民保持联系。(keep in touch with) 17．巴金全集主要由小说和散文组成。(consist of) 18．那家工厂提供我们各种各样的塑料产品。(provide) 19．每一个人，无论老幼，必须向周围的人学习。(old or young) 20．像英语一样，汉语也有许多谚语。(proverbs) 21．那些学生把大部分零用钱花在书上。(spend) 22．一定有人把我的自行车拿走了，我找不到了。(take) 23．这不仅是我们的卧室，事实上我们什么都在这里干的。(more than) 24．这些年轻人自愿贡献大量时间为老人服务。(volunteer) 25．电脑在科学研究的许多方面替代了人脑。(substitute) 26．我的丈夫和我对音乐有相似的爱好。(similar) 27．有些学生不理解这首诗的含义。(make out) 28．千里之行，始于足下。(start) 29．尽管意见有分歧，他们对维护世界和平有着共同的利益。(in spite of) 30．旅游不仅是一种很好的锻炼形式，也为各国人民之间的文化交流提供了一种重要手段。(in addition to) 31．知识的共享将造福于四面八方的人们。(benefit)

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英汉翻译 PartⅠMultiple Choice (20 points, 2 points for each) D. Choose the best translation of the original statement in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1. From both sides of the valley little streams slipped out of the hill canyons and fell into the Salinas River.（） A. 洼地两面的峡谷流出的涧水注入萨利纳斯河。 B. 从峡谷洼地的两面流出的涧水汇入萨利纳斯河。 C. 从峡谷洼地的两面流出了涧水，注入萨利纳斯河。 D. 洼地两面的峡谷都有涧水流出，汇入萨利纳斯河。 2. True friendship is like health, the value of which is seldom known until it is lost. （） A.真正的友谊就像健康一样，它的价值很少有人知道，直到失去以后。 B.真正的友谊就像健康一样，它的价值直到失去后才被少数人知道。 C.真正的友谊就像健康一样，价值要到失去后才能体验到。 D.真正的友谊就像健康一样，失去了才觉得宝贵。 3. At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.（） A.现在，人们往往采取安全回答问题的态度，这样比较不偏不倚。 B.现在，人们有一种倾向，即选择不偏不倚地回答问题的安全方法。 C.现在，人们往往采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题，这样比较安全。 D.现在，人们有一种安全的选择倾向，即不偏不倚地回答问题。 4. Lincoln was a good speaker and student of political philosophy.（） A．林肯口才好，对政治哲学颇有研究。 B．林肯能言善辩，是政治哲学系的学生。 C．林肯口才好，是政治哲学系的学生。 D．林肯能言善辩，对政治哲学颇有研究。 5. A powerful indictment of America?s disregard of ecology, Silent Spring was aimed chiefly at the wholesale use of chemical pesticides, especially DDT.（） A.一个对美国之忽视生态的有力控诉，《沉默的春天》主要是针对大规模使用农药——特别是滴滴涕。 B.《沉默的春天》是一个对美国之忽视生态的有力控诉，它主要是针对大规模使用农药——特别是滴滴涕。 C.作为对美国之忽视生态的有力控诉，《沉默的春天》主要是针对大规模使用农药——特别是滴滴涕。 D.《沉默的春天》有力地控诉了美国之忽视生态，它主要是针对大规模使用农药——特别是滴滴涕。 6. 他把儿子锁在屋里，以免他再次逃学。（）A. He locked his son in, in case he play truant again. B. He locked his son in, in case he played truant again. C. He locked his son in, in case he might play truant again. D. He locked his son in, in case he would play truant again. 7. 她口角边渐渐的有了笑影，脸上也白胖了。( ) A. Little by little the trace of a smile appeared at the corners of her mouth, but her face became whiter and plumper. B. Little by little the trace of a smile appeared at the corners of her mouth, so her face became whiter and plumper. C. Little by little the trace of a smile appeared at the corners of her mouth, while her face became whiter and plumper. D. Little by little the trace of a smile appeared at the corners of her mouth, when her face became whiter and plumper. 8. 做完那件事后，他就直接去了医院。( ) A. That done he went straight to the hospital. B. That done, he went straight to the hospital. C. He went straight to the hospital, that done. D. He went straight to the hospital that done. 9. 这种果汁有苹果的味道。() A. The juice tastes of apple. B. The juice tastes from apple. C. The juice tastes as an apple. D. The juice tastes like an apple. 10. 在不断增加粮食生产的基础上，河南省的农民正在进一步发展多种经济。( ) A. On the basis of steadily developing grain production, farmers in Henan Province are further diversifying their economy. B. Based on steadily developing grain production, farmers in Henan Province are further diversifying their economy. C. As steadily developing grain production, farmers in Henan Province are further expanding their diversified economy. D. Like steadily developing grain production, farmers in Henan Province are further expanding their diversified economy. Part II.Word and Phrase Translation (20 points, 2 points for each ) 11. 岳母_____________ 12. 像落汤鸡______________ 13. 贵宾___________ 14. 自然资源_____________ 15. 欢迎宴会_________________ B. Directions: Turn the following words and phrases into Chinese.