大学英语跨文化交际案例分析

大学英语跨文化交际案例分析

Case 2 (P8)

White Dress女王的白色长裙:Case analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text.案例分析:印度女人可能觉得婚礼是一个葬礼,如果他们看到西方的新娘的白色礼服。这个案例反映了明喻和隐喻在文本。

Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath. Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why.文化是像冰山:我们可以辨认颜色衣服的妇女所穿不同的文化,但我们不知道下面的值。文化是像水鱼游在:人们穿不同颜色的衣服为不同的上下文,但他们通常是理所当然的,从不问为什么。

Case 4 (P18)

Coconut-skating椰子-溜冰:Case analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of cultur e. We can tell from the case that culture is pervasive and it’s learned.案例分析:这个事件反映了文化的特点。我们可以告诉从案件,文化是普遍的,这是学习。

People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping. The Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture.人们可能发明东西甚至不同的方式为这样简单的问题的地板闷闷不乐。菲律宾女人必须学习这种方式从她自己的文化的拖地。

Case 7 (P30)

Clean up the Bathroom!清理浴室!:Case analysis: Cultural differences decide the two students are going to communicate in different ways.案例分析:文化差异决定这两个学生要沟通的方式不同。

The Chinese student wants the American student to understand the underlying means of his words, but the American student is used to the direct style of communication. This is decided by culture. In Chinese culture, people want to save face of both themselves and others, so they would not express their ideas directly. However, in the United States, unless you express yourself clearly and directly, the others cannot understand you.中国学生想要美国学生理解底层的手段,他的话,但是美国学生用来直接的交流方式。这是由文化决定的。在中国文化中,人们想要挽回面子的两个自己和他人,所以他们不会直接表达自己的想法。然而,在美国,除非你清楚地表达自己,别人不能直接理解你。

Case 8 (P34)

She Has Three Hands她有三个指针:This case can reflect the different communication styles between Chinese and Canadians. In western cultures, communication is the means of transmitting ideas. Western people usually communicate directly with each other. 这种情况下可以反映出不同的沟通方式在中国和加拿大人。在西方文化中,沟通是传播方式的想法。西方的人们通常直接彼此通信。

That is why the Canadian in this case says what is in his mind directly in front of the Chinese woman without hiding anything. While Chinese culture stresses harmony and emphasizes the relationships between the communicators. Chinese people view communication as a process where all parties are searching to develop and maintain a social relationship. So the Chinese woman in this case tries not to argue with the Canadian face to face to keep the “harmonious relationship” between them.这就是为

什么加拿大在这种情况下说什么是在他的脑海里的正前方的中国女人没有隐瞒任何事。虽然中国文化强调和谐,强调了沟通者之间的关系。中国人民视图通信作为一个过程,各方正在寻求开发和维护一个社会关系。所以中国女人在这种情况下努力不认为与加拿大面对面保持“和谐关系”他们。

Case 12 (P57)

Why Don’t You Eat the Pizza?你为什么不吃比萨饼?:This case can reflect the problems appearing during intercultural communication and how ignoring cultural differences can affect communication. 种情况下可以反映了跨文化交际过程中出现的问题以及如何忽视文化差异会影响通信。

In Malaysia, where most people are Muslims, people think the left hand is used only for cleaning the body and thus it is dirty and can not be used to pass food. Knowing nothing about the cultural difference, the American student puts himself in an embarrassing situation.这在马来西亚,大多数人是穆斯林,人们认为左手仅用于清洗身体,因此它是脏的,不能被用来传递食物。并不知道其中的文化差异,美国学生把自己放到一个尴尬局面。

Their communication belongs to Interracial Communication.他们的通信属于人种间的通信。

Case 21 (P107)

A Danish Woman in New York一个丹麦妇女在纽约:This case can reflect assuming similarity instead of difference. When communicating with people from another culture, one is likely to regard and treat other people as “his people” and to assume there must be only one way of doing things: that is “his way”. 这种情况下可以反映相似而不是差异。假设与人交流时从另一种文化,一种可能的方面和治疗别人为“他的人”,认为只能有一个做事的方式:这是“他”。

In this case, the Danish woman assumes that her behavior of leaving the baby alone, which is common in Denmark, is also appropriate in New York. Here, she assumes what is suitable in her own culture is also indisputable in another culture. That is why the small conflict happens.在这种情况下,丹麦妇女假设她让孩子一个人呆着的行为是很常见的,这在丹麦,也适用于纽约。在这里,她认为什么是适合自己的文化也无可争辩的另一种文化。这就是为什么小冲突发生。

Case 23 (P123)

Girl-ness姑娘冲突:This case can reflect one of the translation problems: the lack of conceptual equivalence, which refers to abstract ideas that may not exist in the same fashion in different language。这种情况下可以反映一个翻译问题:缺乏概念等价,这指的是抽象概念可能不存在的相同的方式在不同的语言。

Case 41 (P213)

Getting Frustrated越来越沮丧:Jay was frustrated in large part because many of the norms he was used to didn't apply in Saudi Arabia, and many Saudi norms did not make sense to him.周杰伦是沮丧在很大程度上是因为许多规范他是用于不适用于沙特阿拉伯,和许多沙特规范没有意义的他。Cultural patterns’ components--norms文化模式的组件——规范

Case 43 (P226)

The Improvement Does Not Work改善不工作:Following their individualistic orientations, Mr. Patterson and Mr. Wyman were perfectly comfortable with the idea of creating team leaders within the individual sales groups, which is typical in the United States.他们的个人主义的方向后,帕特森先生和奥先生都完美舒适的想法创造团队领导在个人销售组织,这是典型的在美国。 In collectivistic cultures, however, workers may be motivated by being a part of a cohesive and productive team.在集体主义的文化,然而,工人们可能出于作为一个有凝聚力的一部分和有生产力的团队。

This case reflects the conflict between individualism and collectivism.这个案例反映了个人主义和集体主义之间的冲突。

Case 44 (P236)

When Shall We Meet For Dinner?我们什么时候见面吃饭吗?:Uncertainty avoidance orientation can be seen in this case. In the dialogue presented below, Kelly and Keiko are interacting about a dinner invitation. Kelly, from the United States, possesses a relatively low uncertainty avoidance index, while Keiko, from Japan, comes from a culture with a relatively high uncertainty avoidance index.不确定性规避取向中可以看到这种情况。下面的对话,凯利和凯科是关于晚餐邀请交互。凯利,来自美国、拥有一个相对较低的不确定性规避指数,而来自日本,Keiko也来自一个文化与一个相对较高的不确定性规避指数。

Case 25 (P131)

Success Story一个人的成名史:One of the sources of the frustration and misunderstandings that occurred in this case was different notions of what was verbally relevant， which reflects different verbal communication styles—direct and indirect styles, self-enhancement and self-effacement styles其中一位消息人士的挫折和误解,发生在本例中是不同的概念是口头相关,这反映了不同的言语交际风格直接和间接风格,自增强和谦逊的风格

Case 33 (P169）

Are Americans Indifferent?是美国人冷漠?:This case can reflect different nonverbal communication patterns exist in the actual intercultural communication, especially facial expression differ according to different cultures, which implies the Kinesics.这种情况下可以反映出不同的非语言沟通模式存在于实际的跨文化交流,尤其是面部表情不同根据不同的文化,这暗示了身势。

Case 36 (P182)

Don’t Put Your Hand on My Arm不要把你的手放在我的手臂:This case can reflect different cultures have different opinions to spatial relations. Different cultures have very differen t opinions about an individual’s unconsciously structuring the microspace immediately surrounding the physical body, which implies Proxemics.这种情况下可以反映出不同的文化有不同的意见,空间关系。不同的文化有不同的看法,一个人的无意识地构建microspace立即周围物理身体,这意味着亲近性。

Case 48 (P257)

Gift from a Chinese礼物从中国:Chinese people love giving gifts. Usually, the value

of the gift is an indication of how important the receiver is in the sender’s eyes. Most people giving gifts are concerned about whether the gift will be seen as valuable enough. An inexpensive gift means a loss of face. North American companies do occasionally receive gifts out of appreciation for the friendship and assistance the manager may provide. Such gifts are treasured; however, the value usually is fairly small, a bottle of wine, a music CD, a small book, or other tokens.中国人喜欢送礼物。通常,礼物的价值是表明重要接收者在发送者的眼睛。大多数人送礼担心是否会被视为有价值的礼物不够。一个便宜的礼物意味着丧失了脸。北美公司偶尔会收到礼物表达对友谊和协助经理可以提供。这样的礼物是珍贵的,然而,这些值通常是相当小的,一瓶酒,一个音乐CD,一个小的书,或其他标记。

Case 50 (P269)

Refuse to Be Treated?拒绝治疗?:In the case just described, the . American medical team system for making sense of the situation demanded that people be seen in order of the seriousness of their injuries or illness. However, the cultural system working for those on the Virgin Islands demanded that elders be seen and treated first. So the case reflect the different roles of family and gender in the health care context in different cultures.刚刚描述的情况下,美国美国医疗团队体系以使意义上的形势要求人们看到订单的严重性,他们的伤害或疾病。然而,文化系统工作对于那些在维尔京群岛要求长老被看到和治疗第一。因此,该案件反映出不同的角色,家庭和性别在医疗保健环境不同的文化。

Case 54 (P291)

A Fish out of Water离水之鱼:This case reflects that the boy is experiencing culture shock, which may bring him some psychological symptoms. 这个案例反映了,那个男孩正在经历文化冲击,这可能会给他一些心理症状。

Case 55 (P299)

Missing China!失踪的中国!:This case can reflect reverse culture shock. When people return home after an extended stay in a foreign culture, they experience another round of culture shock in their native culture and they must proceed through the four stages of the U-curve pattern once again, which is known as W-curve pattern.这种情况下可以反映出逆向文化冲击。当人们回家经过一段呆在一个外国文化,他们体验另一轮的文化冲击在他们的本土文化,他们必须继续通过四个阶段的u形曲线模式再次,这被称为w曲线模式。

Case 19 (P98)

Who Is the Most Beautiful Woman?谁是最漂亮的女人

Summary: Manuel was a Philippine lecturer and Fred was a consultuant from another culture. They have totally different idea about who is the most beautiful woman in the reception.摘要:曼纽尔是菲律宾讲师和弗雷德是一个consultuant从另一种文化。他们有完全不同的看法关于谁是最漂亮的女人的接待。

Theory: Power distance理论:权力距离

Explanation: What is Power distance解释:什么是权力距离

Relating: Philippine is a high power distance country where people believe in hierachy.

A waitress cannot enjoy the same right as the upper class women. Philippine people accept this inequality with no problem.相关:菲律宾是一个高权力距离的国家,人们相信层次。一个女服务员不能享受同样的权利的上层阶级的女性。菲律宾人接受这种不平等,没有问题。

Evaluation: People should know the distribution of power in different cultures might be quite different. This may influence the communication process.评价:人们应该知道的权力分配不同的文化可能相当不同。这可能影响交流过程。

Case 58 (P310)

What's the Matter with the Gift?什么事的礼物呢?

Theory: This case can reflect the relationship conflicts in intercultural communication. 理论:这个案例可以反映在跨文化交际的关系冲突。

Explanation: Intercultural communication competence is an integrated and complicated competence. In order to have intercultural communication competence, we need to pay attention to every element among it. Relationship conflict is one of them. Some relationship conflicts involve threats to an established relationship. 解说:跨文化交际能力是一个集成的和复杂的能力。为了获得跨文化交际能力,我们需要注意每个元素在它。关系冲突就是其中之一。一些关系冲突涉及威胁建立关系

Relating to the case: In this case, the woman in Nukualofa became very angry and shouted the author out because of the rare gift the author sent to her, in fact, the woman’s extreme behavior is because the author‘s behavior of sending the gift has put herself into a position of superiority over the woman, which is a really threat to established relationship—the woman can be a good helper and teacher of the author. The change in established relationship made the woman quite angry. 有关的例子:在这种情况下,女人在努库阿洛法非常生气,大声作者因为罕见的天赋作者发送到她,事实上,女人的极端行为是因为作者的行为发送礼物已经将自己变成一个位置优势的女人,这是一个真正威胁建立关系的女人可以成为一个好帮手和老师的作者。建立关系的变化使女人非常生气。

Case 60 (P316)

Demographic Analysis in USA.在美国人口分析。

Demographic analysis in this case can reflect that USA is a multicultural society with cultural diversity. Multicultural society refers to the society where there is ethnic diversity within it. And this tendency is more and more universal all over the world. 人口分析在这种情况下可以反映出,美国是一个多元文化的社会与文化的多样性。多元文化的社会是指社会哪里有种族多样性它。和这种趋势越来越普遍世界各地。

This case can reflect that culture is are constantly changing over time.这种情况下可以反映出文化是动态的。文化是随着时间不断变化。

In this case, the distribution of population is changing all the time, with the decrease of European Americans and the increase of Asian Americans. This change of propotion will lead to the change of cultural phenomenon.在这种情况下,人口分布状况正在改变所有的时间,减少欧洲的美国人,亚裔美国人的增加。这种变化的propotion将导致文化现象的变化。

The multicultural society requires a heightened emphasis on intercultural competence. 多元文化社会需要高度重视跨文化能力。

Case 64 (P345)

Jane Martin’s Problem 简·马丁的问题

This case can reflect intercultural competence is relatively complicated and inte grated competence, we should take every element influencing intercultural communi cation into consideration in accentual communication. 这种情况下可以反映出跨文化能力相对复杂的和集成的能力,我们应该把每一个元素影响跨文化沟通考虑在重音的通信。

In this case, Jane Martin is good at training but is not familiar with new environment –the Korean culture, which is totally different from American culture. Her gender, age, lack of knowledge on the Korean language and culture can be barriers to her effective intercultural communication and good work performance. To Jane Martin, she never sensed it is an intercultural communication and never aware of the future difficulties she will face. Without preparations, it’s hard to her to do intercultural communication. 在这种情况下,简马丁擅长训练但不熟悉新环境——韩国文化,这是完全不同于美国文化。她的性别、年龄、缺乏知识在朝鲜的语言和文化障碍,她可以有效的跨文化沟通和良好的工作表现。简·马丁,她从来没有感觉到这是一个跨文化交流和从来没有意识到对未来将面临的困难。没有准备,很难去做跨文化交流。

To guarantee the sucess of intercultural communication, we should take every element influencing intercultural communication into consideration in actual communication.保证成功的跨文化交流,我们应该把每一个元素影响跨文化沟通考虑在实际通信。

跨文化交际案例 英语专业

Cases 33-36 Case 33 The prblem that Li Li has encountered during her stay in the United States are typical of those that people may face when they enter a new culture. Obviously Li Li has gone through distinct stages in the process her adaptation to the American cultural environment: honeymoon period (Letter 1), when she was fascinated and excited by almost everything in the United States and felt elated to be in the new culture; culture shock (Letter 2), when she was flooded with many problems that she had not been prepared for and became extremely homesick; initial adjustment (Letter 3), when she learned more about American culture and cultural adaptation and began to feel much better; mental isolation (Letter 4), when she felt frustrated and became even hostile towards Americans; and acceptance period (Letter 5), when she began to tralize the positive and negative aspects of the country and have a more balanced perspective about her experiences there. What she means by “I think I have finally arrived in America” in her fifth letter is that she has finally learned

文化差异对跨文化交际中语言的影响

文艺报/2006年/7月/11日/第003版 理论与争鸣 文化差异对跨文化交际中语言的影响 宫丽 文化是人类历史实践过程中创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和。文化是一种历史现象，每一个社会都有与其相适应的文化，并随着社会物质生产的发展而发展。文化具有民族性，同时文化的发展又具有历史的连续性。文化是一个广泛的概念，总的来说，它包括两个方面的含义：一方面它指的是政治、历史、文学、艺术、宗教、地理、音乐、建筑、科技成就、思维等；另一方面则指的是风俗、习惯、行为模式、生活方式、规范等。此外，文化还包括语言以及语言相关的某些非语言的交际手段。 语言是一种社会文化现象。是人与人之间相互接触时所使用的交际工具，是人们传递信息或表达思想的手段。语言产生于社会生活中，它的使用离不开社会环境，受社会文化因素的制约。一个社会的语言是社会的一个方面，其特殊表现在于它是学习文化的重要工具。语言不仅是人们用来交际的工具，而且是反映一个民族文化特征的重要手段之一。一个民族的语言特点常常反映了这个国家的社会文化及生活等特征。美国学者普赖特（ J. B.Pride）1964年在他的《社会语言学》一书中提出了“语言和社会结构的共变”理论：“当社会生活发生渐变或激变时，作为社会现象的语言会毫不含糊地随着社会生活进展的步伐而发生变化。” 不同的国家有不同的语言文化习俗。语言是文化的载体，是文化的主要表现形式。语言是随着民族的发展而发展的，语言是社会民族文化的一个组成部分。同民族有着不同的文化、历史、风俗习惯和风土人情等，各民族的文化和社会风俗又都在该民族的语言中表现出来。语言离不开文化，文化依靠语言。所以进行跨文化交际，就要先了解某种语言及其发展的规律，只有密切联系社会发展的历史，密切联系创造这种语言、使用这种语言的人民的历史，去研究，才有可能达到跨文化交际的目的。 语言的交际功能具有普遍性，忽视文化差异往往会造成语言的误用，给文化之间的交际带来不少困难。普赖特在他的书中还指出“任何一个社会集团的成员所必然掌握的东西比他的语言的正规的或结构的特点多得多，它必须习得所有有关他的社会和文化价值的知识，也就是社会加在人们举止行为的约束。包括对语言行为的制约。”他的这一观点对跨文化交际具有极其重要的指导意义。文化交际涉及的内容很广泛。辩论是交际，会话是交际，讨论是交际，讲课是交际，书信、便条是交际，广告是交际，新闻报道、科学论文也是交际。交际活动由于语言环境、具体情景各不相同，使用的语言也会有所不同，交际实际上是人们使用语言去表达到一定社会目的的活动。要得体地进行交际就要在不同的情景对不同的话语有能力去理解，这就涉及交际者的文化、社会、文学、科学等方面的知识。如英语语言中的词汇。英语词汇也包涵着文化的因素。如果我们在与外国友人进行交流时缺乏文化知识，就容易产生歧义。例如表示颜色的英语单词：black、blue、green等。我们在交谈时常听到有人说black swan，其本义是“黑天鹅”，可在一些特殊的语境下，它指的是罕见的东西：a real。 blue blood在用于描叙一些人时，是指社会地位高、有权有势和出身好的贵族等；而green hand 则是指无经验的人，生手。又如Landlord一词，中国人可能会想起剥削劳动人民的黑心地主周扒皮、南霸天的形象，而在西方人的头脑中可能是个和善的房东。语言表达的意思，不单单是个主观愿望的问题，它还受社会习俗的制约。每一个民族都有一定的风俗习惯，它包括衣、食、住、行、节庆、娱乐、礼仪、婚姻、丧葬以及信仰等内容。如西方的某些祝酒习惯和我们中国不同。在英国，宴会开始时，大家先为女皇陛下举杯祝酒，而后才彼此之间开始碰杯。一个民族的言语

跨文化交际(英文版)

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新编跨文化交际英语教程 参考答案

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