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定语从句先行词的判断

定语从句先行词的判断

定语从句先行词的判断

大家知道定语从句先行词的判断方法吗?以下是店铺分享的定语从句先行词的判断方法哦,欢迎参考!

定语从句先行词的判断方法【1】

先行词是名词或代词,如果名词或代词后面有修饰它们的句子且它们在句中充当某一成分,它们就是先行词.

把先行词还原到从句中,就能判断做什么成份.

如:I will never forget the day when I first went to school.(先行词是day)

从句=I first went to school on the day.

(on the day 在从句中作状语=when)

I will never forget the day that was very special to me.(先行词是day)

从句=The day was very special to me

(the day 在从句中作主语=that/which)

定语从句先行词的判断方法【2】

关于先行词这个问题,你先忘了英语,全部忘掉,我们先来看看中文中的修饰语,道理是完全一样的,只要你明白了中文的修饰语用法,英语自然也就会了.

比如:一个非常漂亮的女孩

我去年逛过的城市

长着一头长发的女孩

我们先来分析:上面三个是什么结构,你一看就知道,是名词结构(或代词),只不过加了一些修饰词做定语修饰主要名词,对吗?

OK,英语定语从句意思搞定:“就是用英文句子来修饰先行词”就更简单的一句话说就是:“定语从句就是形容词”,修饰前面的名词或代词.明白吗?(翻译为………的先行词),不同的是英语定语从句要后置.

一个非常漂亮的…………(女孩)

我去年逛过的…………(城市)

长着一头长发的…………(女孩)

OK翻译:Agirl(名词或代词)who is very beautiful(英语句子做修饰词相当于形容词)

Agirl who is very beautiful

The city(名词) I visited last year=形容词

The city I visited last year

A girl (名词)who has long hair.(形容词).

A girl who has long hair

好了,现在你不需要学习什么英语从句是代词还是副词,什么样的引导词等,现在只有一个理念你要明白,这非常重要,是框架,记住“定语从句就是形容词”紧跟先行词,一定翻译为…………的先行词,这是亘古不变的,打死印在脑海里!

【拓展内容】

定语从句先行词

先行词是被定语从句所修饰的名词、代词。在定语从句中充当一定的'部分。之所以称它为先行词,是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后,先行词总是出现在定语从句之前,而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时,形容词位于名词之前。

定语从句先行词例句

例句:This is the book which I am looking for.

它是我正在寻找的书。

其中的“the book”是先行词,“which”是引导词。

例句:He is Mr. Robertson who comes from England.

他是来自英国的罗伯森先生。

其中的“Mr. Robertson”是先行词,“who”是引导词。

例句:Was that a singer that sang Xi Yangyang?

那个唱喜洋洋的歌手是谁?

其中的“a singer”是先行词,“that”是引导词。

定语从句先行词关系

先行词

被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。我们可以这样认为,之所以称它为先行词,是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后,先行词总是出现在定语从句之前,而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时,形容词位于名词之前。

Don’t forgetthe bookthat I told you to bring.(“the book”为先行词)

别忘了把我让你带的书带过来。

关系词

引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,关系副词在定语从句中作状语。

含有定语从句的句子一般分为两层:即主句层(第一层),定语从句层(第二层)。

种类

常见的关系代词

常见的关系副词

定语从句先行词位置

当代词 that 用作先行词后接定语从句时,定语从句通常用关系代词which来引导。如:

We have that which we need. 我们需要的东西都有了。

That which I say and do is my own affair. 我说什么做什么是我自己的事。

The true cost often differs from that which had first been projected. 实际成本经常与最初计划的有所不同。

What is that which you have just stuffed into the plastic cup? 你刚才塞在塑料杯里的是什么东西?

They say the only real knowledge is that which can be measured. 据说唯一真实的知识是可以检验的知识。

但that which 这一说法相当正式,在现代英语中通常改用what。

如:

That which (=What) many people say is not always true. 很多人说的话并不表示一定是真的。

顺便说一句,that 后可接定语从句,但 this 后习惯上不接定语从句。

定语从句知识点

1.who指人,在从句中做主语

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.

注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)

(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)

4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。

(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)

(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)

5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替

(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?

=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

在定语从句中those为先行词时,关系词有指人指物的that,指物的which,指人的who。

定语从句先行词是those

That(指物)和those(指人或物)可做定语从句的先行词,this和these不可做先行词,those做定语从句先行词时,当其指物关系词用that/which等,当其指人时,关系词用who等,具体示例如下:He admired those who looked beautiful.他很喜欢那些看上去很美的人.(指人)

He admired those which looked beautiful.他很喜欢那些看上去很美的东西.(指物)

(错)He admired that who danced well.(that不能指人)

(对)He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人.(those可指人)

如何选择定语从句的引导词

一看指人还是物,二看介词在何处;

三看句中作何用,四看是否属特殊。

现将四句口诀分述如下:

“一看指人还是物”:指人时用who,whom;whose和that既可指人又可指物;which只能指物。that和which在句中作主语或宾语;在非正式文体中,作宾语的whom,which或that可省略。

【高考链接】

The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____ are built close to each other.

A. they

B. where

C. what

D. that

答案:D。

解析:分析句子结构可知,空格处及后面部分为定语从句,先行

词small houses为物,故用that引导定语从句,that在定语从句中作主语。

“二看介词在何处”:介词置于从句之首还是置于从句的其他地方,引导词的使用有区别。当介词置于从句之首时,若指人,介词之后只能用whom而不能用who和that;若指物,则只能用which而不能用that。

【经典例析】

试比较以下两句:

1. Do you know the woman with whom I shook hands at the school gate?

2. Do you know the woman whom I shook hands with at the school gate?

第一句中介词with置于定语从句之首,其后的whom不可以替换成who或that,也不能省略;第二句中的引导词whom作介词with的宾语,可替换为who或that,也可省略。

“三看句中作何用”:如何选用定语从句中的引导词,关键是要看引导词在从句中充当什么成分。若作主语,则在who,that或which之中选择;若作定语,则用whose;若作状语,则在when,where,why之中挑选。

【高考链接】

The prize will go to the writer _____ story shows the most imagination.

A. that

B. which

C. whose

D. what

答案:C。

解析:whose引导定语从句,且在从句中作定语,修饰story;whose story相当于the story of whom。

“四看是否属特殊”:定语从句中引导词的使用还要注意一些特殊情况,如who与that均可指人,which和that均可指物,但这些引导词在具体的语言环境中有区别,不能换用。

【经典例析】

1. This is the first time that I’ve been to the museum, which

I have been looking forward to for many years.

当先行词被序数词修饰时,引导词只能用that而不用which。

2. Those who are studying in our school can borrow five books at a time.

为避免重复,先行词为指人的that或those时,引导词用who而不用that。

3. Such magazines as you bought last time are well worth reading.

such ... as,the same ... as属于固定搭配。

最后,我们再用一则歌谣帮助大家巩固关系词在定语从句中的一般用法。

关系词,引定从,它们的用法各不同。

that可作主、宾用,指人指物它都行;

which 通常指物用,主语、宾语它也能;

who和whom指人用,分作主、宾要弄清;

whose一词它真行,修饰人、物都管用;

时间状语应用when,地点状语where行,

要问原因为什么,关系副词why最清;

as一词属特殊,常与such,the same连用,

修饰全句或部分,常常用作主或宾。

定语从句口诀

定语从句口诀 定语从句口诀 定语从句口诀: which指物who指人, whom、which介后陈。 that/only序all最, 不定代词物与人。 that不用有逗号, 介词提前更无份。 介宾不省动宾省, 须做成分从句真。 定语从句口诀解释: “which指物who指人”,就是在引导定语从句时,如果先行词(被定语从句所修饰的那个名词)是物或者事情,就用which来引导(当然用that也行),而如果先行词是人,就用who来引导(当然用that 也行)。如: This is the bookwhichmy father bought last year.这就是我爸爸去年买的那本书。which指物,即前面的the book,当然,that也行。 I still remember the boywhooften helps the old man.我还记得那个经常帮助那位老人的男孩。who指前面的先行词the boy,当然,用that也行。 “whom、which介后陈”,就是当引导词做定语从句中介词的宾语、并且介词又提到了引导词的前面时,就只能用whom或which 来引导了。如: The bookwhich/thatwe talkedaboutis new.我们谈论的那本书是新书。 在这个句子中,which或that指代的'是前面的the book,又同时作介词about的宾语,在介词about没有提前的情况下,which或

that作从句中介词about的宾语是可以的。 The bookabout whichwe talked is new.我们谈论的那本书是新书。 此句中的介词about被提到了引导词which的前面,这时规定不可以再用that引导了,即“介词提前更无份”。 We all like the teacherwho/whom/thatwe learn a lotfrom.我们都喜欢我们从那里学到了很多知识的那名老师。 介词from没有提前,由于引导词who、whom和that指人,它们作介词from的宾语是可以的。 We all like the teacherfrom whomwe learn a lot.我们都喜欢我们从他那里学到了很多知识的老师。 在这个句子中,介词from已经被提到了前面,只能用whom引导,而不再能用who或that了。 “that/only序all最”,就是在先行词有了“only、序数词、all、最高级”修饰的情况下,只能用that引导,不可以用which。如:Theonlydictionarythathe uses is lost. He still remembers thefirstcellphonethatwas made in China. Allthe booksthatwere printed last year sells well. This is thebestcomputerthathe has ever used. “不定代词物与人”,“不定代词”,就是先行词是不定代词,“物与人”,就是先行词既有物又有人时,用that引导。如:Everythingthathe thinks right is not right. I didn’t likeanythingthathe proposed at the meeting. I must pick upthe writer and his baggagethatwill arrive at the airport at five. 以下是不能用that的情况: “that不用有逗号,介词提前更无份”,就是在非限制性定语从句中,即定语从句与先行词之间有了逗号隔开了,就不能用that引导了。而一旦介词提到了前面,就更不用that了。如: We invited the famous scientist,whois expert in biologic

定语从句先行词位置

先行词 先行词是定语从句的引导词前面的名词.在定语从句中充当一定的成分. 被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。 我们可以这样认为, 之所以称它为先行词, 是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后, 先行词总是出现在定语从句之前, 而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时, 形容词位于名词之前。 This is the book which I am looking for.中的book是先行词,which是引导词. He is Mr. Robertson who comes from England. 中的Mr. Robertson.是先行词,who是引导词. 简单的说,就是和修饰宾语的词或从句,词就是先行词 一、先行词与关系词 A.什么是先行词 被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。我们可以这样认为, 之所以称它为先行词, 是因为修饰它的定语从句总是放在它之后, 先行词总是出现在定语从句之前, 而不同于普通形容词修饰名词时, 形容词位于名词之前。 Don’t forget the book that I told you to bring. (the book为先行词)别忘了把我让你带的书带过来。 B.先行词与关系词的关系 引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,关系副词在定语从句中作状语。 含有定语从句的句子一般分为两层:即主句层(第一层), 定语从句层(第二层)。 C.先行词与关系词的种类 1. 常见的关系代词 2.常见的关系副词 二、限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句 根据定语从句与先行词间关系的紧密程度, 我们将定语从句分为限定性 定语从句和非限定性定语从句。 A.限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句, 用来修饰和限定先行词, 与先行词间的关系非常密切, 它所修饰的先行词代表一个(些)或一类特写的人或物, 从句用来说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况, 如果去掉, 则意思含混不清。

高中英语定语从句考点大全

高中英语定语从句考点大全 定语从句作为英语语法,在学习过程中属于中较难理解与掌握的部分,也正是由于其复杂程度较高、逻辑性较强、理解难度很大,屡屡让童鞋们在考试中丢分数、失信心、丧斗志! 如果你对这一部分的内容不太熟悉的话,一定要好好看看这篇文章! 概念 定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。 定语从句“三要素” 1.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 ①指人的先行词 ②指物的先行词 ★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。 He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词 2.关系词:引导定语的词 (1)关系词的作用 ①替代前面的先行词(替代作用) ②连接主句和定语从句(连接作用) ③在定语从句中作句子成分(成分作用) (2)关系词的分类 ①标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类 ②关系代词:在从句中做主,宾,表,定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as) ③关系副词:在从句中作状语(When/where/why) 3.定语从句:用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子 定语从句的分类 1.限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定修饰作用。 He is a teacher who works at our school. 2.非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开) Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history. 比较: He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.) He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has two more sons) 定语从句的10个难点 1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句) (1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语

语法专题1:定语从句 讲义-江苏省2022届中职高考英语二轮复习

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定语从句的判断方法

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定语从句的先行词与关系词 (学习版) 编制人:__________________ 审核人:__________________ 审批人:__________________ 编制学校:__________________ 编制时间:____年____月____日 序言 下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢! 并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文,如英语单词、英语语法、英语听力、英语知识点、语文知识点、文言文、数学公式、数学知识点、作文大全、其他资料等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注! Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you! In addition, this shop provides various types of classic sample essays, such as English words, English grammar, English listening, English knowledge points, Chinese knowledge points, classical Chinese, mathematical formulas, mathematics knowledge points, composition books, other materials, etc. Learn about the different formats and writing styles of sample essays, so stay tuned!

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