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上海市上海中学2021届高三上学期英语9月摸底英语试题(学生版)

上海中学高三英语上9月测试

II.Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions:Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks,fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.

Of the many factors that contribute to poor performance on standardized tests like the SAT, nerves and exhaustion, surprisingly, ___1___ not rank very high. In fact, according to a new paper published in Journal of Experimental Psychology, a little anxiety – not to mention fatigue – might actually be a very good thing.

The study was conducted by psychology professors Phillip Ackerman and Ruth Kanfer. They recruited 239 college freshmen, each ___2___ (agree) to take three different versions of the SAT reasoning test ___3___ (give) on three consecutive Saturday mornings. The tests would take three-and-a-half hours, four-and-a-half hours and

five-and-a-half-hours, and would be administered in a random order to each of the students. ___4___ (boost) the stress level in the students – who had already taken the SAT in the past and gotten into college – Ackerman and Kanfer offered a cash bonus to any volunteers who ___5___ (beat) their high-school score.

___6___ the test began on each of the three Saturdays, the students filled out a questionnaire that asked them about their fatigue level, mood and confidence. They completed the questionnaire again at a break in the middle of the test and once more at the end. Together, all of these provided a sort of fever chart of the students’ energy and anxiety___7___ the experience.

When the researchers scored the results, it came as no surprise that volunteers’ fatigue and stress rose st eadily ___8___ the test got longer. ___9___ was unexpected was their corresponding performance: as the length of the test increased, so ___10___the students’ scores. The average score on the three-and-a-half-hour test was 1209 out of 1600. On the four-and-a-half-hour version it was 1222; on the five-and-a-half-hour test it was 1237.

Section B

Direction: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.

（A)

从方框里选择合适的词语的适当形式填空。

Germany Crashes Out of World Cup

Germany became the latest defending champion to crash out of the World Cup at the first hurdle, part of a trend

but definitely not part of the plan when Germany arrived here.

A smooth-running___11___machine when it won the Cup in 2014, Germany now appears in need of a reform after losing,2-0,to South Korea here on Wednesday and saying goodbye to Russia about three weeks earlier than many expected.

It has been the earliest exit for a German team at the World Cup since 1938,which seems even more

___12___when you consider Hitler was then the country's leader and only 15 teams participated.

With stars like Kroos, Mesut ?zil and Mats Hummels, Germany won every match in___13___for this World Cup, the first German team to do so. But it could not even___14___it out of the group phase in Russia.

There seems to be a World Cup curse at___15___.Since the 1998 edition, the defending champion has been eliminated in the group phase on four occasions: France in 2002, Italy in 2010, Spain in 2014 and now Germany.

But this team's early exit was still a(n)___16___shock, and Joachim L?w, the German coach since 2006, used that same word—"shock," in his own language-to describe the experience on Wednesday.

“The___17___of being eliminated is just huge,” said L?w, who added that the team deserved to go out early.

“It turned___18___. I must take responsibility for this.”

A four-time World Cup winner, Germany was a finalist in 2002, third in 2006 and 2010 and the champion in 2014 after dealing the host nation of Brazil a 7-1 defeat in the semifinals, the ___19___of which still leaves many Brazilians in pain.

The Germans certainly have historical company, however. The list of defending champions to lose very early shows how____20____it is to maintain momentum and focus with national teams whose players practice and play together much less frequently than they do with their clubs.

（B)

从方框里选择合适的词语的适当形式填空。

The New York subway system is one of the largest in the world, ferrying nearly eight and a half million people around the city every week. Riders find more than___21___below the streets; among the dirt and the screech of the trains,there is also music.The subway system is like a free___22___hall,offering almost every kind of music.

You never know what you might___23___,depending on the day of the week and the particular station.At a subway platform below Pennsylvania station one afternoon recently,Rawl Mitchell, an immigrant from Trinidad and Tobago,was playing the steel drums. He said he's been performing in the subway since the mid-1990s. “The people do___24___the music,"he said."They stand around listening and if it pleases them,they applaud and put their money

in the case or whatever.They___25___clap and say things like 'It's nice.' Th ey offer me some positive feedback.”

Singer-songwriter Rosateresa, who often sings on a station at 14th Street, has been at it almost as long.She moved from Puerto Rico to study classical voice several decades ago."My___26___is to sing like the jilguero,a Puerto Rican bird, which wakes up the sun,” said Rosateresa.

Mitchell and Rosateresa both perform___27___,outside the transit authority's official "Music Under New York” program, which sponsor 150 performances each week, by more than 200 individuals and groups.

Like Rosateresa and Mitchell,Musicians who participate in “Music Under New York"___28___only whatever people choose to give.Opera singers Tom McNichols and Patricia Vital,part of a group called“Opera Collective",said they___29___performing in the subways, though it isn't lucrative. "Music in general is not about money, and 'Music Under New York' is definitely more about making opera ___30___ than it is about making a living,"McNichols said. III.Reading Comprehension

Section A Direction:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

（A)

You can actually catch a good mood or a bad mood from your friends, according to a recent study in the journal Royal Society Open Science.But that shouldn't stop you from___31___with pals who are down in the dumps,say the study authors:___32___,the effect isn't large enough to push you into depression.

The new study adds to a growing body of research suggesting that happiness and sadness-as well as lifestyle and behavioral factors like smoking,drinking,obesity,fitness habits and even the ability to

concentrate-can___33___across social networks, both online and in real life.But while many___34___studies have only looked at friendship data at one point in time, this is one of the few that measured social and mood changes over time.

The new research involved groups of junior-high and high-school students who took part in___35___ screenings(筛查）and answered questions about their best friends, many of whom were also enrolled in the study. In total,2,194 students were included in the___36___,which used a mathematical model to look for connections among friend networks.

Overall,kids whose friends suffered from bad moods were more___37___to report bad moods themselves- and they were less likely to have improved when they were screened again six months to a year later. When people had more happy friends,___38___,their moods were more likely to improve over time.

Some symptoms related to depression-like helplessness,tiredness and loss of interest-also seemed to follow this___39___,which scientists call “social contagion.”But this isn't something that people need to ___40___,says lead author Robert Eyre,a doctoral student at the University of Warwick. Rather, it's likely just a

“___41___empathetic response that we're all familiar with, and something we recognize by common sense,"he says. In other words,when a friend is going through a rough patch, it makes sense that you'll feel some of their

___42___,and it's certainly not a reason to stay away.

The study also found that having friends who were clinically depressed did not ___43___ participants' risk of becoming depressed themselves. “Your friends do not put you at risk of illness," says Eyre,"so a good course of action is simply to___44___them."To boost both of your moods, he suggests doing things together that you both

___45___-and taking other friends along to further spread those good fe elings,too.”

31. A. keeping up B. making off C. hanging out D. getting away

32. A. Thankfully B. Particularly C. Hopefully D. Totally

33. A. increase B. generate C. delay D. spread

34. A. growing B. previous C. real D. large-scale

35. A. depression B. anxiety C. anger D. friendship

36. A. assessment B. examination C. analysis D. exercise

37. A. willing B. reluctant C. able D. likely

38. A. what's worse B. as a result C. on the other hand D. in one word

39. A. prediction B. pattern C. report D. improvement

40. A. worry about B. look for C. rely on D. put forward

41. A. social B. normal C. rough D. certain

42. A. symptoms B. responses C. recognition D. pain

43. A. eliminate B. conceal C. increase D. sugarcoat

44. A. enlighten B. entertain C. empower D. support

45. A. enjoy B. understand C. advise D. permit

（B)

Many of China's ancient architectural treasures crumbled to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were by far the best-known ___46___ to operate in China.Their ___47___ have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.

Becoming China's first architectural historians was no easy___48___.The buildings they wanted to___49___ were centuries old, often in shambles and located in distant parts of the country. In many cases, they had to journey through ___50___conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them.

___51___China's outlying areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy, poorly maintained roads by mule, or

on foot.This was a(n)___52___undertaking both for Liang,who walked with a bad limp(跛）after a motorcycle accident as a young man, and Lin,who had a lung disease for years. Inns were often unimaginably dirty,food could be tainted(污染的），and there was always ___53___ of violence from rebels,soldiers and bandits.

Their greatest discovery came on an expedition in 1937 when they dated and extremely___54___catalogued Foguang Si, or the Temple of Buddha's Light, in Wutai County,Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was___55___in 857 A.D.,making it the oldest building known in China at the time. (It is now the fourth-oldest known).

Liang and Lin crawled into the temple's most___56___areas to determine its age, including one aerie inhabited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. Liang wrote of

the___57___in an account included in "Liang and Lin:Partners in Exploring China's Architectural Past," the English-language story of their lives written by Wilma Fairbank,their close friend and correspondent.

＂In complete darkness and amid the___58___smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths,we measured,drew,and photographed with flashlights for several hours,"Liang wrote."When ___59___we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our backpack.We ourselves had been badly bitten.Yet the___60___and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture."

46. A. architects B. historians C. preservationists D. travelers

47. A. documents B. efforts C. operations D. encouragements

48. A. achievement B. dream C. determination D. breakthrough

49. A. construct B. develop C. announce D. save

50. A. opposing B. unexpected C. unfamiliar D. dangerous

51. A. Exploring B. Touring C. Developing D. Overlooking

52. A. unadvisable B. priceless C. demanding D. worthless

53. A. tolerance B. accusation C. suspicion D. risk

54. A. efficiently B. carefully C. merrily D. creatively

55. A. built B. ruined C. discovered D. recorded

56. A. untidy B. ancient C. forgotten D. important

57. A. crawl B. experience C. prospect ion D. exploitation

58. A. unknown B. disgusting C. hard D. thick

59. A. at last B. in contrast C. in result D. with effort

60. A. misery B. result C. reflection D. importance

Section B

Direction: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.

For each of them in passage A,B and C, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

（A)

Sandra Boynton, a children’s author, has in more recent years branched out into kids music. Her most recent album Hog Wild!, for example, features Samuel L. Jackson as a Tyrannosaurus Rex. She talked in an interview about how to tap into kids' imaginations and how to make scary things less threatening for them.

In your years of writing and illustrating children’s books, have y ou noticed anything that really sparks a child’s imagination?

I think maybe there’s no basic difference between what fascinates a child and what fascinates the rest of us. We’re all drawn to things that wake us u p,things that grab our attention through our hearing or our sight or our sense of touch. We’re curious about the world as it is, and we’re curious about what could be. Imag ination follows curiosity pretty naturally.

It doesn’t feel to me like it’s been a long time that I’ve been drawing and writing things. It doesn’t feel like a short time, either. It just feels like what I do. I make things. I’m a permanent Kindergartner, I guess.

You often take a threatening figure like a Tyrannosaurus Rex or a monster and make him cute. Do you have any suggestions for how to make children less afraid of things?

Actually, I think kids kind of like being afraid of things, as long as someone calm is right there with reassurance. Hugging helps.

What have you learned about childhood from writing kids’ books?

Accessing childhood has actually never been that hard. It’s adulthood that’s still perplexing. I would guess that most children’s book writers are that way. I’m really writing books and making music for my own child-self. But I’m certainly delighted and grateful that my books work for people other than just me. It keeps me from having to find an actual job.

A lot of authors are worried that children spend too much time on digital devices rather than with books, but you seem to have embraced it. Why?

When the interactive book app universe was new, I was, as a creator of things, curious. My background is theater, and I thought it could be intere sting to try to figure out how to create content that’s both theater-like and book-like. I found a superb partner in this, the insanely ingenious Loud Crow Interactive in Vancouver. We worked intensively together for a couple of years and made five very co ol apps. I’m proud of them. But now, having too often

seen very young kids sitting idly, staring at screens, I have my doubts.

61. What does Sandra Boynton think about imagination?

A. It fascinates both adults and children.

B. It can be waken up by attention to senses.

C. It can be naturally aroused out of curiosity.

D. It lasts for long in a permanent kindergartner.

62. When writ ing children’s books, Sandra ______.

A. finds herself confused about remembering childhood

B. agrees with other book writers that writing is hard

C. puts herself in a child’s place and thinks like a child

D. is delighted that she doesn’t need to find anoth er job

63. Sandra thinks the apps she made with her partner were cool because they were ______.

A. new ways to increase interactions between users

B. interactive by combining theatre and book

C. beneficial with the content both theatre-like and book-like

D. created by an insanely ingenious expert and friend

64.We can conclude from the interview that ______. A. Sandra is good at making a threatening figure cute B. kids are always calm instead of being afraid of things C. digital devices have been embraced by most of the authors D. there were no interactive book apps before Sandra’s apps FOUR BOOKS YOU SHOULD READ Caroline Leavitt Cruel Beautiful World At age 16 Lucy is a lonely orphan living with older sister Charlotte and devoted aunt Iris in Waltham,Massachusetts. On the last day of school, she runs away with her 30-year-old teacher, William, and settles in a hillside shack in rural Pennsylvania, near his new teaching job. Though Lucy feels increasingly isolated, William won’t allow her any outlet. L eavitt draws upon a real-life crime that

involved a girl she knew in high school. She tells her story from multiple viewpoints, building tension and empathy for Lucy and Charlotte as tragedy swallows them.

Steven Price By Gaslight

Price, an award-winning Canadian poet, achieves an extraordinary achievement of Dickensian storytelling in his weighty second novel. His hero is William Pinkerton, son of the founder of the legendary detective agency, who finds clues in his late father’s safe to the case of William Shade. This mythic thief had disturbed and upset his father. William tracks a Shade accomplice（共犯）, Charlotte Reckitt, to London, only to find she’s been found dead in the Thames. Also on the scene is Adam Foole, who is obsessed with Charlotte, who he met while stealing De Beers diamonds from a South African mine. Price ably arranges dozens of interlinking plotlines as he spans three continents and several decades, from American Civil War battlefields to Scotland Yard at the end of the 19th Century.

GeFei

The Invisibility Cloak

Beijing-based GeFei (pen name for Liu Yong) won the 2015 Mao Dun Lite rature Prize for fiction “describing the changing spirit of Chinese society” over the past century. The Invisibility Cloak, his first English publication, revolves around Cui, a divorced man who creates customized hi-fi speakers for Beijing’s newly wealthy and a few intellectuals. Beijing’s rapid expansion has left Cui longing for an invisible life away from the city. His chance comes when he agrees to build a world-class sound system for a gangster（黑社会老大）. GeFei’s nice irony, translated from the Chinese by Canaan Morse, should find many fans.

Tim Harford Messy

The temptation to be neat and tidy may be powerful, but “we would be better served by embracing a degree of mess,” Harford argues. His defense of the creative potential of the imperfect, crude, random, vague, difficult, diverse and even dirty is refreshing. Reaching into the arts, politics, business, science and technology, Harford makes a compelling case for opening up to disorder and luck.

65. Which author does NOT tell a story in his / her work listed above?

A. Caroline Leavitt

B. Steven Price

C. GeFei

D. Tim Harford

66. Jack is an American who would like everything to be neat and tidy. He loves reading novels with ironic humor and detective stories. He is going to work and live in Beijing for the next three years, and he is very curious about the place he is soon heading to. Which book will he most likely choose to read now?

A. Cruel Beautiful World

B. By Gaslight

C. The Invisibility Cloak

D. Messy

67. This page is intended for people who want to ______.

A. buy newly-published books at a discount

B. recommend books to friends and family

C. know what books are worthwhile to read

D. understand the current trend in literature

（C)

To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravat es the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking,human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual labourer, tired out with a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use

inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend. As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire — for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from the avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.

It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest f orms. But Fortune’s favoured children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their mind.

68. What does “are toiled” in the 2nd paragraph mean?

A. have hobbies

B. feel pleased

C. work very hard

D. are busy

69. Which is NOT true based on the first two paragraphs?

A. Being late in life to attempt to cultivate hobbies adds to mental stress.

B. Great knowledge irrelevant to the daily work can’t guarantee benefit.

C. Those tired out for a week’s labour are reluctant to play fo otball on weekends.

D. Unfortunate people need discipline to help them build up hope.

70. For those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure, they ______.

A. are very willing to work long hours in the office or the factory

B. earn a large amount of money due to their hard work for a long time

C. are keen to enjoy the pleasure when they are off duty

D. usually enjoy themselves in the simplest and most modest forms

71. Which statement will the author agree with according to the 3rd paragraph?

A. The first class are lazy and the second class are bound to succeed.

B. The second class never need holidays because their life is harmonious.

C. The minority are more favoured by fortune because they never stop working.

D. One really needs alternation for a change in order to work better.

（D)

Ladies and gentlemen,

I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but to my work - a life's work in the agony（痛苦）and sweat of the human spirit. But I would like to use this moment as a climax from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same agony and sweat, among whom is already that one who will someday stand here where I am standing.

Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat.

He, the writer, must learn them again. He must teach himself that the worst of all things is to be afraid; and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story is short-lived and doomed - love and honor and pity and pride and sympathy and sacrifice. Until he does so, he labors under a curse（诅咒）. He writes not of love but of desire, of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value, of victories without hope and, worst of all, without pity or sympathy. His griefs grieve on no universal bones, leaving no scars. He writes not of the heart but of the glands（腺体）.

Until he relearns these things, he will write as though he stood among and watched the end of man. I decline to accept the end of man. It is easy enough to say that man is immortal simply because he will endure. I refuse to accept this. I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of sympathy and sacrifice and endurance. The poet's, the writer's, duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and sympathy and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past. The poet's voice need not merely be the record of man, it can be one of the pillars to help him endure and prevail.

72. The word “that” in the 2nd paragraph probably means ______.

A. the agony and sweat of the human spirit

B. the general and universal physical fear

C. the sustenance and endurance for a long time

D. the human heart in conflict with itself

73. According to the speaker, the old truths of the heart are so important that ______.

A. they are love, honor, pity, pride, sympathy and sacrifice

B. they prolong a writer’s life and protect him from curses

C. they are the soul of a real and powerful piece of writing

D. they can effectively stop the trend towards the end of man

74. How can poets / writers help man endure and prevail?

A. By inspiring man with his past glories through words.

B. By helping man endure the end through endless voices.

C. By recording sympathy, sacrifice and endurance in his soul.

D. By building spiritual pillars through immortal hearts.

75.The speaker may probably agree that ______. A. the award was not fair because his life was too painful B. young writers now are too fearful to bear the agony and sweat C. the biggest obstacle to good writing is the writer’s fear D. writing about man’s soul signals his final prevalence（E) By now you’ve probably heard about the “you’re not special” speech, when English teacher David McCullough

told graduating seniors at We llesley High School: “Do not get the idea you’re anything special, because you’re not.” Mothers and fathers present at the ceremony — and a whole lot of other parents across the Internet — took issue with McCullough’s ego-puncturing words. But lost in the uproar was something we really should be taking to heart: our young people actually have no idea whether they’re particularly talented or accomplished o r not. In our eagerness to elevate their self-esteem, we forgot to teach them how to realistically assess their own abilities, a crucial requirement for getting better at anything from math to music to sports. In fact, it’s not just privileged high-school students: we all tend to view ourselves as above average.

Such inflated self-judgments have been found i n study after study, and it’s often exactly when we’re least competent at a given task that we rate our performance most generously. In a 2006 study published in the journal Medical Education, for example, medical students who scored the lowest on an essay test were the most charitable in their self-evaluations, while high-scoring students judged themselves much more stringently. Poor students, the author s note, “lack insight” into their own inadequacy. Why should this be? Another study, led by Cornell Univ ersity psychologist David Dunning, offers an enlightening explanation. People who are incompetent, he writes with coauthor Justin Kruger, suffer from a “dual burden”: they’re not good at what they do, and their very ineptness

prevents them from recognizing how bad they are.

In Dunning and Kruger’s study, subjects scoring at the bottom of the heap on tests of logic, grammar and humor “extremely overestimated” their talents. Although their test scores put them in the 12th percentile, they guessed they were in the 62nd. What these individuals lacked (in addition to clear logic, proper grammar and a sense of humor) was “metacognitive skill”: the capacity to monitor how well they’re performing. In the absence of that capacity, the subjects arrived at an overly ho peful view of their own abilities. There’s a paradox here, the authors note: “The skills that engender competence in a particular domain are often the very same skills necessary to evaluate competence in that domain.” In other words, to get better at judging how well we’re doing at an activity, we have to get better at the activity itself.

There are a couple of ways out of this double bind. First, we can learn to make honest comparisons with others. Train yourself to recognize excellence, even when you your self don’t possess it, and compare what you can do against what truly excellent individuals are able to accomplish. Second, seek out feedback that is frequent, accurate and specific. Find a critic who will tell you not only how poorly you’re doing, but just what it is that you’re doing wrong. As Dunning and Kruger note, success indicates to us that everything went right, but failure is more ambiguous: any number of things could have gone wrong. Use this external feedback to figure out exactly where and when you screwed up.

If we adopt these strategies — and most importantly, teach them to our children —they won’t need parents, or a commencement（毕业典礼）speaker, to tell them that they’re special. They’ll already know that they are, or have a plan to get that way.

76. Which can be the best title of this passage?

A. Special or Not? Teach Kids To Figure It Out

B. Let's Admit That We Are Not That Special

C. Tips On Making Ourselves More Special

D. Tell The Truth: Kids Overestimate their Talents

77. The author thinks the real problem is that ______.

A. we don't know whether our young people are talented or not

B. young people don't know how to assess their abilities realistically

C. no requirement is set up for young people to get better

D. we always tend to consider ourselves to be privileged

78. Which is NOT mentioned about poor students according to the passage?

A. They usually give themselves high scores in self-evaluations.

B. They tend to be unable to know exactly how bad they are.

C. They are intelligently inadequate in tests and exams.

D. They lack the capacity to monitor how well they are performing.

79. We can infer from the passage that those high-scoring students ______.

A. know how to cultivate clear logic and proper grammar

B. don't know how well they perform due to their stringent self-judgement

C. don't view themselves as competent because they know their limits

D. tend to be very competent in their high-scoring fields.

80. The strategies of becoming special suggest that ______.

A. we need internal honesty with ourselves and external honesty from others

B. the best way to get better is to carefully study past success and failure

C. through comparison with others, one will know where and when he fails

D. neither parents nor a commencement speaker can tell whether one is special

Section C

Directions:Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

When we talk about healthy brain ageing we are really discussing one of two things: how to minimise ongoing damage to the hardware of the brain, mostly by keeping its blood supply as good as possible; or how to improve the operation of the brain's software.

_____81_____There is currently no magic bullet to protect the brain, but one area that has been best researched, and about which we can say with reasonable confidence,"this will help", is mental activity.

There is plenty of evidence that older people who stay mentally active, by learning a new language, doing crosswords or taking part in other intellectually challenging activities,preserve full cognitive function for longer. They have spent more time doing cognitively demanding activities over a lifetime, and they are, to some extent, buffered from the physical effects of brain ageing and degenerative diseases. We call this buffer "cognitive reserve"－a back-up reservoir of brain function that can protect from the consequences of brain damage, allowing us to Continue to perform well. For example, people with a higher IQ, longer education or cognitively challenging employment have been found to have a lower risk of developing dementia.___82___In fact, studies have found that people with higher cognitive reserve who do get dementia exhibit less severe symptoms even when they have more brain damage than those with lower cognitive reserve.

___83___ The more we understand about its role in protecting our brain and how to boost our reserve,the more effective we will be in designing interventions to keep the human brain healthier for longer. The good news is that

cognitive reserve isn't exclusive to those who have the IQ of a genius or who've devoted their life to theoretical physics. ___84___Therefore, taking part in cognitively challenging activities, learning new skills and continuing to “use it or lose it" probably applies no matter how old you are. Crucial ly,it's never too late to start.

A. We think it can be built up throughout life for everyone.

B. Though there is not enough scientific research about it, many suggestions have been put forward.

C. This is despite the fact that their brains actually show normal amounts of age- and disease-related damage.

D. However, studies about the potential of cognitive reserve for optimising the brain's resilience leave much to be desired.

E. Many ways of doing this have been suggested, but few have scientific weight behind them.

F. Yet there's still much to discover about the potential of cognitive reserve for optimising the brain's resilience. V. Translation

Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

85. 直到这一刻，亨利才意识到以往那种无忧无虑的日子结束了。（Not) (汉译英）

86. 我突然意识到我们能够帮助父母做点简单的家务，比如把脏衣服分成几堆。（strike) (汉译英）

87. 没有一个孩子在成长过程中不犯任何错误，关键在于能否吃一堑，长一智。（learn) (汉译英）

88. 这个宏伟的古镇重建计划由于缺乏资金而被暂时搁置，因为它表面上看上去很完美，但实际还需要充分的讨论。（surface) (汉译英）

2018-2019学年上海中学高三上英语期中英语试卷

II.Grammar and Vocabulary Section B Recently,I flew to Las Vegas to attend a meeting.As we were about to arrive,the pilot announced with apology that there would be a slight delay before setting down.High desert winds had forced the airport to close all but one runway.He said that we would be circling the city for a few minutes waiting to land.We were also told to remain in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts(21)________(fasten) because there might be a few bumps.Well,that few minutes turned into about forty-five minutes, including a ride that would make a roller coaster(22)________(pale)by comparison. The movement was so sudden(23)________several passengers felt sick and had to use airsickness bags.(24)________you might guess,that’s not good thing to happen in a narrow space because it only serves to increase the discomfort of the situation. About twenty minutes into the adventure,the entire airplane became very quiet.There was now a sense of anxiety and fear that could be distinctly noticed.Every passenger simply held on for dear life… (25)________one.A baby was having a good time!With each bump of the aircraft,he(26)________let out a giggle of happiness.As I observed this,I realized that he didn’t know he was supposed to be afraid and worried about his safety.He(27)________thought about the past nor about the future.Those are (28)________we grown-ups have learned from experience.He was enjoying the ride because he (29)________(not teach)to fear it.(30)________(understand)this,I took a deep breath and sat back into my seat,pretending I was really on a roller coaster.I smiled for the rest of the flight.I even managed to giggle once or twice,which is much to the chagrin of the man sitting next to me holding the airsickness bag. C Section People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot be eaten.If you lived in the Mediterranean,for instance,you would consider octopus a great__31__.You would not be able to understand why some people find it repulsive.On the other hand,your stomach would__32__ at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat---the__33__accepted practice in many northern countries.The sad truth is that most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods and we__34__to them all our lives. No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail.Cooked in wine, snails are a great luxury in various parts of the world.There are countless people who,ever since their early years,have learned to__35__snails with food.My friend,Robert,lives in a country where snails are despised.As his flat is in a large town,he has no garden of his own.For years he has been asking me to collect snails from my garden and take them to him.The idea never appealed to me very much,but one day,after a heavy__36__,I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my__37__plants.Acting on a sudden impulse,I collected several dozen,put them in a paper bag,and took them to Robert.Robert was delighted to see me and__38__pleased with my little gift.I left the bag in the hall and Robert and I went into the living room where we talked for a couple of hours.I had forgotten all about the snails when Robert suddenly said that I must stay to dinner. 第1页/共8页

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2018年上海市秋考高考英语试卷(精校Word版含答案)

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上海市松江区2019届高三英语一模

上海市松江区2019届高三英语一模 -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1

学霸学习提醒一、课本是最好的老师。要注重基础，反复研读课本，巩固基础知识。二、要养成良好的学习习惯。良好的学习习惯是高效率掌握知识的保障。三、要保持良好的学习状态，自信踏实，刻苦努力，以饱满的精神迎接新一天的挑战。四、课堂上：专心听讲是第一位。事实证明，自以为是的确是不好的习惯。同样的例题，自己看懂与听老师讲懂是完全不同的两种效果。五、建议同学们在课外多投入些时间做题，并且要从心里重视数学。还应该准备一个错题本，老老实实地将每次错过的题抄在上面，并写上正确的解题思路，变不懂为精通。特别提醒：请学习稍差的同学一定不要放弃，哪怕到最后一学期，也不能放弃。只要按照老师说的去做，只要塌实地付出了，就一定 2

会有奇迹出现。永远不要放弃拼搏，因为奇迹只发生在相信奇迹存在的人身上！！！松江区2018学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三英语（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟） 2018.12 考生注意： 1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。 2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写考试号和姓名。 3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A （10分） Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. A bus. B. A computer. C. A telescope. D. An elevator. 2. A. Salesman and customer. B. Boss and secretary. C. Husband and wife. D. Interviewer and interviewee. 3. A. Stamp collecting. B. Reading. C. Painting. D. Photography. 4. A. He lost a button at work. B. He thinks he damaged the woman’s calculator. 3

2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解B篇--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)

III. Reading Comprehension Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. B Kettlebells do not hurt people. People do. A kettlebell will get your respect – the easy way or the hard way. Here is the easy way. 1. Get a medical clearance. Get clearance, especially from an orthopedist and a cardiologist. The latter is no joking matter, since kettlebell training can be extremely intense. 2. Always be aware of your surroundings. Find a training area with a non-slippery surface on which you are not afraid to drop a kettlebell. The area must be clear of objects you might trip over – including other kettlebells – or that you might hit with a kettlebell. There should be no people or animals in a radius where you could injure them. 3. Train barefoot or wear shoes with a flat, thin sole and room for the toes to spread. Training barefoot is superior for health and performance reasons. If you must wear shoes, wear Converse Chuck Taylors, Vibram Five Fingers, or similar shoes that have thin soles and do not pinch the toes together. You have sensory receptors on the bottoms of your feet that make you stronger and improve balance and coordination. Wearing traditional shoes diminishes the ability of these receptors to work properly, and therefore inhibits performance and can increase the risk of injury. Go native. 4. Never contest for space with a kettlebell. Do not try to save a rep that has gone wrong. Guide the kettlebell to fall harmlessly, and move out of the way if necessary. And remember, quick feet are happy feet. 5. Practice all safety measures at all times. Respect every kettlebell, even the lightest one. Always use perfect form picking up and setting down a kettlebell. The set is not over until the bell is safely parked.

2018届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编--阅读理解B篇(带答案精确校对)

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C. She forgot to tell him the message. 3. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A. Salesgirl and customer. B. Passenger and driver. C. Wife and husband. 4. What is the woman’s opinion about the course? A. Too hard. B. Worth taking. C. Very easy. 5. What is the woman doing? A. She is apologizing. B. She is complaining. C. She is worrying. 第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出虽佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟; 听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. Who wants to attend a US university? A. A daughter of the man’s friend. B. The man’s daughter. C. The man’s friend. 7. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a classroom. B. Over the phone. C. At a language