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英语文化常识

英语文化常识
英语文化常识

今日话题:辅音如何分类

1. 发音部位(places of articulation):双唇音(bilabial)、唇齿音(labiodental)、齿间音(dental)等;

2.发音方法(manners of articulation):、爆破音(stop)、摩擦音(fricatives)、破擦音(affricates)、鼻音(nasal)、边音(lateral)等;

3.声带状态:清辅音、浊辅音。

因此更正第七期第十道

10. English consonants can be classified into stops, fri catives, nasals, etc, in terms of ____

A manner of articulation

B openness of mouth

C place of articulation

D voicing

选择A而不是 C

1. St. Lawrence and River Columbia are shared by bot

h ____

A America and Mexico

B America and Canada

C America and Cuba

D America and Brazil

2. European settlement of Australia began in the late p art of ____ when a British penal colony was establishe

d on th

e east coast o

f the continent.

A the 16th century

B the 17th century

C the 18th centu ry

D the 19th century

3. Which sport is supposed to be America’s

national sp ort and used to be call “American’s

favorable pastime ”?

A baseball

B basketball

C rugby

D cricket

4. The largest city in New Zealand is ____

A Auckland

B Wellington

C Christchurch

D Dunedin

5. After Adam Bede,____wrote The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner in which moral problems are discuss ed and psychological analysis of characters are empha sized.

A George Eliot

B Jane Austin

C George Dickens

D Ch arlotte Bronte

6.All of the following odes are written by John Keats EXCEPT____

A Ode to Autumn

B Ode to a Nightingale

C Ode to a Skylark

D Ode on Melancholy

7. Of____’s

four famous comedies, the best known is Lady Windermere’s

Fan.

A Oscar Wilde

B Richard Sheridan

C Bernard Shaw

D Somerset Maugham

8. If the air stream meets with no obstruction when a s ound is pronounced, it is a(n) ____

A voiced consonant

B voiceless consonant

C vowel

D explosive 9. The internationally accepted system of phonetic tra nscription is ____

A I.P.A

B I.A.P.S

C I.S.S

D S.S.I.P

10. With the ____, Latin words were added into the vo cabulary of the language spoken in Britain.

A invasion of the Romans

B Christianization of Britai

n

C Scandinavian invasion

D Norman Conquest

答案

BCAAA CACAB

9. 国际音标(international phonetic alphabet)是目前世界上比较通行的音标,简称IPA,最初制定于1886年

每天第一个迎接新一天的国家是哪个呢?

新西兰,由于新西兰整个国家非常狭窄,所以新西

兰的任何地方距离海洋都不超过110公里,全国只有一个时区。新西兰正好位于国际日期变更线以西

的第一个时区,所以它是第一个迎接新一天的国

家。

1. It was during ____ reign that the name Great Britai

n came into being.

A Mary’s

B Anne’s

C Jame II’s

D Oliver Cromwell

2.Where is Edinburgh?

A In Wales

B In Scotland

C In Northern Ireland

D In I reland

3. One of the most famous national parks in the U.S. i s the ____

A Yellowstone National Park

B Hyde Park

C Kakadu National Park

D American Fishing Center

4. New Zealand is just west of the International Date Line, so it is the first country to get ____

A frozen

B wet

C the new day

D united

5. Mr.Darcy is a character in ____

A Tess of the D’Urbervi l les

B Pride and Prejudice

C H appy Prince

D The Mill on the Floss

6. Lyrical Ballads is the joint work between Wordswor

th and his friend____

A Coleridge

B Bryon

C Keats

D Shelly

7.____is the representative work of the Jazz Age

A The Great Gatsby

B On the Road

C Look Back in A nger

D The Sun Also Rises

8. The distinction of langue and parole is made by ___ _

A Hall

B Sapir

C Chomsky

D Saussure

9. ____examines how meaning is encoded in a langua ge.

A Semantics

B Syntax

C Pragmatics

D Morphology

10.The sentence “Iapologize!”

belongs to the categor

y of ____according to the speech act theory.

A. expressive B performative C representative D const ative

答案

BBACB AADAB

constative为叙述句performative为施为句

美国人口构成

1. The population of the United States is a bit more tha

n 272 million, about 13% of which are Black, 12 % ar

e Hispanic(讲西班牙语的人),4% are Asian and the rest are White Americans.

2. It is the third most populous country in the world af

ter China and India.

3. The most populous states are California, Texas, Ne

w York, Florida and Illinois.

4. More than 80% of Americans live in urban areas.

巩固:按照人口数量排列,美国在世界排在第几位;

按照面积排,美国又是排第几位呢?

1. Christmas is usually connected to ____

A the reunion of a large family

B the eating of Easter e

ggs

C the resurrection of Christ

D the forgiving of other’ssins

2. The largest of the ethnic minorities in America is __

__

A the blacks

B the Mexico-Americans

C the Spanish-Americans

D the Chinese

3. The British establish ____colonies along the east co

ast of North American between 16.7 and 1733.

A. 11 B 12 C13 D14

4. The largest university in Canada is ____

A Laval University

B The University of Toronto

C McGill University

D Simon Fraser University

5. Robinson Crusoe is written by ____

A Henry Fielding

B Daniel Defoe

C Samuel Richards

on D Jonathan Swift

6. ____is written by Walt Whitman.

A Representative Men

B English Traits

C Nature

D Le aves of Grass 7. ____is not a novelist.

A Henry James

B Emily Dickinson

C William Dean H owells

D Mark Twain

8. ____is not one of the core branches of linguistics.

A Phonology

B Psycho-linguistics

C Syntax

D Semant ics

9. ____ is the common factor of the three sounds:[p], [ t], [k]

A voiceless

B spread

C voiced

D nasal

10. English consonants can be classified into stops, fri catives, nasals, etc, in terms of ____

A manner of articulation

B openness of mouth

C place of articulation

D voicing

按面积计算,美国继俄罗斯,加拿大,中国之后位

居第四。

按人口计算,美国继中国,印度后,居第三。

答案 ACCBB DBBAA

练习题:

1.The national epic of the Anglo-Saxons is ____.

A Robin Hood

B Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

C The Canterbury Tales

D Beowulf

2. ____was the most outstanding single romance on th

e Arthurian legend written in alliterative verse.

A The Canterbury Tales

B Piers the Plowman

C Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

D Beowulf

3. ____was the most famous for The Canterbury Tales.

A Geoffrey Chaucer

B John Milton

C William Shakespeare

D Francis Bacon

4. Most of the ballads of the 5th century focused on th

e legend about ____ as a heroic figure.

A Green Nights

B Gawain

C Robin Hood

D Hamlet

5.In the 16th century, Thomas More’s

work ____beca me immediately popular after its publication.

A Paradise Lost

B A Pleasant Satire of the Three Estat es

C Of Beauty

D Utopia

6. ____was Edmund Spencer’s

masterpiece which has been regarded as one of the great poems in the English language.

A Amoretti

B The Shepherd’s

Calendar

C The Faerie Queen

D Four Hymns

7. ____ is from Shakespeare’s

sonnet No.18.

A “Let me not to the marriage of true minds” 

B “To be or not to be: that is the question” 

C “Shall I compare thee to a summer’sday” 

D “No longer mourn for me when I am dead” 

8. The vivid portrayal of ____ by Shakespeare in Henr y IV has earn for him an enviable place in the history

of English literature.

A Julius Caesar

B Falstaff

C Hamlet

D King Henry

9.The four great tragedies written by Shakespeare are Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello and ____.

A. Antony and Cleopatra

B. Julius Caesar

C Twelfth Night

D King Lear

10. Which of the following does not belong to Shakes peare’s

romantic love comedies?

A Twelfth Night

B The Tempest

C As You Like It

D The Merchant of Venice

练习题答案及题解:

1.D 《贝奥武夫》是英国一部著名的英国史诗,也

是英国文学中的一部重要作品,用古英语写成。

2.C 《高文爵士和绿衣》以亚瑟王和他的骑士为题

材,歌颂勇敢、忠贞、美德,是中古英语传奇文学

最优秀的作品之一。

3. Chaucer被誉为“英国诗歌之父”,他的代表作是《坎特伯雷故事集》,它是以本土文学为主流的英

国书面文学历史开始的重要标志。

4.C 英国15十几民谣大部分是关于流传于英国民间

家喻户晓的传奇人物罗宾汉和他的伙伴们的故事。

民谣中的罗宾汉是一个仗义疏财,劫富济贫的绿林

好汉。

5.D 托马斯.莫尔是英国重要的早期人文主义者。他

的著作《乌托邦》勾画出了一个社会平等,财产共

有,人民和谐相处的理想大同国。

6. C 长诗《仙后》是英国杰出诗人Edmund Spencer 的杰作,它是英国诗歌创作的典范。Spencer在《仙后》一诗中创造了著名的“斯宾塞诗体”,其影响深远。

7.C “Shall I compare thee to a summer’sd ay”源自莎士比亚著名的第十八首诗。

8.B 喜剧人物福斯坦福是莎士比亚在《亨利四世》

中创造的一个为百姓喜闻乐见的不朽的艺术形象。

福斯坦福是个50多岁的破落骑士,爱冒险又胆怯,喜欢吹牛又贪婪,说谎欺诈,浑水摸鱼,无所不能。同时他生性幽默,喜剧情节和笑料通过他的所言所行妙趣横生。

9.D 莎士比亚的四大悲剧一般指:Hamlet,Macbeth,Othello 以及King Lear。

10.B The Tempest 是莎士比亚后期一部浪漫主义传

奇剧,莎士比亚在创作中坚持人文主义理想,以宽

恕仁爱为主要精神,期创作风格添加了不少浓郁的

浪漫空幻色彩。

练习题:

1."Gold Rush" was vividly depicted in ____ novels.

A Hemingway’s

B Mark Twain’s

C Henry Jame’s

D F aulkner’s

2.The period of Old English literatue refers to ____

A 449-1066

B 14thcentury - mid 17th century

C 14th century- mid 18th century

D 16th century- mid 18th century

3.The great transcendental work by Henry David Thor eau is ____

A Nature

B Walden

C Experience

D Essays

4.____has been entitled the "Father of American Poetr y".

A Philip Freneau

B Ralph Waldo Emerson

C William Cullen Bryant

D Walt Whitman

5. The emotional effect and social significance made _ ___ the first well-known sociological novel in Americ

an Literature.

A The Sun Also Rises

B Uncle Tom’sCabin

C The Old Man and The Sea

D Sister Carrie

6. Stephen Crane is famous for ____

A An American Tragedy

B The Ambassadors

C Main Street

D The Red Badge of Courage

7.Which of the following is NOT true for Benjamin Fr anklin?

A He was a famous writer

B He was a member to draf

t the Declaration of Independence

C He was a great scientist

D He was once elected Ame rican President

8. Whitman’s

poems are characterized by all the follo wing features EXCEPT____

A a strict poetic form

B a simple and conversational la nguage

C a free and natural rhythmic pattern

D an eas y flow of feelings

9.American fiction in the 1960s is retered to as ____

A imagism

B black humor

C new fiction

D the Beat G eneration

10.William Faukener is the author of ____

A Far From the Madding Crowd

B Sound and Fury

C For Whom the Bell Tolls

D Scarlet Letter

练习题答案及题解:

1.B 马克吐温的很多短篇小说对Gold Rush(淘金)进行了很形象的描绘。

2.A Anglo-Saxons所说的语言被称为古英语,Anglo-Saxons是在五世纪中侵入英国领土的,直到1066年诺曼公爵政府英格兰,建立诺曼底王朝,才代替了Anglo-Saxons。

3.B 瓦尔登湖是梭罗最杰出的超验主义作品。

4.A Philip Freneau(1752--1832)被称为“美国诗歌之父”。著有:The wild Honey Suckle;To The Memory of Brave Americans。

5.B 汤姆叔叔家的小屋是美国文学史上第一部揭示

黑人被虐待,宣扬反奴隶制度的小说,激发了社会

各界人士的感情,是一部社会性质很强的小说。

6.D The Red Badge of Courage《红色英勇勋章》是Stephen Grane的代表作。

7.D Benjamin Franklin 是伟大的作家,科学家,还

是美国独立宣言的撰写人之一,但是未曾担任过美

国总统。

8.A Whitman主张自由诗体,认为诗歌不应该收到

格律约束。他的代表作《草叶集》标志着真正意义

上美国诗歌的诞生。

9.B 黑色幽默是二十世纪六十年代盛行的小说类

型,用幽默的手法来揭示可悲的现实。

10.B Far From the Madding Crowd为托马斯哈代的作品;For Whom the Bell Tolls为海明威的作品;Scarlet Letter为霍桑的作品。

练习题:

1 As a philosophical and literary moment, _____ flour ished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War.

A modernism

B rationalism

C sentimentalism

D transc endentalism

2 Poe’s

first collection of stories is _____.

A Tales of Traveler

B Leather Stocking Tales

C Canterbury Tales

D Tales of the Goteque and Arabesque 3 Which book is not written by Emerson?

A The American Scholar

B Self-Reliance

C Nature

D Civil Disobedience

4 The finest example of Hawthorn’s

symbolism is the recreation of Puritan Boston in _____.

A The Scarlet Letter

B Young Goodman Brown

C The Marble Fawn

D The Ambitious Guest

5 The chief spokesman of New England Transcendent alism is _____.

A Nathaniel Hawthorn

B Ralph Waldo Emerson

C Henry David Thoreau

D Washington Irving

6 Transcendentalists recognized _____ as the “highest power of the soul”.

A intuition

B logic

C data of senses

D thinking

7 Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”?

A The American Scholar

B English Traits

C The Conduct of Life

D Representative Men

8 American literature produced only one female poet d uring the nineteenth century. This was _____.

A Anne Bradstreet

B Jane Austin

C Emily Dickinson

D Harriet Beecher

9 Captain, My Captain is written for _____.

A Lincoln

B Whitman

C Washington

D Hemingway

10 _____ is not written by Washington Irving.

A The Sketch Book

B Rip Van Winkle

C The Legend of Sleep Hollow

D The Autobiography 练习题答案及题解:

1 D, 从19世纪30年代到内战期间的主要文学流派

是超验主义,以爱默生为代表。

2 D, 坡的第一部故事集是《怪诞奇异故事集》。

3 D, 《论市民之不服从》是梭罗的作品。其他全为

爱默生的作品。

4 A, 霍桑作品中的象征主义手法主要体现在他的著

作《红字》中。

5 B, 超验主义以爱默生为代表。

6 A, 超验主义认为人类精神的最高力量存在于人的

直觉中。

7 A, 被称为“美国精神独立宣言”的是爱默生的《美

国学者》。书中表达了美国人追求自己的文化独立

以及文学独立身份的要求。

8 C, 19世纪美国的杰出女诗人是艾米莉?迪金森(1830—1886)。

9 A, 《阿,船长啊,我的船长!》是惠特曼为纪念林

肯总统而作的。

10 D, 《见闻札记》、《睡谷的传说》、《瑞普?凡?温克尔》都是华盛顿?欧文的作品,但是《自传》是本杰明?富兰克林的作品

练习题:

1 How many members are there in the House of Com mons?

A 650

B 524

C 72

D 651

2 Which of the following people didn’t

use to be the B ritish Prime Minister?

A Margaret Thatcher

B Winston Churchill

C Horatio Nelson

D John Major

3 By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appoi nted _____ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.

A Prime Minister

B Member of Parliament

C Lord of appeal

D Speaker of the House

4 The Tories were the forerunners of _____, which stil l bears this nickname today.

A the Labour Party

B the Conservative Party

C the Liberal Party

D the Social Democratic Party

5 In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the __

__ number of seats in the House of Commons become s the official Opposition.

A largest

B second largest

C third largest

D fourth larg est

6 The term “Britishdisease”

is now often used to char acterize Britain’s

_____ decline.

A political

B educational

C military

D economic

7 The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _____.

A globalization

B nationalization

C privatization

D co mpetition

8 Today, in Britain, ______ is called a “sick”

industry.

A coal mining

B iron and steel

C textiles

D shipbuildi

ng

9 The first steam engine was devised by Thomas New comer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish i nventor ____ modified and improved the design in 17 65.

A

Abraham Darby B James Watt C John Kay D Richard Arkwrightthe

10 _____ created the industrial working class, the prol etariat, and it later led to trade unionism.

A The Chartist Movement

B The Industrial Revolution

C The French Revolution

D The Glorious Revolution

练习题答案及题解:

1 D, 下议院共有651名议员。

2 C, 撒切尔夫人,丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相;而纳尔逊(1758-1805),英国海军统帅,因作战负伤,右眼失明,失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司

令,在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队,本

人受重伤阵亡,号称 Viscount Nelson。

3 A, 在英国,按照传统,多数党的领导人由君主任

命为首相,首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各

部部长职位。

4 B, 托利党是英国保守党的前身。

5 B, 在英国,在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反

对党,它也有它自己的领导和影子内阁(shadow cabinet)。

6 D, 现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上

的衰退。

7 C, 正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一样,20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时代。包括

英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。

8 A, 英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在

一战前达到顶点,如今的英国的煤矿业衰退,从而

导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。

9 B, 第一台蒸汽机是 Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的,后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行了改进提高,生产出了第一台高效的

蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。

10 B, 工业革命产生了工人阶级,即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度

练习题:

1 Which poem is not written by Freneau?

A The British Prison Ship

B The Wild Honey Suckle

C The Indian Burying Ground

D The Flood of Years

2 Thomas Jefferson’s

attitude ,that is , a firm belief in progress, and the pursuit of happiness, is typical of the period we now call _____.

A Age of Evolution

B Age of Reason

C Age of Romanticism

D Age of Regionalism

3 Which of the following is NOT one part of the Leath er Stocking Tales by Cooper?

A The Spy

B The Pathfinder

C The Pioneers

D The D

eerslayer

4 Which statement about Thoreau is NOT right?

A He was a lover of nature.

B He was particular kind of romantic.

C He was polemicist.

D He was a thorough transcendentalist.

5 Which of the following has been called “the manifes to of American Transcendentalism”

?

A Divinity School Address

B Self-reliance

C Nature

D The American Scholar

6 As a philosophical and literary movement, _____ flo urished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil W ar.

A sentimentalism

B transcendentalism

C modernism

D rationalism

7 The period before the American Civil War is general ly referred to as _____.

A the Modern Period

B the Realistic Period

C the Romantic Period

D the Naturalist Period

8 All the following are the works by Nathaniel Hawth orne EXCEPT _____.

A The Marble Faun

B Typee

C The Scarlet Letter

D Mosses from an Old Manse

9 Which of the following is not a work of Emily Dicks on’s?

A I Heard a Fly Buzz when I Died.

B The Raven

C This is My Letter to the World.

D I Like to See it Lap the Miles.

10 Whitman’s

poems are characterized by all the follo wing features EXCEPT ____.

A the strict poetic form

B the free and natural rhythm

C the easy flow of feelings

D the simple and conversational language

练习题答案及题解:

1 D, 《似水流年》是布莱恩特的作品。其他全为弗

伦诺的作品。

2 B, “理性时代”。

3 A, The Spy 不属于《皮靴子》系列。

4 C, 梭罗崇尚自然生活简单,与世无争,不入尘嚣。

5 C, 超验主义的宣言是Nature 一书的发表。

6 B, 19世纪30年代到内战期间是超验主义,以爱

默生等为代表。

7 C, 内战前是浪漫主义。8 B, Typee 是Herman Melville 的作品,其他全为霍

桑的。

9 B, The Raven 《大乌鸦》是艾伦?坡的作品。其他

全为艾米莉的。

10 A, 惠特曼的诗自由、清新、琅琅上口、易于理解,但并不是按照严格的格律来写。

英国内战(1642-1646)

1.On August 22, 1642, the First Civil War began. The king’s men were called Cavaliers, and the supporters of Parliament were called Roundheads.

1642.8.22,第一次内战爆发,支持国王者被成为“骑士派”,支持议会者被成为“圆颅派”。

2.Charles was tried by a High Court of Justice, found guilty of have levied war against his kingdom and the Parliament, condemned to death, and executed on a scaffold outside the Banqueting House at Whitehall on January 30, 1649.

查尔斯在一级高级法院受审,犯有对王国和议会发

动战争之罪,被判死刑,并于1649.1.30在宴会宫窗外的绞刑架上绞死。

1. ____is the core of the English Government.

A the Sovereign

B the House of Lords

C the House of Commons

D the Cabinet

2. Melbourne is located ____

A in Canada

B in New Zealand

C in Ireland

D in Australia

3. ____forced Nixon to resign in 1973.

A The Watergate Scandal

B The Iran-Gate Scandal

C The Un-American Activities Committee

D The New Right

4. The young people in the post-WWI era are referred

to as “_____”

A the Boom Generation

B the Lost Generation

C the Yuppies

D the Cowboys

5. ____was greatly influenced by Chinese and Japanese poetry.

A Ezra Pound

B Walt Whitman

C Robert Frost

D Edgar Allan Poe

6. Which of the following novels was NOT written by Charles Dickens?

A David Copperfield

B The Pickwick Papers

C Oliver Twist

D Women in Love

7. A myth is a ____ tale originally with religious

significance that explains the actions of gods or heroes, the causes of natural phenomena or both. A non-fictional B fictional C gothic D poetic

8. The force of a/an ____ act is identical with the speaker ’s intention.

A illocutionary

B locutionary

C perlocutionary

D prelocutionary

9.Saussure distinguishes the linguistic competence of the speaker as ____

A parole

B language

C system

D langue 10. The noun “tear ” and the verb

“tear ” are ____A homophones B homographs C complete homonyms

D allophones 答案

DDABA DBADB

1 What country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf ?A United States of America

B United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

C New Zealand

D Canada

2 The national anthem of Canada is ____

A Canada The Beautiful

B O Canada

C God Defend Canada

D Advance Canada Fair 3 The capital city of Canada is ____ A Montreal B Toronto C Albert D Ottawa

4 According to the Official Language of Act of Canada, there are two official language in this country: they are____

A English and Spanish

B English and Portuguese

C English and French

D English and Celtic

5Canada is a world ____producer of nickel, zinc, and asbestos ……

A primary

B second

C third

D fourth

6 The highest peak in Canada is ____, which is the Yukon Territory of northwest Canada.

A Mount Lawrence

B Mount Superior

C Mount Logan

D Mount Huron

7 St. Lawrence and River Columbia are shared by both ____

A America and Mexico

B America and Canada

C America and Cuba

D America and Brazil

8 Apart from Paris, France, Montreal is regarded as

the largest____city in the world, known as “Paris the

Second ”.A

Spanish-speaking

B

Portuguese-speaking C

German-speaking D French-speaking

9____, the third largest city in Canada, is well known as Ice-Free Harbor.

A Montreal

B Quebec

C Toronto

D Vancouver 10.Canada is the world ’s ____country in terms of land

area.

A largest

B second largest

C third largest

D fourth

largest

1.D 加拿大国树为枫树,期国徽和国旗上都有枫叶的图案,因此长期以来枫叶被视作加拿大的象征。

2.B 加拿大国歌是《啊!加拿大》

3.D 加拿大首都是渥太华,位于安大略省东南部与魁北克省交界处,是加拿大的经济政治中心,同时也是加拿大的文化中心。

4.C 1867年的《不列颠北美法案》将英法两种语言

定为加拿大联邦政府和魁北克省社会公共机构的官方语言。1968年的《官方语言法案》规定英语和法语均为加拿大官方语言。

5.A 加拿大是世界锌和石棉的第一大生产国,钾碱产量居世界第二,黄金产量居第三,铜产量位居第四。

6.C 加拿大最高峰为洛根峰,海拔6050米。

7.B 美加边境有两条国际河流,一条是哥伦比亚河,

另一条是圣劳伦斯河。

8.D 蒙特利尔的法裔加拿大占全市人口的三分之二,是除了法国巴黎以外世界上最大的法语城市,素有“小巴黎”之称。

9.D 温哥华总人口190万,是加拿大第三大城市和工商业中心,也是不列颠哥伦比亚区的最大城市、加拿大西海岸主要港口和横贯加拿大全景铁路线的终点。它还是一个天然良港,动机不结冰。10.B 加拿大位于美国以北,是世界上仅次于俄国的第二大国家。

练习题:

1 Which of the following is the British oldest daily ne wspaper?

A The Telegraph

B The Guardian

C The News of the World

D The Times

2 The river Thames is in _____.

A Wales

B Scotland

C England

D Northern Ireland

3 The Industrial Revolution started in _____.

A the Great Britain

B the United States

C Canada

D A ustrilia

4 Which of the following is true under Thatcher’s

adm inistration?

A The proportion of owner-occupation decreased.

B Public housing became more important.

C Many public houses were sold to people.

D The UK became more European-like in its housing arrangement.

5 Britain has its nuclear naval force since _____.

A it’s

one of the developed countries in the world

B it’s

a traditional sea power

C it has an advanced industry

D it’s

able to produce submarines

6 Which of the following is the oldest national Sunday newspaper in Britain?

A The Times

B The Guardian

C The Observer

D The Financial Times

7 Big Ben was named after _____.

A Christopher Wren

B Benjamin Hall

C Ben John

D G . Stephenson

8 The Capital of Wales is _____.

A Swansea

B Cardiff

C Rhonda

D Belfast

9 _____ is England’s

biggest naval base.

A Portsmouth

B Southampton

C Plymouth

D Dover

10 There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and _____.

A the Liberal Party

B the Democratic Party

C the Labour Party

D the Republican Party

练习题答案及题解:

1 D, 英国历史上最悠久的日报是《泰晤士报》。

2 C, 泰晤士河位于英格兰。

3 A, 工业革命最早从英国开始。

4 C, 1979年撒切尔夫人成为英国第一任女首相。她提出的政策称被为“撒切尔主义”。其内容包括国有企业私有化,采用货币主义政策以控制通货膨胀,

削弱工会的影响,加强市场因素在经济中的作用,

将公有住房卖给公众,强调法律和秩序。在一定程

度上讲,她的计划是成功的。她领导英国经济度过

了一段最繁华的时期。

5 B, 英国拥有其海军核力量与其一贯的霸主地位是

密切相关的。

6 C, 《观察家报》创刊于1791年,是英国创刊最早的星期日报纸。

7 B, 据说Big Ben 得名于它在1859年修建时候的建造者 Benjamin Hall。

8 B, 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府:加的夫。

9 A, 英国最大的海军基地是普茨茅斯。

10 C, 英国奉行的是两党制。其两大主要政党是保守党和工党。

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About American 1.What is the full name of America? The United States of America 2 How many states are there in the United States? Fifty states 3 What is the capital of the USA Washington D.C. 4 Where is the Stature of Liberty? In New York 5 Where does the American president live ? In the white house About Britain 1 What does UK stand for ? The United Kingdom 2 What us the full name of the UK? The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3What are the four parts of the UK? England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. 4In which continent is the UK situated? In Europe. 5 By which channel is the UK separated The English Channel About China 1.How many ethnic groups are there in China? 56 2.In which continent is China located In Asia 3. what are the four great inventions in ancient China? Paper-making, printing, gunpowder, and the compass 4. What is the largest island in China? Taiwan Island 5. When was the people’s Republic of China founded?

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选择题 第一单元 1、which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London? (D/The sports centre) 2、Which of the following is NOT true about the characteristics of Britain? (B/Differences of social systems between Scotland and Wales(威尔士)) 3、Which of the following is NOT True about Britain? (D/It used to be one of the superpowers in the world) 4、Three of the following are characteristics of London. Which of the four is the EXCEPTION? (C/London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world) 5、The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built by (D/William the Conqueror) 6、Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England? (A/The Anglo-Saxons(盎格鲁-撒克逊人)) 7、Which is the largest city in Scotland? (C/Glasgow(格拉斯哥)) 8、Why did the Scottish Kings decide to form an independent singular Scottish(奇异的苏格兰) state in the century? (A/They needed a unified independent nation to fight against Viking raids (维京人袭击)) 9、Where do the majority of people in Scotland live? (B/In the Lowlands(低地)) 10、Which of the following statements is NOT true? (B/Wales was occupied by the Anglo-Saxons(盎格鲁-撒克逊人)) 11、Which of the following parties in Scotland still wants an independent Scotland? (C/The Scottish Nationalist(民族主义)Party) 12、When did Scotland join the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments(议会)?(D/In 1701) 13、Llywelyn ap Gruffudd is not a simple historical figure for the Welsh. He is almost considered the legendary(传奇) hero of Welsh nationalism because (D/he unified Wales as an independent nation) 第二单元 1、In the 17th century the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of

英语文化常识题大学生英语竞赛

英语文化常识题大学 生英语竞赛 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

英语文化常识题库 1.Where were the second Olympic Games held? A. France B. Australia C. America D. British 2.Which city in Asia is the first city to bid for the Olympic Games? A.Beijing B. Seoul C. Tokyo D. New Delhi 3.Which session is the largest Olympic Games? 4. A.The 22nd B. The 24th C. The 23rd D. The 25th 4. Who is the Father of the Olympics? A.Samaranch B. Coubertin C.Roger D.Yu zaiqing 5. What is not the slogan of the Olympic? A.Quicker B.higher C.stronger D.bigger 6. When is the Olympic Day A.June.23 B.July.23 C.August.23 D.September.23 7. What does the track and field contain? A. Track and field events B. Track events C. Field events D. Track events, field events and All-around competition 8. Where is Olympic Games’ birthplace? A. Olympia B. France C. Greece D. America 9. When is International Olympic Day? A. March.26th B. Feb.14th C. June.23rd D. July.25th 10. How many traffic circles(圆环) are there on the Olympic Flag? A. Four B. Five C. Six D. Seven 11. Which sport is the earliest sport in China? A. Badmintons B. Baseball C. Football D. Table tennis 12. How many people are there in one group in a soccer game? A. 12 B. 16 C.18 D.11 13. Which sport is not in triathlon(铁人三项) A. Swimming B. Running C. Riding bicycle D. Skipping 14. The White Olympics and the Winter Olympics __________. A. are the same thing B. are different games C. are not held in winter D. are held in summer 15. Basketball was started _______. A. in Europe B. in the United States C. in the Philippines D. in China 16.Which sport isn’t the Olympic event?

趣味十足的英语文化小常识

趣味十足的英语文化小常识 Honeymoon 同学们一定都知道honeymoon吧,honey(蜂蜜)和 moon(月)结合在一起的意思就是“蜜月”。 honeymoon指的是新婚夫妇结为伉俪的最初一段时光(并非一定是结婚后的第一个月,虽然很多人都有这样的错觉)。 爱情经过长久的期盼和耕耘,相爱的情侣终于手拉手走到了一起,双方的感觉能不像蜜一样甘甜醇美吗? 有一种说法认为honeymoon这个词来源于巴比伦的民俗传统。 这个古老的国家一直保留着这样一个传统,在女儿出嫁的第一个月,女孩的父亲每天都会让女婿喝mead(蜂蜜酒),以希望后辈们的婚姻永远幸福甜蜜。 然而,从词源学的观点来看,这种说法是错误的。 honeymoon 最早出现于16 世纪,honey 用以喻指新婚的甜蜜,但moon并不是指很多人认为的阴历月份(lunar-based month),它是一种苦涩的暗示,旨在告诫人们婚姻固然是幸福甜美的。 但这种甜蜜就像月亮的盈亏,只是暂时的(因此要十分珍惜才对喔!),婚姻更多的意味着双方要一起肩负生活的重担,一起承受人生的酸甜苦辣,一起经受生活的风风雨雨

Darling darling可能是英语中最流行的昵称了,也是最古老的词语之一。早在公元888年,darling就以deorling的形式出现了。 darling一词有多种用法,一般作名词表示“亲爱的人”,作形容词表示“亲爱的;可爱的”,同时darling也可以用来称呼所爱的人或家庭中的成员,如Darling, fetch me another bonbon, please.(亲爱的,请再帮我拿一颗小糖果吧。) darling还可以用作比喻,但经常带有轻微的讽刺意味,表示某人深受一个不大招人喜欢的人或机构的喜爱。比如,Senator is the darling of the oil companies.(参议员是石油公司的宠儿。) 尽管用途广泛,darling的来源却相当简单。darling源于古英语单词deor或deore,表示“所爱的人”或“亲爱的”,这会让你很自然的联想到今天的dear。 词缀ling表示one who is,所以deorling和今天的darling 的意思都是one who is dear. 此外,在夫妇之间,除了darling,还可以用sweetheart、pet、dear、love等称谓。 在男女恋人之间经常使用honey、baby等带有感情色彩的词汇,而一些有了孩子的守旧的老夫妻喜欢互称mother、father。

英美文化知识小点总结

Historic events 一)Hundred Years’ war 百年战争 It was a series of separate conflicts between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their various allies for control of the French throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings. Time: From1337 to 1543 The war is commonly divided into three or four phases, separated by various unsuccessful truces: ①the Edwardian War (1337–1360); ②the Caroline War (1369–1389); ③the Lancastrian War (1415–1453); Cause: The background to the conflict is to be found in 1066, when William, Duke of Normandy, led an invasion of England. He defeated the English King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, and had himself crowned King of England. As Duke of Normandy, he remained a vassal of the French King, and was required to swear fealty to the latter for his lands in France; for a king to swear fealty to another king was considered humiliating, and the Norman Kings of England generally attempted to avoid the service. On the French side, the Capetian monarchs resented a neighboring king holding lands within their own realm, and sought to neutralize the threat England now posed to France The King of England directly ruled more territory on the continent than did the King of France himself. This situation – in which the kings of England owed vassalage to a ruler who was de facto much weaker – was a cause of continual conflict. John of England inherited this great estate from King Richard I. However, Philip II of France acted decisively to exploit the weaknesses of King John, both legally and militarily, and by 1204 had succeeded in wresting control of most of the ancient territorial possessions. Significance: The Hundred Years' War was a time of military evolution. Weapons, tactics, army structure, and the societal meaning of war all changed, partly in response to the demands of the war, partly through advancement in technology, and partly through lessons that warfare taught. The war also stimulated nationalistic sentiment. It devastated France as a land, but it also awakened French nationalism. The Hundred Years' War accelerated the process of transforming France from a feudal monarchy to a centralized state. The conflict became one of not just English and French kings but one between the English and French peoples. There were constant rumours in England that the French meant to invade and destroy the English language. National feeling that emerged out of such rumours unified both France and England further. The Hundred Years War basically confirmed the fall of the French language in England, which had served as the language of the ruling classes and commerce there from the time of the Norman Conquest until 1362 Important Figures: England King Edward III 1327–1377 Edward II's son

英语文化小常识

英语文化小常识 There's no such thing as a free lunch 我们常常听说这样一句话:There's no such thing as a free lunch.(没有免费的午餐),你知道这句话是怎么来的吗?十九世纪的时候,美国有些酒吧给顾客提供“免费的午餐”。所谓午餐,其实不过是些用来和啤酒一起送出的脆饼;而所谓免费,当然不是真的,不买酒喝就没有饼吃。所以,当时有人说:There's no such thing as a free lunch. 到了二十世纪七十年代,经济学家弗里德曼(Milton Friedman)写的一本书用了这句话做书名。他在别的著作、演讲里也多次引用这句话。于是,这句话就又流行了起来。 有时,我们不相信会得到一些优惠,就可以用这句“弗里德曼名言”。 例如:I don't believe he's giving us the money without any ulterior motive. There's no such thing as a free lunch. 我不相信他送钱给我们不是别有用心,世上没有免费的午餐 Honeymoon 大家一定都知道honeymoon吧,honey(蜂蜜)和moon(月)结合在一起的意思就是“蜜月”。honeymoon指的是新婚夫妇结为伉俪的最初一段时光(并非一定是结婚后的第一个月,虽然很多人都有这样的错觉)。爱情经过长久的期盼和耕耘,相爱的情侣终于手拉手走到了一起,双方的感觉能不像蜜一样甘甜醇美吗? 有一种说法认为honeymoon这个词来源于巴比伦的民俗传统。这个古老的国家一直保留着这样一个传统,在女儿出嫁的第一个月,女孩的父亲每天都会让女婿喝mead(蜂蜜酒),以希望后辈们的婚姻永远幸福甜蜜。 然而,从词源学的观点来看,这种说法是错误的。honeymoon 最早出现于16 世纪,honey 用以喻指新婚的甜蜜,但moon并不是指很多人认为的阴历月份(lunar-based month),它是一种苦涩的暗示,旨在告诫人们婚姻固然是幸福甜美的,但这种甜蜜就像月亮的盈亏,只是暂时的(因此要十分珍惜才对喔!),婚姻更多的意味着双方要一起肩负生活的重担,一起承受人生的酸甜苦辣,一起经受生活的风风雨雨 Darling darling可能是英语中最流行的昵称了,也是最古老的词语之一。早在公元888年,darling就以deorling的形式出现了。darling一词有多种用法,一般作名词表示“亲爱的人”,作形容词表示“亲爱的;可爱的”,同时darling也可以用来称呼所爱的人或家庭中的成员,如Darling, fetch me another bonbon, please.(亲爱的,请再帮我拿一颗小糖果吧。)darling还可以用作比喻,但经常带有轻微的讽刺意味,表示某人深受一个不大招人喜欢的人或机构的喜爱。比如,Senator is the darling of the oil companies.(参议员是石油公司的宠儿。) 尽管用途广泛,darling的来源却相当简单。darling源于古英语单词deor或deore,表示“所爱的人”或“亲爱的”,这会让你很自然的联想到今天的dear。词缀ling表示one who is,所以deorling和今天的darling的意思都是one who is dear. 此外,在夫妇之间,除了darling,还可以用sweetheart、pet、dear、love等称谓。在男女恋人之间经常使用honey、baby 等带有感情色彩的词汇,而一些有了孩子的守旧的老夫妻喜欢互称mother、father。甚至还有比这个称呼更传统的,比如在十九世纪的小说《傲慢与偏见》中,Bennet夫妇非常正式地互称对方为Mr. Bennet和Mrs. Bennet。当然,夫妇间还可以有许多更随意更独特的称呼,比如Teddy Bear、Honeybun、Sugar Doll 等等。不过,其中的特别含义大概只有他们自己明白了。 Teach a fish how to swim 你听说过有不会游泳的鱼吗?你听说过鱼因不会游泳而淹死的事吗?如果谁有这样的担忧,就和那个被嘲笑了几百年的担心天会塌下来的杞国人没什么差别了,必定会成为人们茶余饭后的笑料。 作为一种本能,鱼儿天生就是会游泳的,完全适应水底生活,如果有人想教鱼儿how to swim,这和在鲁班门前卖弄使斧头的功夫,在孔老夫子面前卖弄写文章的本领又有什么差异呢? 因此,teach a fish how to swim 的含义就是“班门弄斧”,“在孔夫子面前卖文章”。英语中类似的表达还有:teach a dog to chase rabbits;show the President where the White House is;teach the Pope how to pray;use Chinese maxims in front of Confucius John Bull 在政治漫画里,代表美国的总是又高又瘦的Uncle Sam(山姆大叔);代表英国的呢,则是面色红润的、胖胖的John Bull(约翰牛)。John Bull这个名字是怎么来的呢?英国人和狗的关系非常密切,特别是斗牛犬(bulldog),所以,十八世纪初,作家兼御医Dr. Arbuthnot写了一本《约翰牛传》(The History of John Bull),主张英、法和平相处,书中主角的名字就叫作John Bull,作者用他来代表英国。从此以后,John Bull成了英国和典型英国人的代名词。 例如:His ruddy countenance and stout figure made him look a genuine John Bull. 他面色红润,身材胖硕,看起来就是个典型的英国人。

英美文化小常识

英美文化小常识 01、英美姓名常识 姓名是社会成员的符号或标记。英美人的姓名是名在前,姓在后,过去人们在翻译外国人姓名时,为了迁就中国人的习惯,有时候把英美人的姓名也写成姓在前,名在后。如,Bernard Shaw,译成“肖·伯纳”实则是没有必要,现在多译成“伯纳·肖”,这就比较符合英美人的表达习惯。 02、英美礼仪 美国人请客:美国人喜欢在家里款待客人(guest)而不是在餐馆(restaurant)里。 美国人想请客吃饭,一般要事先与客人协商好,安排好时间(when)和地点(where)。 美国人在家里请客多半不拘礼节,一般采用家庭式,即一盘盘的食品一个人一个人地递过来,或者由坐在餐桌两端的主人(host)或女主人(hostess)给客人端上饭菜,全家大小和客人一起吃,一般是妻子(wife)做菜(dish),丈夫调鸡尾酒(cocktail)。如果因宗教或其他原因,有些饭菜不能吃,客人可将其留在盘子里,或事先对主人说明哪些东西不能吃。 03、英美人“手势语”种种 在人类的语言交流中,手语是必不可少的手段之一,作为“无声语言”的手语,其表意比重约为百分之21,因此,请正确运用

手语。 (1)在美国,如你站在公路边跷起大拇指,则表示要求搭车。(2)如在交谈中两手摊开,一耸肩,伴有一声“嗯呵”,则表示无可奈何的意思。 (3)中国人在对外交往中,最容易让人反感的动作之一就是说话不经意地用食指指着对方,其实,这个动作一来不雅观,二来对欧美国家的人来说相当不礼貌。原来这是一种非礼貌的责骂,数落别人的动作。 (4)用大拇指和食指围成一个圆圈,这个手势早已家喻户晓,它的意思是OK好的,而竖起食指和中指形成个“V”字形,意思则是“胜利”(victory)。 (5) 用手伸向被唤者,手心向上,握拳并伸出食指前后摇动,表示叫对方过来。 (6)把左掌心放在胸前,身体略前倾,表示真诚。 04、西方人交往“七不问” (1)年龄:西方人大都把希望自己在对方眼中显得年轻,对自己的实际年龄讳莫如深,妇女更是如此,她们过了24后就再也不会告诉他人自己的年龄了。 (2)婚姻:西方人认为婚姻纯属个人隐私,向他人询问时不礼貌的。若是向异性打听婚否,则有对方关心过甚之嫌。 (3)收入:西方人将此视为个人脸面,因此它与个人的能力和地位有关。不仅收入不宜谈论,住宅、财产、服饰等体现个人状

英语文化常识

公历一年有12个月,但不少人并不知道12 个月的英语名称的来历。公历起源于古罗马历法。罗马的英语原来只有10 个月,古罗马皇帝决定增加两个月放在年尾,后来朱里斯-凯撒大帝把这两个月移到年初,成为1月、2月,原来的1月、2月便成了3月、4月,依次类推。这就是今天世界沿用的公历。 January——1月 在罗马传说中,有一位名叫雅努斯的守护神,生有先后两副脸,一副回顾过去,一副要眺望未来。人们认为选择他的名字作为除旧迎新的第一个月月名,很有意义。英语January,便是由这位守护神的拉丁文名字January演变而来的。 February——2月 每年2 月初,罗马人民都要杀牲饮酒,欢庆菲勃卢姆节。这一天,人们常用一种牛、草制成的名叫Februa的鞭子,抽打不育的妇女,以求怀孕生子。这一天,人们还要忏悔自己过去一年的罪过,洗刷自己的灵魂,求得神明的饶恕,使自己成为一个贞洁的人。英语2月February,便是由拉丁文Februar-ius(即菲勃卢姆节)演变而来。 March-----3月 3月,原是罗马旧历法的1 月,新年的开始。凯撒大帝改革历法后,原来的1月变成3月,但罗马人仍然把3 月看做是一年的开始。另外,按照传统习惯,3月是每年出征远战的季节。为了纪念战神玛尔斯,人们便把这位战神的拉丁名字作为3月的月名。英语3月March,便是由这位战神的名字演变而来的。 April——4月 罗马的4月,正是大地回春.鲜花初绽的美好季节。英文4月April便由拉丁文April(即开花的日子)演变而来。 May——5月 罗马神话中的女神玛雅,专门司管春天和生命。为了纪念这位女神,罗马人便用她的名字——拉丁文Maius命名5月,英文5月May便由这位女神的名字演变而来。 June——6月 罗马神话中的裘诺,是众神之王,又是司管生育和保护妇女的神。古罗马对她十分崇敬,便把6月奉献给她,以她的名字——拉丁文Junius来命名6 月。英语6月June便由这位女神的名字演变而来。也有学者认为,Junius可能是个代拉丁家族中一个显赫贵族的姓氏。

小学英语课外拓展 英美文化常识

英美文化知识素养答题题库 英美文化知识素养答题题库 1 单项选择题: 美国由___________个州组成。 A. 48 B. 49 C. 50 D. 51 答案 C 2 单项选择题: 人有绰号,城市有绰号,有趣的是,有的国家也有绰号,如美国的绰号是_____,英国的绰号是_____ A Aunt Sam, Uncle John B New Continent, Great Britain C Washington, Elizabeth D Uncle Sam, John Bull 答案D 3 单项选择题: 在英美国家,人们通常将“体力劳动者”称为_____workers ,把“脑力劳动者”称为_____workers,而把“服务、维修等行业的人们”称为_____workers。 A blue, green, white B blue, white, grey. C black, blue, green D white, blue, black 答案 B 4 单项选择题: 在美国土生土长的传统节日是_____________。 A. 复活节 B. 感恩节 C. 圣诞节 D. 中秋节 答案B 5 单项选择题: 有这样一则笑话:有一次一个外宾对翻译说:“I wonder if I can go somewhere?”翻译回答道“Yes, you can go anywhere in China.”外宾不禁愕然。你知道这位翻译的问题出在哪里了吗? A 外宾的意思是他想马上离开。 B 外宾的意思是他要上厕所。 C外宾的意思是他想随便走走。 D外宾的意思是想休息一下。 答案B 6 单项选择题: 当你给一位英国朋友写信时,你若在写完信之后突然想起来还要补充点什么,此时你通常在补充的内容前加上_____这两个字母。 A P,S B OT C C, D D B,C 答案 A 7 单项选择题: 中国人喜欢说“自己动手,丰衣足食”,英美人也有类似的喜好,他们称之为______。

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