21世纪英语第二单元课文

Unit 2

Text A

He Helped the Blind

Jeanne K. Grieser

Blind and wanting to read —those were the realities of Louis Braille’s life. The desire to read easily led to the Braille system. January 4 is Braille Day. That day honors the blind. But we should also remember Louis and what he achieved by age 15.

Louis Braille was born on January 4, 1809, in France. He lived with his parents, two older sisters, and one older brother in a small, stone house in Coupvray.

Three-year-old Louis went to his father’s workshop. Louis’s father was a saddle maker w ho made items out of leather. Imitating his father, Louis tried to cut a piece of leather with a small knife. His hand slipped, and the point of the knife went into his eye. The doctors took care of him the best they could, but the injured eye got infected. Then the infection spread to his good eye. Louis became blind.

Louis went to a public school and learned by listening to the teacher. To do his homework, his sister and a friend read the assignments to him. Soon Louis was at the top of his class.

One day, the pastor of Louis’s church came to Louis’s house and told his parents of a school for the blind in Paris. Louis’s parents decided to send him to the school when he was nine years old.

Louis wanted very much to read. The school had only 14 books for blind people; the books were big and heavy. The letters were large and raised; one book took a long time to read. Louis thought there must be a better way to read.

When Louis was 12, Charles Barbier, a French Army officer, came to the school. Barbier developed an alphabet code used by army soldiers. The code was used to deliver messages to the soldiers at night. It was made up of dots and dashes. It kept the messages secret even if the enemy would see them, but the code was too complicated for the blind. Louis thought the code was slow and the dashes took up too much space. Only one or two sentences fit on a page.

Over the next three years, Louis worked to simplify the code. On a vacation at home, Louis, age 15, picked up a blunt awl. Aha! An idea came to him. He made the alphabet using only six dots. Different dots were raised for different letters. Later, he made a system for numbers and music.

Today, Braille is in nearly every language around the world. Louis Braille, at age 15, changed the lives of blind people when he created the six-dot Braille system. It is fitting that January 4, Louis’s birthday, is considered Braille Day, in honor of the blind.

Text B

Don’t Eat the Tomatoes; They’re Poisonous!

Michael Williams

The first tomatoes were found growing wild by Indians in Peru and Ecuador thousands of years ago. The Indians brought the tomato plant with them when they moved north to Central America. The Spanish soldiers, who conquered Mexico in the early 1500s, took tomato plants to Spain.

The tomato soon made its way across Europe, but the English were wary of it. They thought it was pretty to look at but believed it was not meant to be eaten. English doctors warned patients that tomatoes were poisonous and would bring death to anybody who ate one.

For hundreds of years, both the English and the Americans would decorate their homes with tomato plants, but they never dared to eat the vegetable. This myth might still prevail today had it not been for a New Jersey man named Robert Johnson.

In 1808, Johnson returned from South America with a large quantity of tomato plants. He had hoped to sell them to the American market. He gave the plants to local farmers and offered a prize for the largest tomato grown. But the tomato was still rejected in his hometown of Salem, New Jersey, and everywhere else as well. Johnson decided to take a desperate measure. He publicly announced he would stand on the steps of the local courthouse and eat a basket of tomatoes in public.

The tow nsfolk were shocked. Johnson’s doctor warned he would foam at the mouth, then fall down and die in a few minutes.

Finally, the important day arrived. Two thousand people surrounded the courthouse to watch a man kill himself (or so they thought). The crowd fell into a dead silence as Johnson, dressed in a bright suit, walked up the steps of the courthouse. When the clock struck noon, he picked up a tomato and held it up. He then talked to the crowd.

“Friends, I will now eat my first tomato.”

When he took his first bite, a woman in the crowd shrieked and fainted. After finishing the tomato, Johnson picked up another and started eating it. Another woman in the crowd fainted.

Soon the basket was empty. The crowd exploded in applause. Robert Johnson became a hero. In less than five years, the tomato became a major crop in America.

Today, over 50,000,000 bushels of tomatoes are produced each year. Over 40,000,000 cases of tomato juice are consumed as well as millions of bottles of catsup. The tomato might never have become a part of the American diet had it not been for Robert Johnson’s desperate measure.

Text C

Ups and Downs

Jeanne K. Grieser

You fly a thousand miles to visit Grandma; you fly to see the ocean（海洋）. Can you imagine （想象）how long a trip like that would take if airplanes weren’t around? On the highway, a person can drive about 65 miles in an hour; but an airplane can fly up to 500 miles an hour! That’s quite a difference! August 19 has been set aside to observe（庆祝）aviation（航空）. Let’s find out why.

On April 16, 1867, Wilbur Wright was born in Indiana. Four years later on August 19, 1871, Wilbur’s brother Orville was born in Ohio. Wil bur and Orville were close to each other. In fact, their voices even sounded alike!

Wilbur and Orville didn’t have any special training in science or engineering, but they enjoyed taking mechanical（机械的）things apart to see how they worked. They studied birds and insects（昆虫）in flight. From their observations（观察）of how birds fly, they built a huge kite （风筝）and began to test its flight. After the successful test, Wilbur and Orville built a larger, man carrying glider（滑翔机）. They wanted to experiment in private so they took their glider to an

isolated beach（海滩）near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Since they were far from home, they set up a tent to live in.

Wilbur and Orville made yearly trips to Kitty Hawk to test their gliders. In 1902, they had made more than 700 successful glider flights. Now they needed to find an engine that would be light and powerful enough to get a plane off the ground.

Since the automobile manufacturers（汽车制造商）wouldn’t build the engine, the brothers talked to Charles Taylor. Together they designed and built a 12 to 16 horsepower engine and propeller（螺旋桨）. In one year, the project was finished.

On December 17, 1903, the Wright brothers powered flight was a success at Kitty Hawk. Orville was the pilot, and he stayed in the air for 12 seconds. The first flying machine was called “The Wright Flyer.” The wings looked like a box kite. The pilot had to lie face down over the wing in a type of cradle（摇篮）. He moved his body from side to side to change the plane’s direction.

The brothers took turns and made three more flights that day. Then a gust of wind blew the flying machine over and completely destroyed it. Wilbur and Orville returned home and built another glider that was stronger and had a more powerful motor. On September 20, 1904, Wilbur flew the Flyer II in the first circular flight over a pasture（牧场）in Ohio. The flight lasted 1 minute and 36 seconds.

Since that time, airplanes have become larger, faster, and safer. Now over 800 million people travel by airplane each year. To recognize（表彰）the Wright brothers contribution（贡献）to aviation, National Aviation Day is observed on August 19. After reading this article, do you know why this date was chosen?

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初一英语第二单元月考模拟试卷（一） 一、单项选择 ’s 8:00 . now. It’s time for ______________. A. class B. lunch Ｃ. home D. supper are all girls except ____________. A I and you B you and I C me and you D you and me homework is ___________ different and we have ___________. A much; much too B too much; too much C too; too much D too; much too Zoo __________ from 8 . to 5 . every day. A close B is closed Ｃis open D open 5.“Please __________ your English book to school tomorrow.” the teacher said to her s tudents. A take B bring C carry D give likes Chinese. He often _________ it with his classmates. A speaks B says C talks D tells want to know __________ about him. A a lot of B lots of C a lot D many __________ like fish, but he ________ milk. A don’t; like B doesn’t; likes C don’t ; dislikes D doesn’t; like and Sandy, are __________ reading English books-Yes, _________ are. A they; you B you; we C we; we D you; they you know the answer __________ No. 2 -No, I don’t. B ut I think Daniel ___________. A at; do B to; is C to; does D at; doesn’t goes _________ every day. A dance B to dancing C to dancing lessons D dancing lesson are some ___________ in today’s newspaper. A news B information C reasons D pictures ’s eleven in the evening. She wants ___________ A to go sleep B to go sleeping C to go to sleep D to go to sleeping 14.–How do you like Simon - ___________________________. A He lives in Beijing B I like him very much C He is polite D He lilkes playing computer games 二、语法专项练习 1.– Is it yours, Lily – No,________ is white. Who is at the door - _________ must be Jim. pair of glasses is quite cool. Can I try ________ on. and Mary are twins, and ___________ dresses are pink. I like collecting stamps very much. - ________, too. 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 you want to study English well,you need to do more ___________ (exercise)every day. don't want to see the film because I have seen it ___________ (two)

英语第二单元课文翻译

爱是一门艺术吗？ 艾里奇·弗罗姆爱是不是一门艺术？如果是，就需要知识和努力。或者，爱是否是一种令人愉悦的情感? 那么一个人能否经历全看他的造化，只有幸运儿才能坠入爱河。如今大多数的人都相信运气，这本小书却是以爱是一门艺术为前提的。 并不是说人们认为爱无关紧要。人们对于爱总是如饥似渴，看浩如烟海的爱情悲喜剧，听数百首拙劣的爱情歌曲。但很少有人认为关于爱还有需要学习的地方。 对爱的这种独特想法是基于几个错误观念，人们如果接受其中之一或者几个观念便会持有这种观点。多数人认为所谓爱就是“被人爱”，而不是“爱别人”或爱一个人的能力。所以，他们认为问题就在于如何被爱，如何变得可爱。他们通过几种途径来达到这一目的。其中尤为男士所喜用的是成为成功人士，在自己的社会地位许可的范围内获得最大程度的权利和财产。其二，尤为女士所喜用的是尽力塑造体形，注重衣着，从而使自己更加富于魅力。另外一些方式，则为男女所共同采用，如使自己举止得体，谈吐幽默，以及乐于助人、谦虚、内敛等，以便使自己更加具有吸引力。很多让自己变得可爱的方式和使自己事业有成的途径相同，如“赢得朋友，影响其他人”等。事实上，我们所处的文化中，大部分人认为要使自己变得可爱，必须既受大众欢迎，又要兼具性的魅力。 导致“爱不需要学习”这种看法的第二个错误观念是：人们想当然地认为爱的问题在于“对象”，而不在于“能力”。他们认为去爱是件很简单的事，而找到自己要爱的对象或者说爱自己的对象却很困难。造成这种态度的几个原因植根于现代社会的发展。其中一个原因是：在二十世纪，对“爱的对象”的选择出现巨大变化。在维多利亚时代，同许多传统文化一样，一般说来，爱情并非那种最终导致婚姻的自然产生的个人情感体验。恰恰相反，婚姻是按传统习俗约定好的，或为父母之命，或为媒妁之言，也可能无需这些媒介；婚姻是按社会习俗的考虑决定的，婚姻既成，爱情便自然应该随之培育了。在过去的几十年的西方世界，浪漫爱情几乎成了永恒不变的主题。在美国，虽然对社会传统的考虑并未完全消除，很大程度上人们却在寻找“浪漫爱情”，那是一种个人的爱情体验，其最终会导致婚姻。这种自由恋爱的新概念一定大大增加了“对象”相对于“功能”的重要性。 同此因素密切相关的是当代文化的另一重要特征。我们整个文化都是以购买的欲望和互惠交换的理念为基础的。现代人的幸福在于看着商店橱窗时的兴奋，在于购买买得起的商品，或者用现金或分期付款。于是，他（或者她）也以同样的方式去看别人。对一个男人来说，有魅力的女孩子是他们要追求的对象，而魅力男性之于女人亦如此。“有魅力”通常之意为觅偶市场上那些受到人们欢迎并努力求取的性格特质。什么样的人有魅力，无论外表还是思想均由时代潮流决定。二十年代，强壮又性感，喝酒抽烟的女孩子被认为具有魅力；如今，家庭型的羞涩的姑娘更合时代潮流。十九世纪末本世纪初，雄心勃勃，敢作敢为的男人才能称得上有诱惑性的“包装”，而如今男人则必须宽容，善于交际。无论怎样，只有当对方的这些商品化的特征与自身所具备特征对称的情况下，人才会培养起爱的感觉。我一心要找一件划算的货物，其不但要有可观的社会价值，同时考虑到我本人的资质与能力，也就是说对方也会需要我。这样当两个人考虑到自身交换价值的局限之后，认为自己在这一市场找到了力所能及的最好商品的时候，就开始恋爱了。通常，和购买房地产一样，将会发展起来的潜能在这种讨价还价中起着显著的作用。在一个以市场为导向，财富为重要价值的文化中，人类的爱情关系也遵从与商品与劳动力市场中的同样交换模式也就不足为奇了。 第三个造成爱无需学习的错误想法是错误地将“一见钟情”这种初始体验与永久性的热恋（或者可以说“在恋爱中”）混为一谈。生活中的我们，两人萍水相逢，突然彼此之间心灵的围墙坍塌，渐感亲爱，融为一体。这个融和的瞬间是一生中最让人激动幸福的时刻。对于那