2012年职称英语真题卫生类C(含答案解析)
第1 部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. We had trouble finding a pure water supply.
A typical
B complete
C clear
D clean
2. Keep your passport in a secure place.
A safe
B special
C good
D different
3. Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early.
A selected
B operatad
C discovered
D developed
4. On the table was a vase filled with artificial flowers.
A wild
B false
C fresh
D lovely
5. The story was published with the sole purpose of selling newspapers.
A only
B real
C main
D practical
6. I'd like to withdraw ￡ 500 from my current account.
A leave
B pay
C put
D draw
7. He kept in constant contact with his family while he was In Australia.
A gradual
B direct
C regular
D occasional
8. She only needs a minute amount of money.
A small
B certain
C fair
D full
9."What do you mean by that?" Paul asked sharply.
A helplessly
B politely
C quickly
D critically
10. Did she accept his research proposal?
A invitation
B plan
C offer
D view
11. The city centre was wiped out by the bomb.
A covered
B reducad
C destroyed
D moved
12. The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious.
A need
B love
C hate
D pity
13. A large crowd assembled outside the American embassy.
A watched
B shouted
C walked
D gathered
14. He inspired many young people to take up the sport.
A allowed
B encouraged
C called
D advised
l5. The storm caused severe damage.
A serious
B physical
C accidental
D environmental
第2 部分：阅读判断(第16-22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Tiny Invaders
The human body is truly amazing. It allows us to sense the world around us, to do work and have fun, and to move from place to place. In fact, the human body does its work so well that most people don't think about it very much —until they get sick.
The germs (致病菌) that make people sick are eyerywhere. You can’t see them ，but they're there. They're sitting on your desk. They're hiding on your computers keyboard. They're even in the air that you are breathing. There are two types of germs: viruses and bacteria ( 细菌). Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants. Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles ( 麻疹) . Bacteria are tiny creatures. Some bacteria are good. They can help your stomach break down food. Other bacteria aren't so good. They can make you sick.Bacteria can cause sore throats ( 喉痛) and ear infections.
How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick? Your skin is the first defense against germs. You can prevent some illnesses simply by washing with soap and water. But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth, eyes, and nose.
Once germs are inside your body, your immune ( 免疫的) system tries to protect you. It looks for and destroys germs. How does it do that? Special cells patrol your body. Some of these cells actually eat germs! Other cells make antibodies. An antibody sticks to a germ. There is a different antibody for each kind of germ. Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick. Others help your body find and kill germs. After a germ is destroyed, the antibodies stay in your body. They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back. That way you will not get the same illness twice.
You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious ( 有营养的) diet to make your
immune system strong. You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated (接种) Vaccines are medicines. They contain germs that have been killed or weakened. The dead germs can't make you sick. Instead, they cause your body to make antibodies. If the same germ ever shows up again, then your antibodies attack it.
16. Viruses can only live inside people or animals.
A Right
B Wrong
C Notmentioned
17. All bacteria cause illnesses.
A Right
B Wrong
C Notmentioned
18. Washing your skin can prevent some illnesses.
A Right
B Wrong
C Notmentioned
19. Germs can enter the body through the eyes.
A Right
B Wrong
C Notmentioned
20. The heart contains the body's strongest muscle.
A Right
B Wrong
C Notmentioned
21. After they kill germs, antibodies stay in the body.
A Right
B Wrong
C Notmentioned
22 Vaccines can make you sick.
A Right
B Wrong
C Notmentioned
第3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(第28-30题，每题1 分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2 项测试任务：(1) 第23-26 题要求从所给的6 个选项中为第1-4 段
每段选择1个最佳标题；(2) 第27 -30 题要求从所给的6 个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Alcoholism ( 酗酒)
1 Yes, alcoholism can be treated. Alcoholism treatment programs use both counseling
and medication ( 药物治疗) to help a person stop drinking. Most alcoholics need help to recover from their disease. With support and treatinent, many people are able to stop
drinking and rebuild their lives.
2 A range of medication is used to treat alcohoism. Benzodiazepines ( 苯二氮平类药物)
are sometimes used during the first days after a person stops drinking to help him or her
safely withdraw from alcohol. However, these medications are not used beyond the first
few days because they may be highly addictive. Other medications help people remain
sober ( 清醒) . One medication used for this purpoce is naltrexone ( 环丙甲羟二羟吗啡酮) ，When combined with counseling, naltrexone can reduce the strong desire for alcohol and
help prevent a person from returning to heavy drinking. Another medication, disulfiram (
戒酒硫) , discourages drinking by making the person feel sick if he or she drinks alcohol. Though several medications help treat alcoholism, there is no "magic bullet. " Developing
new and more effective medications to treat alcoholism remains a high priority for researchers.
3 Alcoholism treatment works for many people. But just like any chronic disease, there
are different levels of success in treatment. Some people stop drinking and remain sober. Others cannot stop drinking for any length of time. With treatment, one thing is clear, however, the longer a person stops drinking alcohol, the more likely he or she will be able
to stay sober.
4 No, alcoholism cannot be cured at this time. Even if an alcoholic hasn't been drinking
for a long time, he or she can still return to the drinking habit. To guard against it, an
alcoholic must continue to avoid all alcoholic drinks.
23 Paragraph 1
24 Paragraph 2
25 Paragraph 3
26 Paragraph 4
A Does alcoholism treatment woric?
B What is alcoholism?
C Can alcoholism be cured?
D Can alcoholism be treated?
E What are drinking problems?
F What medications treat alcoholism?
27 Medication can help some people
28 Disulfiram can prevent drinking by making the alcoholic
29 For alcoholism treatment, there is no single medication that works
30 The key to cure alcoholism is to avoid all
A feel sick
B in every person
C medical treatment
D stop drinking
E alcoholic drinks
F stay confused
第4部分：阅读理解（第31-45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3 篇短文，每篇短文后有5 道题。请根据短文内容. 为每题确定1 个最佳选项。Eat Healthy （健康饮食）
"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate -club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often，it's accompanied by an appeal:" Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.
According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies（肚子）. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.
Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently，some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.
It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that，after long hours at low-paying jobs，getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck ，happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.
练习：
1. Parents in the United States tend to ask their children
A to save food for tomorrow.
B to wash the dishes clean
C not to waste food at meals
D not to eat too much at meals
32. American restaurants serve large portions because Americans
A value quantity.
B have big bellies.
C want enough nutrition.
D are mostly rich.
33 What happened in America In the 1970s?
A The restaurants began to serve smaller portions.
B Health experts advised people to eat less.
C Many Americans tried to get slim.
D The American waistline started to expand.
34 What does the survey indicate?
A Low-income Americans prefer large portions.
B 20 percent Americans want smaller portions.
C 57 percent Americans earn $150, 000 per year.
D 23 percent Americans earn less than $25, 000 per year.
35 Which of the following is NOT true of working class American?
A They don't have the habit of saving money.
B They live from paycheck to paycheck.
C They work long hours.
D They want to be healthy eaters.
第二篇：Puerto Rican Cuisine(菜肴)
Puerto Rico, a Caribbean (加勒比海区) island rich in history and remarkable natural beauty, has a cuisine all its own. Immigration(移民) to the island has helped to shape its cuisine, with people from all over the world making various contributions to it. However, before the arrival of these immigrants, the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto Rico. Taino cuisine included such foods as rodents (啮齿动物), fresh shellfish and fish fried in corn oil.
Many aspects of Taino cuisine continue today in Puerto Rican cooking, but it has been heavily influenced by the Spanish, who invaded Puerto Rico in 1508, and Africans, who were initially brought to Puerto Rico to work as slaves. Taino cooking styles were mixed with ideas brought by the Spanish and Africans to create new dishes. The Spanish extended food choices by bringing cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep to the island. Africans also added to the island's food culture by introducing powerful, contrasting tastes in dishes. In fact, much of the food Puerto Rico is now famous for - coffee, coconuts, and oranges - was actually imported by foreigners to the island.
A common assumption many people make about Puerto Rican food is that it is very spicy(辛辣的). lt's true that chili peppers are popular; aij caballero in particular is a very hot chili pepper that Puerto Ricans enjoy. However, milder(微辣的) tastes are popular too, such as sofrito. As the
base of many Puerto Rican dishes, sofrito is a sauce made from chopped onions, green bell peppers, sweet chili peppers, and a handful of other spices. It is fried in oil and then added to other dishes.
36 Who lived in Puerto Rico first
A.the Taino people
B.the Africans
C.the Spanish
D.the Americans
37 In the first paragraph the word “it”refers to
A.immigration
B Puerto Rican cuisine
C.Caribbean history
D.the island’s natural beauty
38 What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
A.Taino dishes are important in Puerto Rican cooking
B.Puerto Rican cooking has many outside influences
C.Food imported by foreigners isn’t really Puerto Rican
D.African foods have probably had the most influence
39How is sofrito used?
A.It is eaten before meals
B.It is added to other dishes
C.It is used when foods are too spicy
D.It is eaten as a main dish
40 Which of the following is NOT true?
A.Many people think Puerto Rican food is spicy
B.Puerto Rican cuisine uses a lot of chili peppers
C.Softito is a type of extremely spicy food
D.Aij caballero is a type of chile pepper
第三篇Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering began when the DNA molecule(分子), the most basic unit of life, was first described in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick. An understanding of DNA led to the altering of normal cell reproduction. Experiments with altering human cells began in 1970. In one of the first experiments, patients were injected with a virus that would produce a life-saving enzyme, but their bodies would not accept it. In 1980 patients with a rare but fatal blood disease were injected with a purified gene that was cloned through DNA technology. Another failure.
Genetic engineering got a legal boost(激励) in 1980. The U.S. Supreme Court said that a patent could be granted on a genetically engineered "oil-eating" bacterium(细菌). This bacterium would help clean up oil spills. The ruling encouraged companies to invent new life forms, and three important medical products were quickly developed.
? Human interferon(干扰素)-- a possible solution to some cancers and viral disease. A newly engineered bacterium produced human interferon as a by-product. This new product reduced the cost of interferon.
?Human growth hormone-- for children whose bodies do not grow to normal height. An expensive growth hormone(荷尔蒙) was previously produced from human cadavers, but by changing the genetic make-up of the single-cell bacterium E. coli, and affordable growth hormone could be produced.
? Human insulin(胰岛素)-- for the treatment of diabetes. People with diabetes used to rely on a beef- or pork-based product until 1982. Now insulin can be manufactured by genetically altered bacteria.
Advances in genetic engineering have continued, though they constantly must be weighted against the safety of procedures. There is clearly much more to discover.
41. This passage is mainly about
A. the human growth hormone.
B the effects of altering cells.
C. insulin resistance.
D. U.S. Supreme Court rulings.
42. Genetic enginerring may be defined as
A. the altering of normal cell reproduction
B. a branch of applied chemistry.
C. a procedure that holds little promise.
D. a study on life-saving enzymes.
43. According to the passage, human interferon
A. is a hormone that causes disease.
B. could be used to treat cancer.
C. is a viral disease
D. has been cured
44. In this passage, the three genetically engineered medical products are presented
A. as a process.
B. from earliest to latest.
C. in a simple list.
D.as a story.
45. In the last paragraph, the word "weighed" has the cloest meaning with
A. had great influence
B. became a burden.
C. measured accurately.
D. considered carefully.
第5部分：补全短文(第46~50题，每题2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。
Forests for Cities
You are standing in a beautiful forest in Japan. The air is clean and smells like plants and flowers. There are 175 different kinds of trees, and 60 kinds of birds live here. _______ (46) You are downtown in the city of Nara, Japan, in Kasugayama Forest, the oldest urban forest in the world. It was started more than a thousand years ago, and today it's very popular with tourists and artists.
Cities around the world are working to protect their urban forests. Some urban forests are parks, and some are just streets with a lot of trees. But all urban forests have many good effects on the environment. _______ (47) They also stop the noise from heavy traffic. They even make the weather better because they make the air 3-5 degrees cooler, and they stop strong winds.
Urban forests also have many good effects on people. They make the city more beautiful. In a crowded area, they give people a place to relax and spend time in nature. _____(48)
In some countries, people are starting new urban forests. In England, there are now 1.3 million trees in an urban forest called Thames Chase, east of London. It was started in 1990, and it has grown very fast. Walking and bicycle clubs use the forest, and there are programs for children and artists.____ (49)
Some older cities don't have space for a big urban forest, but planting trees on the streets makes the city better. Scientists found that commuters (通勤人员) feel more relaxed when they can see trees. Trees are even good for business. _______ (50) In the future, urban forests will
become even more important as our cities grow bigger. In the megacities(超大城市) of tomorrow, people will need more green space to live a comfortable life. Planting trees today will make our lives better in the future.
A.Trees take pollution out of the air
B.In 2033，it will have 5 million trees
C.But you are not in rural area
D.It has many kinds of birds in the country
E.In hot countries，urban forests are cool places for walking and other healthy exercises
F.People spend more time at shopping centers that have trees
第6部分：完形填空(第52~65题，每题1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Going on a diet
A typical person needs about 1,800 calories per day to stay alive. These calories keep your heart 51_______and your lungs breathing. They keep your organs operating 52_______and, your brain running. They also keep your body warm. A person 53______weight because he or she consumes more calories per day than needed. The only way to lose fat is to 54______the number of calories that you consume per day. This is the basic 55______behind going on a diet.
Unfortunately，diets don't 56______for most people. They do lose weight but then go 57______ the diet and put it back. Building a sensible diet and exercise plan is the key to 58______ a consistent weight. You need to figure out how many calories you need in a day and how many you 59______ take in. The next step is to add ，exercise so that you can60______the number of calories you can consume per day.
Exercise charts can show you how many calories different 61______of exercise can burn. Burning 250 or 500 calories per day can 62______a big difference. You can ride an exercise bike while you are watching TV or you can 63______ the stairs instead of the elevator. Find an exercise 64______. Exercise can be a lot easier if there is someone to talk to. It's a good idea to wear firm-fitting clothes if you are on a diet. 65______clothing acts as a reminder of what you are trying to accomplish.
51.A.jumping B.beating C.turning D.kicking
52. A.quickly B.easily C.properly D.warmly
53. A.brings B.takes C.gains D.carries
54. A.double B.fix C.remove D.reduce
55. A.pinciple B.form C.method D.kind
56.A.start B.change C.balance D.work
57. A.off B.on C.after D.for
58. A.getting B.maintaining C.meeting D.supporting
59. A.partly B.actually C.hopefully D.wisely
60. A.raise B.contain C.cut D.grow
61. A.ways B.factors C.functions D.forms
62. A.have B.do C.make D.give
63. A.set B.climb C.run D.repair
64. A.partner B.colleague C.associate D.book
65. A. for B. with C. to D. as
答案：1-5 DACBA
6-10 DCADB
11-15 CCDBA
16-20 BBAAC
21-25 ABDFA
26-30 CDABE
31-35 CADAA
36-40 ABBBC
41-45 BABCD
46-50 CAEBF
51-55 BCCDA
56-60 DABBA
61-65 DCBAD
2012年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类( C 级) 试题题解
第1 部分：词汇选项
1. D pure 意为“纯净的”如：pure gold 纯金，pur wool 纯羊毛。pure water 即纯净水，故可用clean 来替代。clear 是“清楚、清澈”的意思，并非是“清洁的”。
2. A 四个选项这里都可以放到place前面，句子都是通顺的，但语义各不相同，和secure ( 安全的) 同义的只有safe 一词。
3. C detect 这个词的意思是“发现”如：They detected rich oil deposit in that area。(他们
在那个地区发现了丰富的石油。) 四个选项中只有discover 具有同样的词义。
4. B artificial人造的，即不是真的. 如：arti ficial leather 人造革，artificial rainfall 人造雨。false的意思是“虚假的、不是真的”故在这里可以替代artificial。
5. A sole 唯一的，sole purpose 唯一的目的，和做形容词用的only 同义。
6. D 从银行取款可以用withdraw 或draw ，这两个词在这个情景下是通用的。
7. C constant 的意思是“经常的,不间断的”原句的意思是：他在澳大利亚时和家人一
直都保持联系。regular 的原意是“有规律的、有规则的”keep in regular contact 就是隔
段时间就联系一次这种有规律的方式，也就是没有中断联系。occasional是间或、偶尔的
意思，如果说keep in occasional contact 那和原句的意思就有出入了。
8. A 这里的minute 是个形容词，意思是“细微的、很小的”和表示“分钟”的名词minute 是同形异音词，即拼法相同，但发音不同。
9. D sharp这个词用于不同的语境中有不同的意义，如：sharp knife 锋利的刀、sharp angle 锐角、sharp criticism 尖锐的批评、sharp eye 敏锐的眼光、be sharp at figures 善于计算、
be sharp with sb. 对某人严厉等等。在这句句子里，由sharp衍生的副词sharply 用于修饰
动词asked，问题本身What do mean by that? 的语气咄咄逼人，所以应用criticalty 来替代。critically 在这里同样具有“严厉地、尖锐地”的意思。
10. B proposal常见的意义是“建议”，和suggestion 是同义词。但用在和科研相关的情景
中它就具有“计划”的意思。research proposal就等同于research plan。
11. C wipe out是个短语，意思是‘消灭、摧毁’和动词destroy 同义。又如：The whole town was wiped out by the landslide。
12. C 在四个选项中和contempt (蔑枧) 意义最接近的是hate，pity 的意思是“怜悯”。
13. D assemble 是“集结”的意思，gather是具有这一词义的最普通的一个词。
14. B inspire sb. to do sth.是“鼓励、激励某人做某事”的意思，这里inspire和encourage 的词义和用法一样，故可以用encourage 来代替。
15. A severe 有“严厉的、严重的”多种意义。severe damage是严重破坏，故可用serious 代替。又如：severe criticism严厉批评、severe situation严峻的形势、severe winter严冬、severe loss严重损失、severe teacher严厉的老师。
第2部分：阅读判断
16. B 短文第二段中间说“病毒是只能生活在动物或植物内的致病菌”本题没有提到植物，故是错的。
17. B 第二段后半部说到，细菌有好有坏，不是全都会引起疾病。
18. A 第三段第二、三句就说到，用肥皂洗皮肤可以防止某些致病菌。
19. A 第三段最后一句说到，“致病菌可以通过皮肤破口、口腔、眼睛和鼻子进人人体”。
20. C 整篇文章都没有提到心脏。
21. A 倒数第二段倒数第三句就说到“致病菌被消灭以后，抗体仍存在体内”。
22. B 最后一段的后半部说的是“疫苗是药物，其所含的死菌只能帮助产生抗体，而不会致病”。
第3 部分：概括大意与完成句子
23. D 短文第一句就已经点明了本段的主题“酗酒是可以治疗的”。
24. F 本段具体列举了几种用来治疗酗酒的药物。
25. A 本段谈到治疗酗酒的成效是因人而异的。
26. C 本段第一句就说到，“酗酒目前是无法治愈的”要注意，care 是“治愈”的意思，而前面的treatment 则只是“治疗”，两者的词义不同（此处词性也不同) 。
27. D 第三段中就说到，“酗酒治疗对很多人有效，有人就不再喝酒，头脑仍清醒”。
28. A 第二段倒数第三句说到，“戒酒硫可以使喝酒的人在喝酒时感到恶心而不再喝酒”。
29. B 第二段倒数第二句说到，“治疗酗酒还没有‘万灵药物’”第三段又说到“酗酒治疗的效果因人而异”可见本题的答案应该是B。
30. E 文章最后一句说，“为了防止酒瘾复发，酗酒者就应该坚持不喝任何含酒精的饮料”。
第4 部分：阅读理解
31. C 文章开头说“把盘里的东西吃干净”这里的clean 并不是wash 的意思，而是指“不要浪费食品”的意思，从后面接着所说的“你要想想非洲那些饿着肚子的孤儿吧！”就
可以佐证。
32. A 本题的答案来自于第三段第三句，该句说“美国人习惯于把食物的量与食物的价值
联系在一起”所以就很重视食物的量。
33. D 第三段说，美国的一位营养学教授说，“20 世纪70 年代美国饭馆的份饭的量开始变大，而同时美国人的腰围也开始变粗”。
34. A 倒数第二段最后一句说“年收入低于25000美元的美国人中只有45%的人愿意份饭的量小一点”可见大部分人还是愿意分量大一些。其他三个选项都与文意所说内容不符。
35. A 最后一段中，选项B、C、D 都分别提到，而A 项所说的与文章内容不符，故是错的。文章最后一句说的是，“他们想省点钱好为来年圣诞节买礼物”，而不是“没有存钱的习
惯”。
36. A 第一段第四行开始的句子提供了明确的答案：However，before the arrival of these immigrants ，the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto Rico. 在移民来到之前，Taino 人就在岛上居住了。
37. B Immigration to the island has helped to shape its cuisine, with people from all over the world making various contributions to ir. 到岛上的移民造就了它的烹饪，世界各地的人们
都对它的烹饪做出了贡献。it前面有三个单数名词有可能成为它的所指：immigration，island、和cuisine，但是从整句的意义上看，it 的所指是cuisine。
38. B 第二段的中心思想是波多黎各烹饪包含多种元素，本土的Taino元素虽说还继续存在，但在很大程度上受到西班牙和非洲元素的影响，除此之外，如今波多黎各出名的咖啡、椰子和柑橘等也都是来到岛上的外国人带来的。可见本段的主旨不是比较出哪一种
元素最重要，而是要说明波多黎各烹饪是多种元素的融合。
39. B 文章的最后两句话解释了soffrito 是怎么制作的，以及它的用途是什么。很清楚，它是加到其他菜肴上的一种调料。
40. C 在最后一段里可以找到答案. 如上题所述，soffrito本身并不是一种很辣的食物，它只是一种调料。
41 B 从第一段尤其是前三句中我们可以了解到，遗传工程就是对细胞进行改造，而后面列举的三种重要的医疗产品正是细胞改造的成果，因此B 项可以概括短文的内容，其他三个选项均不恰当。
42 A 本文介绍的是遗传工程，第一段后半部说到，对DNA 的了解导致了对正常细胞繁殖的改造，并由此进行了一些实验，可见遗传工程就是“对正常的细胞繁殖进行改造”。
43 B 第三段第一句明确说到，“人体干扰素可能解决某些癌症和病毒性疾病的问题”。
44 C 从文章的表达方式来看，可以很明显看到，这三种通过遗传工程产生的医疗产品是以罗列的方式来介绍的，其他三个选项均不符合文章的实际内容。
45 D 在本句中，作者说“遗传工程还在继续获得进展，不过还需认真考虑它的安全性”。在这里weigh实际就是“衡量、考虑”的意思，其他三个选项均不恰当。
第5 部分：补全短文
46 C 空格前面的三句话给人以置身于树林的感觉，但空格后面的一句话却说你身处日本的一个城市中的城中树林，所以空格里可能填入的是一句表示这一转折的句子。But 明
确表示了这一转折。
47 A 空格的前面一句说的是城中林对环境有诸多良好效果，空格的后面一句说的正是城
中林对降低嗓音的作用，所以可以想见空格中应该填入的一句话也是和城中林对环境的
正面作用有关的，即Trees take po1lution out of the air。
48 E 这段不长，但它的第一句话就把它的中心讲得很清楚：Urban forests also have many good effects on people. 所以这段的其他句子都应该讲城中林对居民产生的正面影响，即
In hot countries, urbatn forests are cool places for walking and other healthy exercises。
49 B 这一段讲的是伦敦建造城中林的计划和努力，所以很自然最后一句会讲到二十年后
会达到什么样的水平。
50 F 空格的前面一句话说的是Trees are even good for business，接下来就更具体地说People spend more time at shopping centers that have trees，在有树的购物中心人们都愿意
多待一会，可见树木对做生意都有好处。
第6 部分：完形填空
51 B 维持心脏跳动，动词应该使用beat。虽然jump 汉译中也有“跳动”的意思、但英语的释义却是“利用腿部肌肉突然向前蹦”。
52 C 四个选项中只有properly恰当。该词的意思是“正确地、适当地”，这里的“operating properly”意思就是“各司其职、正常发挥作用”。
53 C 回答本题时，首先要正确理解consume 这个词的意思。在本句中它是“eat or drink”(吃、喝) 的意思，所以答案应该是“gains”。当然，consume还有“use up”(耗尽)或“waste”（消耗）的意思，但上下文连起来就不通了。
54 D 凭常识判断也能猜出“减肥的唯一方法就是减少卡路里的摄入量”其他选项均不恰当。
55 A 此处答案应该是principale恰当，因为它的意思是“general law of caues and effect”(一般的因果规律)；而method 则是“way of doing sth. ”(方法) ，太过于具体，所以不
合适。
56 D work 有“be successful”(有效) 的意思，其他选项均不恰当。
57 A 本空白处前面有动词go，与四个选项搭配以后，它们的意思分别是：go off，对……失去兴趣，不再喜欢；go on，继续；go after，设法获得；go for，可以应用于……可见只有选项A 符合上下文意思。
58 B 本句想说的是“制定合理的饮食和锻炼计划是维持(保持) 体重恒定的关键”。这里的“维持、保持”必须选择maintain。support汉译也有“维持”的意思，但那实际是“支撑、支持”而不是“保持”的意思，在这里不合适。
59 B figure out 是“算出”的意思，从上下文可以明显看到只能选择actually( 实际上) ，即表达“需要多少，实际上又摄入了多少”的意思，
60 A 应该注意的是，本句中的consume则是上面提到的另一个意思即“消耗”。“增加运动量”当然就会“消耗更多的热量”因此必须选择raise。虽然grow 在汉译中也有“增长”的意思，但它是在作不及物动词使用时才有这个意思，在这里不合适。
61 D 本句的意思应该是“运动图表可以给你展示不同种类的运动会消耗多少热量”，form 的意思正是“形式、类型”的意思，而ways 则是具体的“方法、方式”用在本句中不合适。
62 C make a big difference 是一个固定词组，意思是“有很大关系、差别很大”在这里正符合上下文意思。
63 B stairs是指“楼梯、阶梯”显然本句想说的就是“爬楼梯”因此只能选climb。
64 A 回答此题时，下一句起着很重要的提示作用：“如果有人跟你交谈，锻炼起来就会轻松得多”显然此处空白就应该是“partner”
65 D act as 是一个固定词组，意思是“充当……、起……作用，在这里正符合上下文意思，其他三个选项都不合适。
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第八篇 Eat Healthy 1. Parents in the United States tend to ask their children C. not to waste food. 2. Why do American restaurants serve large portions? A. Because Americans associate quantity with value. 3. What happened in the 1970s? D. The American waistline started to expand. 4. What does the survey indicate? A. Many poor Americans want large portions. 5. Which of the following is Not true of working class Americans? C. They don't want to be healthy eaters. 第十九篇 Prolonging Human Life 1.The writer believes that the population explosion results from C a decrease in death rates. 2. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures B infants could be left dead in times of starvation. 3. According to the passage, which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is true? A Many of them have a very hard life. 4. In Paragraph 3, the phrase “ this need” refers to D the need to take care of a sick and weak people. 5. Which of the following best describes the writer’s attitude toward most of the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals? D Critical. 第二十四篇 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories 1. Which of the following statements is nearest in meaning to the sentence “To sleep. Perchance t o file?”? A. Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep? 2. What is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University? C. Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together tin memory consolidation. 3. What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance, as is indicated by a research mentioned in paragraph 4? D. The poorer the memory, the poorer glucose tolerance. 4. In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage? B. The more hip pocampus shrinks, the poorer one’s memory. 5. According to the last paragraph, what is the ultimate reason for going to the gym? D. To control glucose levels. +第三十四篇Who Want to Live Forever?
2012年职称英语综合A考题答案解析
2012年职称英语综合A考题答案解析(试卷代码13) 第一部分词汇选项： 1. weary – tired 2. induce – attract 3. crisp – fresh 4. exotic – unusual 5. alleviate – ease 6. update – modernize 7. utterly – completely 8. profile – description 9. discriminate – distinguish 10. asylum– protection 11. layout– arrangement 12. peep– look 13. raninto – hit 14. hollow – empty 15.evoked – refreshed 第二部分阅读判断In sports, Red is the winning color 16. BothHill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcomes of sportsmatches. 答案为A(right). 相关句：They (Hill and Barton) …reachedthe conclusion by studying the outcomesof boxing… The outcomes 回应上文中提到的“theteam dressed in red is more likely to win” 17. Hilland Barton are both interested in primates(灵长目). 答案为A(right). 相关句：Hill and Barton got the ideafor the study from a mutual in`terest in primates. 18. Malemandrills use yellow coloration toattract a mate. 答案为B(wrong). 相关句：Redcoloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating. 19. Redis not an advantage for Zebra finches(斑胸草雀). 答案为B(wrong). 相关句：Scientists put red plasticrings on the legs of male Zebra females, whichincreased the bird’s success in finding a mate. 20. Thered plastic rings were left on the finches permanently. 答案为C（notmentioned）. 21. Hilland Barton believe athletes in red are more likelyto win. 答案为A(right). 相关句：Across a range of sports, wefind that wearing red is consistently associated with a higher probability of winning. 22. Many athletes oppose the new regulations on sportuniforms. 答案为C(not mentioned) 相关句：the disco very of red’sadvantage might lead to new regulations on sports uniforms.第三部分How technology pushes down price 23．E technologyhelps reduce food prices 24. C bigger supermarketsoffer lower prices