发动机专业英语词汇-19页文档资料
发动机
engine
内燃机
intenal combusiton
engine
动力机装置
power unit
汽油机
gasoline engine 汽油喷射式汽油机gasoline-injection
engine
火花点火式发动机
spark ignition
engine
压燃式发动机
compression ignition engine
往复式内燃机
reciprocating internal combustion
engine
化油器式发动机
carburetor engine
柴油机
diesel engine
转子发动机
rotary engine
旋轮线转子发动机
rotary trochoidal
engine
二冲程发动机
two-stroke engine
四冲程发动机
four-stroke engine
直接喷射式柴油机
direct injection
engine
间接喷射式柴油机
indirect injection
engine
增压式发动机
supercharged engine
风冷式发动机
air-cooled engine
油冷式发动机
oil-cooled engine
水冷式发动机
water-cooled engine
自然进气式发动机
naturally aspirated
engine
煤气机
gas engine
液化石油气发动机
liquified petroleum
gas engine
柴油煤气机
diesel gas engine
多种燃料发动机
multifuel engine
石油发动机
hydrocarbon engine
双燃料发动机
duel fuel engine
热球式发动机
hot bulb engine
多气缸发动机
multiple cylinder
engine
对置活塞发动机
opposed piston
engine
对置气缸式发动机opposed-cylinder
engine
十字头型发动机cross head engine 直列式发动机
in-line engine
星型发动机
radial engine
筒状活塞发动机trunk-piston engine 斯特林发动机stirling engine
套阀式发动机
knight engine
气孔扫气式发动机
port-scavenged
engine
倾斜式发动机
slant engine
前置式发动机
front-engine
后置式发动机
rear-engine
中置式发动机
central engine
左侧发动机
left-hand engine
右侧发动机
right-hand engine
短冲程发动机
oversquare engine
长冲程发动机
undersquare engine
等径程发动机
square engine
顶置凸轮轴发动机
overhead camshaft
engine
双顶置凸轮轴发动机
dual overhead
camshaft engine
V形发动机
V-engine
顶置气门发动机
valve in-head engine
侧置气门发动机
side valve engine
无气门发动机
valveless engine
多气门发动机
multi-valve engine
卧式发动机
horizontal engine
斜置式发动机
inclined engine
立式发动机
vertical engine
W形发动机
w-engine
I形发动机
I-engine
L形发动机
L-engine
F形发动机
F-engine
性能
performance
二冲程循环
two-stroke cycle 四冲程循环
four-stroke cycle 狄塞尔循环
diesel cycle
奥托循环
otto cycle
混合循环
mixed cycle
定容循环constant volume
cycle
工作循环
working cycle
等压循环constant pressure
cycle
理想循环
ideal cycle
热力循环
thermodynamic cycle
冲程
stroke
活塞行程
piston stroke
长行程
long stroke
上行程
up stroke
下行程
down stroke
进气行程
intake stroke
充气行程
charging stroke
压缩行程
compression stroke
爆炸行程
explosion stroke
膨胀行程
expansion stroke
动力行程
power stroke
排气行程
exhaust stroke
膨胀换气行程
expansion-exchange
stroke
换气压缩行程
exchange-compressio
n stroke
止点
dead center
上止点
top dead
center(upper dead
center)
下止点
lower dead
center(bottom dead
center)
上止点前
BTDC(before top dead
center)
上止点后
atdc(after top dead
cetner)
下止点前
bbdc(before bottom dead center)
下止点后
abdc(after bottom dead center)
缸径
cylinder bore
缸径与行程
bore and stroke
空气室
energy chamber
气缸余隙容积cylinder clearance
volume
燃烧室容积combustion chamber
volume
气缸最大容积maximum cylinder
volume
压缩室
compression chamber
排气量
displacement
发动机排量
engine displacement
活塞排量
piston swept volume
气缸容量
cylinder capacity
单室容量
single-chamber
capacity
容积法
volumetry
压缩比
compression ratio
临界压缩比
critical
compression ratio
膨胀比
expansion ratio
面容比
surface to volume
ratio
行程缸径比
stroke-bore ratio
混合比
mixture ratio
压缩压力
compression
pressure
制动平均有效压力
brake mean effective
pressure(bmep)
空燃比
air fuel ratio
燃空比
fuel air ratio
燃料当量比
fuel equivalence
ratio
扭矩
torque
单缸功率
power per cylinder
升功率
power per liter
升扭矩
torque per liter
升质量
mass per liter
减额功率derating power
输出马力
shaft horsepower 马力小时，马力时horsepower-hour
总马力
gross horse power
总功率
gross power
净功率
net power
燃油消耗量
fuel consumption 比燃料消耗率
specific fuel
consumption
空气消耗率
air consumption
机油消耗量
oil consumption
effective thermal
efficiency
充气系数
volumetric
efficiency
过量空气系数
coefficient of
excess air
活塞平均速度
mean piston speed
发动机转速
engine speed
(rotational
frequency)
怠速转速
idling speed
经济转速
economic speed
起动转速
starting speed
最低稳定工作转速
lowest continuous
speed with load
最大扭矩转速
speed at maximum
torque
最高空转转速
maximum no load
governed speed
调速
speed governing
超速
overspeed
怠速
idling
转速波动率
speed fluctuation
rate
工况
working
condition(operating
mode)
额定工况declared working
condition
变工况variable working
condition
稳定工况
steady working
condition
空载
no-load
全负荷
full load
超负荷
气缸
cylinder
（转子机）缸体
stator
缸径
cylinder bore
气缸体机架cylinder block fr
ame
气缸盖
cylinder head
配气机构箱
valve mechanism c
asing
气缸体隔片
cylinder spacer
气缸盖密封环
cylinder head rin
g gasket
气缸盖垫片
cylinder head gas
ket
气缸套
cylinder liner(cyl
inder sleeve)
干式缸套
dry cylinder line
r
湿式缸套
wet cylinder line
r
气缸水套
water jacket
power performance
排放性能
emission performan
ce
空转特性
no load character
istics
负荷特性
part throttle cha
racteristics
调速特性
governor control
characteristics
万有特性
mapping characteri
stics
气缸体和气缸盖
cylinder block an
d head
气缸体
cylinder block
整体铸造
cast inblock (cas t enblock)
发动机罩
engine bonnet
燃烧室combustion chamber
主燃烧室
main combustion c
hamber
副燃烧室subsidiary combust ion chamber
预燃室
prechamber
涡流燃烧室` swirl combustion
chamber
分开式燃烧室divided combustion
chamber
涡流式燃烧室turbulence combust ion chamber
半球形燃烧室
hemispherical comb
ustion chamber
浴盆形燃烧室
bathtub section c
ombustion chamber
L形燃烧室
L-combustion chamb
er
楔形燃烧室
wedge-section comb
ustion chamber
开式燃烧室
open combustion c
hamber
封闭喷射室
closed spray cham
ber
活塞顶内燃烧室
piston chamber
爆发室
explosion chamber
燃烧室容积比
volume ratio of
combustion cahmber
燃烧室口径比
surface-volume rat
io of combustion
chamber
通道面积比
area ratio of co
mbustion chamber
passage
曲轴箱通气口
crankcase breather
凸轮轴轴承座
camshaft bearing
bush seat
定时齿轮室罩
camshaft drive(gea
r)cover
曲轴箱检查孔盖
crankcase door
曲轴箱防爆门
crankcase explosio
n proof door
主轴承盖
main bearing cap
气缸盖罩
valve mechanism c
over
飞轮壳
flywheel cover
扫气储器scavenging air re
ceiver
活塞
piston
裙部开槽活塞
直接冷却式活塞direct-cooled pist
on
间接冷却式活塞indirect cooled p
iston
滑裙活塞slipper piston
活塞速度
piston speed
活塞顶部
piston head
活塞裙部
piston skirt
整体活塞裙
solid skirt
活塞裙扩大衬簧
piston skirt expa
nder
滑履式活塞裙
slipper skirt
隔热槽
heat dam
活塞标记
piston mark
活塞销
piston pin
活塞销孔
piston pin boss
活塞销衬套
piston pin bushin
g
全浮式活塞销
full-floating pist
on pin
半浮式活塞销
semifloating pisto
n pin
固定螺钉式活塞销
set screw piston
pin
活塞环
piston ring
组合式活塞环
compound piston r
ing
同心活塞环
concentric piston
ring
偏心活塞环
eccentric piston
ring
自由环
free ring
闭合环
closed ring
梯形环
keystone ring
半梯形环
half keystone rin
g
矩形环rectangular ring
油环
oil control ring
开槽油环
凸轮轴轴承camshaft bearing
凸轮轴偏心轮camshaft eccentric 凸轮轴链轮camshaft sprocket 凸轮轴正时齿轮camshaft timing g
ear
凸轮轴齿轮camshaft gear whe
el
进口凸轮
inlet cam
排气凸轮
exhaust cam
快升凸轮
quick lift cam
快升缓降凸轮
quick lift gradua
l clsing cam
凸轮轮廓
cam contour
凸轮包角
cam angle
正时齿轮
timing gear
链传动机构
chain drive
链轮
sprocket wheel
链轮盘
chain sprocket
正时链条
timing chain
带齿皮带
toothed timing be
lt
链条张紧轮
chain tension gea
r
半速齿轮
half speed gear
正时齿轮刻印记号
timing gear punch
mark
气门
valve
进气过程
intake process
换气过程
gas exchange proc
ess
扫气过程
scavenging process
给气比
delivery ratio
分层充气
stratified charge
充量系数volumetric efficie
ncy
涡流比
swirl rate
进气涡流
intake swirl
螺旋进气道进气helical duct inta
ke
导流屏式气门进气masked valve inta
ke
切向进气道进气tangential duct i
ntake
进气紊流intake trubulence 进气提前角intake advance an
gle
进气持续角intake duration a
ngle
进气迟后角
intake lag angle
进面值
time-area value
气门升程
valve lift
气门正时
valve timing
扫气口面积
scavenging port a
rea
菌形气门
mashroom valve, p
oppet valve
钠冷却气门
sodium filled val
ve(natrium cooled
valve)
双气门
dual valve
进气门
intake valve (suc
tion valve,inlet
valve)
排气门
exhaust valve
顶置气门
overhead valve
侧置气门
distributor fuel
injection pump
多缸燃油喷射泵
multicylinder fuel
injection pump
框架安装式燃油喷射
泵
cradle mounted in
jection pump
喷油始点
fuel injection be
ginning
喷油终点
fuel injection en
d
喷油持续角
fuel injection du ration angle
喷油延迟injection delay
引燃喷射
pilot injection
启喷压力injection starting
pressure
峰值喷油扭矩peak injection to
rque
峰值喷油压力peak injection pr
essure
喷油泵油缸数目number of cylinde rs of an injecti
on pump
无气喷射
solid injection
喷射正时injection timing
集中喷射
group injection
喷油器
injector
整体式喷油器
unit injector
喷嘴
nozzle
轴针式喷嘴
pintle type nozzl
e
环槽式喷嘴
annular slot nozz
le
孔式喷嘴
hole type nozzle
长杆喷嘴
long stem nozzle
孔板式喷嘴
orifice plate noz
zle
开式喷嘴
open nozzle
闭式喷嘴
closed nozzle
喷油提前器
timing advance un
it
喷射泵壳体
injection pump ho
using
喷嘴锥体
nozzle hole cone
柱塞
plunger
柱塞套
barrel
柱塞行程
plunger stroke
喷孔
spray orifice
燃油滤清器
fuel filter
增压器
supercharger
增压装置
supercharging device 涡轮增压器
turbo-charger
机械增压
mechanical superchargi ng
涡轮增压
turbo-charging
增压比
supercharge ratio
增压压力
boost pressure
增压中冷
inter-cooling
中冷度
inter-cooling level 增压度
supercharging level electronic indicator 燃烧分析仪
combustion analyzer 压力传感器
pressure transducer 精密声级计
precision sound level
meter
排放
emission
排放物
emission
排气污染物
gaseous pollutant
蒸发排放物
evaporative emission
曲轴箱排放物
crankcase emission
漏气
blowby gas
氨氧化物
oxids of nitrogen
一气化碳
carbon monoxide
碳氢化合物
hydrocarbon
甲烷
methane
无甲烷碳氢化合物
non-methane hydrocarbo
ns
光化学活性碳氢化合物
photochemically reacti
ve hydrocarbons
微粒物
particulated matter
黑烟
black smoke
蓝烟
blue smoke
白烟
white smoke
碳烟
soot
光化学烟雾
smog
臭味
odor
丙烷
propane
排放浓度
concentration of emis sion
排气烟度
exhaust smoke
先期排气
initial exhaust
亚临界排气
subcritical exhaust
超临界排气
supercritical exhaust 强制排气
forced exhaust
自由排气
free exhaust
排气提前角
exhaust advance angle 排气迟后角
exhaust lag angle
排气热损失
exhaust heat loss
排气净化
exhaust purification 排气背压exhaust back pressure
残余废气
residual gas
排气有害成分
poisonous exhaust com
position
柴油机排烟
diesel smoke
综合排放浓度
composite concentratio
n of exhaust emissio
n
空燃比反馈控制系统
air-fuel ratio feedba
ck control system
理论配比
stoichiometric
高效带
window
氧传感器
oxygen sensor
稀混合气
lean mixture
浓混合气
rich mixture
分层充气
stratified charge
温度补偿
temperature compensati
ng
温度传感器
temperature sensor
压力传感器
pressure sensor
位置传感器
position sensor
转速传感器
speed sensor
机械磨损
mechanical wear
化学磨损
chemical wear
热磨损
thermic wear
疲劳磨损
fatigue wear
腐蚀性磨损corrosion wear 故障磨损
failure wear 故障malfunctioning 断裂
breakdown
损坏
damage
更换（零件）replacing
擦伤
scratching
刮伤
scoring
摩托车motorcycle
轻便摩托车moped
轿车
passenger car 微型轿车minicar
普通级轿车
subcompact car
中级轿车
compact car
中高级轿车
intermediate car
高级轿车
limousine (pullman sa
loon)
活顶轿车
convertible saloon
旅行轿车
station wagon
短头轿车
forward control passe
nger car
小型轿车
coupe
敞蓬小轿车
drop head coupe
跑车
sports car
赛车
racer (racing car)
单座小客车
one-seater
七座小客车
seven-seater
越野车
off-road vehicle
轻型越野车
light-off-road vehicle
中型越野车
medium off-road vehic
le
重型越野车
heavy off -road vehi
cle
超重型越野车
extra heavy off- roa
d vehicle
吉普车
jeep
硬顶吉普车
hard top jeep
客车
bus
微型客车
minibus
轻型客车
light bus
中型客车
medium bus
大型客车
large bus
客货两用小客车
estate car (estate) 多用途客车multipurpose vehicle 厢式小客车
closed car
出租小客车
taxicar
城市客车
urban bus
大客车
coach
城间大客车intercity bus
长途大客车
long distance coach
旅游客车
sightseeing bus(tourin
g bus)
铰接客车
articulated bus
无轨客车
trolley bus
双层客车
double-deck bus
团体客车
private coach
货车
truck(lorry)
微型货车
mini-truck
轻型货车
light truck
中型货车
medium truck
重型货车
heavy truck
公路货车
highway vehicle
小型货车
pick-up
平板货车
platform truck(flat b
ed truck)
通用货车
general -purpose vehi
cle
短轴距货车
short-wheel base truc
k
长轴距货车
long-wheelbase truck
集装箱运输货车
container carrier
客货两用车
cargo-bus
厢式货车
van
牵引汽车
towing vehicle
全挂牵引汽车
towing vehicle
牵杆式牵引车
full-trailer towing v ehicle
半挂牵引车
semi-trailer towing v ehicle
道路列车
road train
客用道路列车
passenger road train 铰接式道路列车articulated road trai n
双挂式道路列车
double road train
混合式道路列车composite road train 天然气车辆
natural gas vehicle(N GV) 压缩天然气车辆
compressed natural ga
s vehicle
液化天然气车辆
liquid petroleum gas
vehicle
液化石油气车辆
liquid petroleum gas
vehicle
双燃料车辆
duel fuel vehicle
单燃料车辆
single fuel vehicle
专用车
special vehicle
垃圾车
dust car (refuse col
lector)
冷藏车
refrigerated van
洒水车
street sprinkler (str
eet flusher)
囚车
prison van
殡仪车
hearse
售货车
mobile store(mobile s
hop)
图书馆车
mobile library
宣传车
mobile louderspeaker
商业广告车
spiel truck
展览汽车
demonstration car
博览会专用车
fairground vehicle
流动艺术展览车
artmobile
邮政车
mobile post office
运油车
fuel tanker
加油车
refueller
飞机牵引车
aircraft tractor
救护车
ambulance (medical ve hicle)
病院汽车
clinic car
医疗急救车
rescue ambulance
X射线诊断车
mobile-x-ray clinic 防疫监测车
mobile epidemic contr ol vehicle
计划生育车
mobile family -planni ng clinic
伤残者运送车handicapped person ca rrier
炊事车kitchen vehicle
餐车
mobile canteen
沐浴车
mobile shower bath
保温车
insulated van
电视转播车
TV relaying vehicle
电视录像车
video recording vehic
le
摄影车
mobile photographic s
tudio
电影放映车
film projection vehic
le
邮件运输车
mail carrier
农用车
farm vehicle
种子检测车
plant seeds inspectio
n van
植物保护车
plant pest control v
ehicle
计量检测车
metrology inspection
vehicle
环境检测车
mobile environment mo
nitor
畜禽防疫车
mobile animal eqidemi
c control
交通监理车
traffic control car
刑事勘察车
mobile crime investig
ation vehicle
气卸散装水泥车
bulk-cement pneumatic
delivery tanker
气卸散装煤粉车
bulk-coal powder pneu matic delivery tanker 气卸散装电石粉车
bulk-calcium carbide pneumatic delivery ta nker
气卸散装化学粉粒车
bulk-chemicals pneumat ic delivery tanker
食用植物油运油汽车edible oil tanker
食用植物油加油车
edible oil pump deli very tanker
活鱼运输车
life fish carrier
气卸散装面粉车
bulk-flour pneumatic delivery tanker
吸尘车
vacuum sweeper
高压清洗车
high-pressure sewer f lushing vehicle
chart of automotive
model
后驱动汽车
rear drive automobile
前驱动汽车
前轮距
track front
后轮距
track rear
双胎间距
space between twin w
heels
前悬
front overhang
后悬
rear overhang
离地间隙
ground clearance
纵向通过角
ramp angle
接近角
approach angle
离出角
departure angle
车架高度
height of chassis ab
ove ground
驾驶室后车架最大可用长
度
maximum usable length
of chassis behind
cab
车身长度
货厢容积
loading surface
门高
door height
门宽
door width
车架有效长度
chassis frame useful
length
比功率
power/mass ratio
比扭矩
torque/maximum total mass ratio
希望以上资料对你有所帮助，附励志名言3条：
1、常自认为是福薄的人，任何不好的事情发生都合情合理，有这样平常心态，将会战胜很多困难。
2、君子之交淡如水，要有好脾气和仁义广结好缘，多结识良友，那是积蓄无形资产。很多成功就是来源于无形资产。
3、一棵大树经过一场雨之后倒了下来，原来是根基短浅。我们做任何事都要打好基础，才能坚固不倒。
发动机专业英语词汇
发动机分类 1 往复式内燃机reciprocating internal combustion engine 2 化油器式发动机carburetor engine 3 转子发动机rotary engine 4 旋轮线转子发动机rotary trochoidal engine 5 二冲程发动机two-stroke engine 6 四冲程发动机four-stroke engine 7 增压式发动机supercharged engine 8 风冷式发动机air-cooled engine 9 油冷式发动机oil-cooled engine 10 水冷式发动机water-cooled engine 11 自然进气式发动机naturally aspirated engine 12 煤气机gas engine 13 液化石油气发动机liquified petroleum gas engine 14 柴油煤气机diesel gas engine 15 多种燃料发动机multifuel engine 16 石油发动机hydrocarbon engine 17 双燃料发动机duel fuel engine 18 热球式发动机hot bulb engine 19 多气缸发动机multiple cylinder engine 20 对置活塞发动机opposed piston engine 21 对置气缸式发动机opposed-cylinder engine 22 十字头型发动机cross head engine 23 直列式发动机in-line engine 24 星型发动机radial engine 25 筒状活塞发动机trunk-piston engine 26 斯特林发动机stirling engine 27 套阀式发动机knight engine 28 气孔扫气式发动机port-scavenged engine 29 倾斜式发动机slant engine 30 前置式发动机front-engine 31 后置式发动机rear-engine 32 中置式发动机central engine 33 左侧发动机left-hand engine 34 右侧发动机right-hand engine 35 短冲程发动机oversquare engine 36 长冲程发动机undersquare engine 37 等径程发动机square engine 38 顶置凸轮轴发动机overhead camshaft engine 39 双顶置凸轮轴发动机dual overhead camshaft engine 40 V形发动机V-engine 41 顶置气门发动机valve in-head engine 42 侧置气门发动机side valve engine 43 无气门发动机valveless engine
现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter
现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料c h a p t e r 文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]
Chapter 9 Changes in Word Meaning 9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning 9.2 Four Tendencies in Semantic Change 9.3 Semantic Development or Change Resulting from the Figurative Use of Words Definition: Change of meaning refers to the alteration of the meaning of existing words, as well as the addition of new meaning to established words. 9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning A.Historical cause 历史原因 It often happens that though a word retains its original form ,its meaning has changed because the object which it denotes has changed . *Changes of meaning because of increased knowledge of the object described are common in the history of science. Eg. pencil ==is from a Latin word meaning “a little tail” or “a fine brush”, like our Chinese “pen”毛笔.Later, when it was made of wood and graphite ,it was still called a “pencil”. atom ==It was borrowed though Latin and French from Greek arouos,invisible. Thus atom meant originally “an particle too small to be divided”. This meaning is now out-of-date, because scientist have found out that atom can be split.
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汽车及发动机英语专业词汇 铁路机车locomotive 有轨电车tram 无轨电车trolley 军用车辆militaryvehicle 蒸汽机steamengine 煤气机gasengine 汽油机gasolineengine 国民经济nationaleconomy 国内生产总值（GDP）GrossDomesticProduction 全拆散（CKD）CompletelyKnockDown 半拆散（SKD 铁路机车 locomotive 有轨电车 tram 无轨电车 trolley 军用车辆 military vehicle 蒸汽机 steam engine 煤气机 gas engine 汽油机 gasoline engine 国民经济 national economy 国内生产总值（GDP） Gross Domestic Production 全拆散（CKD） Completely Knock Down 半拆散（SKD） Semi-Knock Down 改革开放 reform and opening 技术引进 technical import 国产化 localization 支柱产业 pillar estate 货车 truck, lorry 公路用车 road vehicle 非公路用车 off-road vehicle 机体 engine body 曲柄连杆机构 crank-connecting rod mechanism 配气机构 valve timing mechanism 供给系 fuel supply system 冷却系 cooling system 润滑系 lubricating system 点火系 ignition system 起动系 starting system 底盘 chassis 传动系 power train 离合器 clutch 变速器 gear box 传动轴 propeller shaft 驱动桥 drive axle 行驶系 running gear 车架 frame 悬架 suspension 前轴 front axle 桥壳 axle housing 转向系 steering system 转向盘 steering wheel 转向器 steering gear 转向传动装置 steering linkage 助力装置 power assisting device 制动系 braking system 控制装置 control device 供能装置 power supply device 传动装置 transfer device 制动器 brake 车前板制件 front end panels 车身壳体bodyshell 附属装置auxiliarydevice 货箱carryingplatform 发动机前置后轮驱动（FR）frontenginereardrive 发动机前置前轮驱动（FF）frontenginefrontdrive 发动机后置后轮驱动（RR）rearenginereardrive 车身壳体 body shell 附属装置 auxiliary device 货箱 carrying platform 发动机前置后轮驱动（FR）front engine rear drive 发动机前置前轮驱动（FF）front engine front drive 发动机后置后轮驱动（RR）rear engine rear drive 汽缸直径 bore 工作容积 working volume 排量 swept volume, displacement 进气行程 intake stroke 压缩行程 compression stroke 压缩比 compression ratio 做功行程 working stroke 爆燃，敲缸 detonation, knock 排气行程 exhaust stroke
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1、选择题（2 ×15=30） 2、填空题（2×5=10 ） 3、搭配题(1×10=10) 4、名词解释题(4×5=20) 5、问题回答(5×3=15) 6、论述题(第39题7分，第40题8分) 选择题： 1. Which of the following is an initialism ? D. UN 2. The following are all nominal suffixes EXCEPT A. –ful . 3．Both English and B. Danish belong to the Germantic branch of the Indo-European language family. 4.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatik relationships are known as C. inflectional morphemes. 5.Motiation accounts for the connection between word-form and C.its meaning. 6.Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and C.homonymy. 7.Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as B .derivational affixes. 8.The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the A.illogical relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in rain cats and dogs. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/937768326.html,ually a small number of languages have been designated official languages for an organization’s activities ,for example, the UN was established with five official languages English, French, A.Spanish Russian, and Chinese.中英俄法西
新闻中常见英语词汇
一．国际事务： negotiations，delegate，delegation，summit 峰会 charter n. 特许状，执照，宪章 pledge n. 诺言，保证，誓言，抵押，信物，保人，祝愿vt. 许诺，保证，使发誓，抵押，典当，举杯祝……健康 vt. 特许，发给特许执照 promote peace 促进和平 boost economic co-op 加强经济合作 make concession/compromise 作出妥协 pass a resolution 通过决议 sanction n. 核准，制裁，处罚，约束力 vt. 制定制裁规则，认可，核准，同意 default n. 违约，不履行责任，缺席，默认值 vt. 疏怠职责，缺席，拖欠，默认 vi. 疏怠职责，缺席，拖欠，默认 veto a bill 否决议案 break the deadlock 打破僵局 a scientific breakthrough 科学突破 an unexpected outcome 出乎意料的结果 sign/ratify an accord/deal/treaty/pact/agreement 签署协议diplomatically isolated country 在外交上被孤立的国家diplomatic solutions 外交解决方案 hot spot 热点 take hostilities toward..... 对……采取敌对态度 ethnic cleansing 种族排斥 refugee，illegal aliens 非法移民 mediator 调解员 national convention 国民大会 fight corruption 反腐败 corrupted election 腐败的选举 peace process 和平进程 give a boost to... 促进 booming economy 促进经济发展 mutual benefits/interests 双赢 Defense Minister，evacuate，flee from Pentagon 五角大楼impose/break a deadline 规定/打破最后期限 retaliate 报复 banking reform 金融改革 commissioner 代表 go bankrupt 破产 file for bankruptcy 提出破产 deputy 代表
发动机专业英语单词
Para 1 基本原理Notes: Para. 1.appreciate: understand fully，评价，估价，理解 unsuitability :不适合，不相称，不匹配 present:submit,offer,give，提出，设置 2.patent: n,专利v,取得…专利 athodyd: 航空热力管道，冲压式喷气发动机 ram jet: 冲压喷气发动机 3.turbo-jet engine:涡轮喷气发动机 turbo-propeller engine: 涡轮螺桨发动机 viscount aircraft: 子爵式飞机 twin-spool: 双转子 triple-spool: 三转子 by-pass: 双涵式，内外涵 ducted fan: 管道风扇式,涵道风扇式 4.piston engine: 活塞发动机 solely:单独地,独自地,只是 5.pulse jet: 脉动式发动机 turbo/ram jet: 涡轮/冲压喷气发动机 6.momentum: 动量 issue:流出,放出 impart…to…:give，给予 jet: 喷嘴 8.sprinkler: 喷水器 by virtue of: 凭借，利用 firefighting: 消防 hose: 软管 carnival: 狂欢节 9.resultant: 合成的，总的 10.convert…into…:change…into， 11.convergent: 收敛的 divergent: 发散的 target vehicle: 耙机 12.intermittent: 间歇的，周期性的 static：静止的，静态的 dynamic：动力的，动态的 aero-：空气的 aerodynamic：空气动力学的 robust：坚固的，强壮的 spring-looded：绷有弹簧的 (图1-7)：shutter valve：薄片式，快门式阀门，节气活门depression：下降
发动机专业术语中英文对照收集
发动机专业术语中英文对照收集 发动机专业术语中英文对照收集 发动机 engine 内燃机 intenal combusiton engine 动力机装置 power unit 汽油机 gasoline engine 汽油喷射式汽油机 gasoline-injection engine 火花点火式发动机 spark ignition engine 压燃式发动机 compression ignition engine 往复式内燃机 reciprocating internal combustion engine 化油器式发动机 carburetor engine 柴油机 diesel engine 转子发动机 rotary engine 旋轮线转子发动机 rotary trochoidal engine 二冲程发动机 two-stroke engine 四冲程发动机 four-stroke engine 直接喷射式柴油机 direct injection engine 间接喷射式柴油机 indirect injection engine 增压式发动机 supercharged engine 风冷式发动机 air-cooled engine 油冷式发动机 oil-cooled engine 水冷式发动机 water-cooled engine 自然进气式发动机 naturally aspirated engine 煤气机 gas engine 液化石油气发动机 liquified petroleum gas engine 柴油煤气机 diesel gas engine 多种燃料发动机 multifuel engine 石油发动机 hydrocarbon engine 双燃料发动机 duel fuel engine 热球式发动机 hot bulb engine 多气缸发动机 multiple cylinder engine
英语词汇学知识点归纳
英语词汇学知识点归纳 Standardization of sany group #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#
English Lexicology(英语词汇学) Lexicology（词汇学）: is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. The Nature and Scope of English lexicology： English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. The subjects that English Lexicology correlated with and extent to： English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics（文体论） and lexicography(词典学) The reason for a student to study English lexicology： According to the textbook, English Lexicology will definitely be beneficial for students of English. A good knowledge of morphological structures of English words and rules of word-formation will help learners develop their personal vocabulary and consciously increase their word power. The information of the historical development and the principles of classification will give them a deeper understanding of word-meaning and enable them to organize, classify and store words more effectively. The understanding and their sense relations will gradually raise their awareness of meaning and usage, and enable them use words more accurately and appropriately. A working knowledge of dictionaries will improve their skills of using reference books and raise their problem-solving ability and efficiency of individual study. Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary Word（词的定义）: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence Sound and meaning（声音与意义）: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself” Sound and form（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因（1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other （2）the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years（3）some of the difference were creates by the early scribes（4）the borrowings is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary Vocabulary（词汇）: all the words in a language make up its vocabulary Classification of English Words： By use frequency:basic word stock&nonbasic vocabulary By notion:content words&functional words By origin:native words&borrowed words The basic word stock（基本词汇）: is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language. Though it constitute a small percentage of the EV, it is the most important part of vocabulary. The Fundamental Features of the Basic Word Stock(基本词汇的特征): 1)All-National character（全民通用性most important） 2)Stability（相对稳定性） 3)Productivity（多产性） 4)Polysemy（多义性） 5)Collocability（可搭配性） 没有上述特征的words:(1)Terminology(术语) (2)Jargon（行话） (3)slang（俚语） (4)Argot（暗语）（5）Dialectal words(方言) (6) Archaisms（古语） (7) Neologisms（新词语）:Neologisms means newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings.(email) Content words/notional words实词(cloud, run walk, never, five, frequently) and functional words/empty words虚词(on, of, and, be, but) Native Words and Borrowed Words Native words（本族语词）: known as Anglo-Saxon words (50,000-60,000), are words brought to Britain in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes. (mainstream of the basic word-stocks).Two other features:(1)neutral in style (2)frequent in use
新闻传播常用英语词汇表
传播学专业英语词汇表第一部分：基本传播学理论词汇 传播Communication 内向/自我传播Intrapersonal Communication 人际传播Interpersonal Communication 群体传播Group Communication 组织传播Organization Communication 大众传播Mass Communication 单向传播One-Sided Communication 双向传播Two-Sided Communication 互动传播Interactive Communication 媒介Media 大众传播媒介Mass Media 新媒介New Media 新闻洞News Hold
新闻价值News Value 传播者Communicator 主动传播者Active Communicator 受传者/受众/阅听大众Audience 受众兴坤Audience Interest 受众行为Audience Activity 信息Information 信号Signal 讯息Message 信息熵Entropy 冗余/冗余信息Redundancy 传播单位Communication Unit 奥斯古德模式Osgood Model 编码Encoding 解码Decoding
信源Source 传播的数学理论Mathematical Theory of Communication 传播渠道Communication Channel 有效传播Effective Communication 传播效果Effects 知识沟Knowledge-Gap 使用与满足模式Uses and Gratifications Model 使用与依从模式Uses and Dependencys Model 口传系统System of Oral Communication 地球村Global Village 内爆Implosion 全球化Globalization 本土化Localization 电子空间Cyber Space 数字化Digitalization
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Lesson 1 Basic Concepts in M e c h a n i c s机械学的基本概念mechanics n.力学 modify v.修改，调解，变更manageable a.可控制【管理】的incline v.（使）倾斜 ramp n.斜板，斜坡【道】slope v.（使）倾斜 friction n.摩擦 roll v.滚动 multiplier n.放大器，乘法器broom n.扫帚 convert v.转变【化】 handle n.手柄【把】 sweep v.扫荡【描】，掠过efficiency n.效率 gauge vt.测【计】量，校验bearing n.轴承 ideal mechanical advantage 理想的机械效益 neglect vt.忽略Lesson 2 Basic Assumption in Plasticity Theory 塑性理论的基本假设 assumption n.假定 plasticity n.塑性 investigate v.调查，研究deformation n.变形 metal forming process 金属成型工艺【过程】 strain (rate) n.应变【速率】strength n.强度 stress n.应力 yield stress 屈服应力 flow stress 流动应力 tensile stress 拉【伸】应力compressive stress 压【缩】应力shear stress 剪【切】应力geometry n.几何形状 elastic a.弹性的 springback n.回弹 bending n.弯曲，折弯
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《英语词汇学》复习资料1 Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks. Directions: Complete the following statements with proper words. 1.The 1 is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words. 2. 2 are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the English language. 3.The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from two different angles: 3 approach and synchronic approach. 4.“Mal-”in “maltreat”is a 4 prefix, while “inter-”in “interstate”is a 5 prefix. 5.Old English is described as a language of full endings, Middle English language of 6 endings, and a language of 7 endings. 6.In modern English, one may find some 8 words whose sounds suggest their meaning, for these words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises. 7.The word meaning is made up of 9 meaning and 10 meaning, and the later has two components: conceptual meaning and 11 meaning. 8.Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: appreciative or 12 . 9.13 is thought to be the opposite process of suffixation. 10.14 is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word. 11.15 refers to the jargon of criminals. Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups, and outsiders can hardly understand it. 12.“Pretty”and “handsome”share the same 16 meaning，but differ in 17 meaning. 13.___18___analysis is a process of breaking down the sense of a word into its minimal components which are also known as semantic features.. 14.Radiation and 19 are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy. 15.20 deals with the relationship of inclusion, i.e. the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word. Ⅱ. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for “true”and F for “false”. 1.Homonyms are descendants of different sources whereas a polysemant is a word
发动机专业英语单词
Para 1 基本原理 Notes: Para. 1.appreciate: understand fully，评价，估价，理解 unsuitability :不适合，不相称，不匹配 present:submit,offer,give，提出，设置 2.patent: n,专利v,取得…专利 athodyd: 航空热力管道，冲压式喷气发动机 ram jet: 冲压喷气发动机 3.turbo-propeller engine: 涡轮螺桨发动机 viscount aircraft: 子爵式飞机 twin-spool: 双转子 triple-spool: 三转子 by-pass: 双涵式，内外涵 ducted fan: 管道风扇式,涵道风扇式 4.piston engine: 活塞发动机 solely:单独地,独自地,只是 5.pulse jet: 脉动式发动机 turbo/ram jet: 涡轮/冲压喷气发动机 6.momentum: 动量 issue:流出,放出 impart…to…:give，给予 jet: 喷嘴 8.sprinkler: 喷水器 by virtue of: 凭借，利用 firefighting: 消防 hose: 软管 carnival: 狂欢节 9.resultant: 合成的，总的 10.convert…into…:change…into， 11.convergent: 收敛的 divergent: 发散的 target vehicle: 耙机 12.intermittent: 间歇的，周期性的 static：静止的，静态的 dynamic：动力的，动态的 aero-：空气的 aerodynamic：空气动力学的 robust：坚固的，强壮的 spring-loaded：绷有弹簧的 (图1-7)：shutter valve：薄片式，快门式阀门，节气活门 depression：下降 rotor：旋翼
英语词汇学第五章复习资料
第五章 词汇： reference n.所指 Concept n.概念 identical adj. 同一的；完全相同的 Motivation 理据 Onomatopoeic 拟声的 echoic 拟声的 morphological 形态的 opaque adj. 不透明的；不传热的；迟钝的 literal adj. 文字的；逐字的；无夸张的 figurative 形态的 associations 联想 Etymological 词源 monogamous 单配的 constant adj. 不变的 indeterminate 不确定的 archaic 旧的 Interjections 感叹词 overlaps n. 重叠部分 revealed v. 透露 要点： 一. 1.Reference –the relationship between language and the world.(cat,"she""annimal"ect.) ｛The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is a rbitrary and conventional. This connection is the result of generalization and abstraction. Although reference is abstract，yet with the help of context， it can refer to something specific. ｝
2.Concept–which beyond language, is the result of human cognition,reflecting the objective world in the human mind. It isn’t affected by language. Meaning and concept are closely connected but not identical. Meaning belongs to language，so is restricted to language use. A concept can have as many referring expressions as there are language in the world. 3.Sense – (the meaning of meaning.) denotes the relationship inside the language. Every word that has meaning has sense. The sense of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationships with other expressions in the language. It is also abstraction. 二.Motivation-accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its mean ing. English does have words whose meanings can be explained to a certain extent. Most words are non-motivated. The connection of the sign and meaning dose not have a logical explanation. 1.Onomatopoeic Motivation – the words whose sounds suggest their meaning. （Indicate the relationship between sound and meaning）. Knowing the sounds of the words means understanding the meaning. These words we created by imitating the natural sounds or noises. (For example，bang，ping-pang，crow by cocks，etc. ) Such echoic words are also conventional for the sounds we say in English may not be the same in other language.