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华中师大《语言学》试题集及答案

《语言学》试题集及答案

I. Tick off the correct or the best possible answers:

1.One of the properties of language is that a language user can understand and

produce sentences he/she has never heard before. This property of language is called ________.

A. duality

B. productivity

C. displacement

D. arbitrariness Key: B

2.The ______ function refers to the fact that language can be used for

establishing a favorable atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.

A. phatic

B. directive

C. evocative

D. performative Key: A

3.From a functional approach, the _______ meaning of a language use consists

of what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.

A. affective

B. associative

C. stylistic

D. collocative Key: A

4.When –ing in ?gangling‘ is removed to get a verb ?gangle‘, we call this way of

creating words ________.

A. suffixation

B. back-formation

C. blending

D. acronymy Key: B

5.______ refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to

positions of importance.

A. Degradation

B. Specialization

C. Elevation

D. Extension Key: C

6.As we know, every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special

way of expressing his ideas in language. This language variety of individual users is called ______.

A. idiolect

B. regional dialect

C. temporal dialect

D. social dialect Key: A

7.When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to

the word, they are collectively known as ________.

A. intonation

B. tone

C. phoneme

D. sentence stress Key: A

8._______ refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an

adjacent sound.

A. Addition of sound

B. Loss of sound

C. Metathesis

D. Assimilation

Key: D

9.Basically, all the languages in the world can be classified in terms of language

family. Vietnamese and Korean are two languages in the ______ family.

A. Indo-European

B. Sino-Tibetan

C. Hamito-Semitic

D. Malayo-Polynesian

Key: B

10. A _______ is the minimal contrastive unit in the writing system of a language.

A. morpheme

B. phoneme

C. grapheme

D. letter

Key: C

11.All mono-morphemic words are constituted by free morphemes, and those

poly-morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called_________.

A. hyponyms

B. compounds

C. blends

D. allomorphs

Key: B

12.The requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes

which stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or categories is called _______.

A. concord

B. government

C. recursiveness

D. cohesion

Key: A

13. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a

part of another is called _____.

A. blending

B. clipping

C. acronymy

D. compounding

Key: A

14. The distinction of ?linguistic potential‘ and ?actual linguistic behavior‘ is

proposed by _______.

A. N. Chomsky

B. F. de Saussure

C. M. A. Halliday

D. J. Austin

Key: C

15. The word meaning given in the dictionary is called _____ meaning.

A. denotative

B. connotative

C. collective

D. stylistic

Key: A

16. When we consider the variation relating to what a user is trying to do with

language, we are dealing with addressee relationship—continually categorized as ―______‖.

A. tenor of discourse

B. mode of discourse

C. field of discourse

D. idiolect

Key: A

17. According to words‘ structures, Turkish is a typical ______ language.

A. isolating

B. fusional

C. analytic

D. agglutinative

Key: D

18. ______ refer to the fact that one type of utterance is typically followed by a

special type of utterance.

A. Minimal pairs

B. Illocutionary acts

C. Social dialects

D. Adjacency pairs

Key: D

19. The relation between ―dead‖ and ―alive‖ is labeled as ________.

A. gradability

B. complementarity

C. hyponymy

D. homonymy

Key: B

20. The words ―encore‖ and ―au pair‖ are loanwords from _______.

A. French

B. German

C. Italian

D. Spanish

Key: A

21. The distinction of langue and parole is proposed by______.

a. N. Chomsky

b. F. de Saussure

c. M. A. Halliday

d. J. Austin Key: b

22.Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of

language?

a. native English words

b. borrowed words

c. echoic words

d. one-syllable words

Key: c

23.Which of the following feature cannot be used to describe the phone [s]?

a. voiceless

b. oral

c. alveolar

d. lateral Key: d

24.In terms of place of articulation, the two consonants [f], [v] are ________.

a. dental

b. alveolar

c. palatal

d. labiodental Key: d

25.In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] are

________.

a. affricates

b. fricatives

c. bilabial

d. oral stops Key: d

26.Which of the following statements about allophone is NOT correct?

a. Allophones are different forms of the same phoneme

b. Allophones of the same phoneme are in complementary distribution.

c. Allophones distinguish meaning.

d. Allophones are language specific.

Key: c

27.Which of the following words is not a free morpheme?

a. able

b. pet

c. change

d. dusty

Key: d

28.How many morphemes are there in the word discharged?

a. 2

b. 3

c. 4

d. 5

Key: b

29.Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes only?

a. happiness

b. television

c. ecology

d. teacher

Key: c

30. Language is passed on from one generation to the next by teaching and learning

rather than by instinct. This property of language is called_____.

a. interchangeability

b. productivity

c. cultural transmission

d. arbitrariness

Key: c

31.The famous quotation from Shakespeare‘s play Romeo and Juliet?A rose by

any other name would smell as sweet‘ well illustrates _______.

A. the conventional nature of language

B. the creative nature of language

C. the universality of language

D. the big difference between human language and animal communication Key: A

32.Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to

the sequential rules in English.

A. kibl

B. bkil

C. ilkb

D. ilbk

Key: A

33.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula ―S→

NP VP‖.

A. hierarchical

B. linear

C. tree diagram

D. vertical Key: B

34.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case

recipient should stay adjacent to each other.

A. Case Condition

B. Case Parameter

C. Adjacent Condition

D. Adjacent Parameter

Key: C

35. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.

A. phoneme

B. word

C. phrase

D. sentence Key: D

36. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.

A. commisives

B. directives

C. expressives

D. declaratives Key: A

37. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.

A. synchronic

B. diachronic

C. comparative

D. historical comparative

Key: B

38. The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______, and kin term.

A. title+first name

B. title+title

C. title alone

D. first name+last name+title

Key: C

39. Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in

some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as ―subvocal speech,‖ and speech as ―_______‖.

A. vocal thought

B. subvocal thought

C. covert thought

D. overt thought

Key: D

40.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?

A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation.

B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings.

C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.

D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.

Key: A

41. The words ―kowtow‖ and ―tea ‖ are loanwords from _______.

A. Chinese

B. German

C. Italian

D. Spanish

Key: A

42. The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.

A. synchronic

B. diachronic

C. comparative

D. historical comparative

Key: B

43. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another is called _____.

A. blending

B. clipping

C. acronymy

D. compounding Key: A

44. According to words‘ structures, Latin is a typical ______ language.

A. isolating

B. fusional

C. analytic

D. agglutinative Key: B

45. The relation between ―animal‖ and ―lamb‖ is labeled as ________.

A. gradability

B. complementarity

C. hyponymy

D. homonymy

Key: C

46. One of the property of language is that there is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. This property of language is called________.

A. duality

B. productivity

C. displacement

D. arbitrariness Key: D

47. The________ function refers to the use of language to create certain feelings in the hearer.

A. phatic

B. directive

C. evocative

D. performative Key: A

48. The _______ meaning of a word consists of the associations it acquires on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment.

A. associative

B. affective

C. stylistic

D. collocative

Key: D

49. When –or in editor is removed to get a verb edit, we call this way of creating words ________.

A. suffixation

B. back-formation

C. blending

D. acronymy

Key:

50. The relation between ―rose‖ and ―flower‖ is labeled as ________.

A. gradability

B. complementarity

C. hyponymy

D. homonymy

Key: C

51. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by __________.

A. duality

B. productivity

C. displacement

D. arbitrariness Key: C

52. When language is used to get the hearer to do something, then it serves a _______ function.

A. directive

B. informative

C. interrogative

D. expressive

53. The description of a language at some point in time is a ________ study.

A. diachronic

B. synchronic

C. descriptive

D. prescriptive Key: B

54. The distinction between ―competence‖ and ―performance‖ was made by______ .

A. N. Chomsky

B. F. de Saussure

C. M. A. Halliday

D. L. Bloomfield

Key: A

55. According to the places of articulation, sounds in English such as [t], [l], and[z] can be labeled as _______ ones.

A. dental

B. bilabial

C. velar

D. alveolar

Key: D

56. According to the morphological analysis, the underlined part in the word ―inter nation alism‖ should be regarded as a ___________ .

A. root

B. stem

C. prefix

D. suffix

Key: B

57. Words such as ―telex‖ and ―workfare‖ are creat ed through ___________.

A. affixation

B. compounding

C. conversion

D. blending

Key: D

58. According to the syntactic construction analysis, simple sentence such as ―John is a student.‖ belongs to __________construction.

A. endocentric

B. exocentric

C. coordinate

D. subordinate Key: B

59. The sense relationship between ―male‖ and ―female‖ is _________.

A. complementarity

B. gradability

C. relational opposites

D. hyponymy Key: A

60. Componential analysis is a method of analyzing________ meaning.

A. sentence

B. lexical

C. grammatical

D. utterance

Key: B

II. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)?

1. A sentence cannot be a word or a fragment in strict sense, but an utterance can

be a word or a fragment of a sentence. T/F

Key: T

2.It doesn‘t make sense to ask what language a sentence belongs to. T/F

Key: F

3. A stem first of all refers to any morpheme or combination of morphemes, but an

affix can be added to it. T/F

Key: T

4.Every word in a language can find at least one referent in the objective world.

T/F

Key: F

5.In most cases, lexicon means vocabulary and is related to the analysis and

creation of words, idioms and collocations. T/F

Key: T

6.The use of the term ?implicature‘ is different from ?implication‘ in that it usually

indicates a rather narrowly defined logical relationship between two propositions. T/F

Key: F

7. A phrase means two or more words in sequence, intended to have meaning, that

form a syntactic unit that is less than a complete sentence. It is actually synonymous with word group. T/F

Key: F

8.Collocation is a term in lexicology used by some linguists to refer to the

habitual co-occurrences of individual lexical items, or collocates. This relation of co-occurrence usually cannot be accounted for. T/F

Key: T

9.In order to understand how conversational principles work, we may consider

how each maxim actually works and how people observe these maxims in daily communication. T/F

Key: T

10.Syntax studies the rules which govern the ways words, word groups and phrases

are combined to make grammatical sentences in a language, i.e. it deals with the relationships between elements in sentence structures. T/F

Key: T

11.Even in modern society, the primary medium is sound for all languages, and

the fact that children acquire spoken language first before they can read or write also indicates that language is primarily vocal.

Key: T

12.The defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal

system of communication are termed design features.

Key: T

13.There are other channels, besides language, for communicating our thoughts,

so language is only one aspect of semiotics.

Key: T

14.Modern linguistics regards the spoken language as primary, written language

as secondary.

Key: T

15.Descriptive linguistics aims to lay down rules for ?correct‘ language use, i.e.,

to tell people what they should say and what should not say.

Key: F

16.Phonology is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of

speech sounds and their patterns.

Key: F

17.The case category is used in the analysis of word classes to identify the

syntactic relationship between words in a sentence.

Key: T

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/996098767.html,nguage is genetically transmitted.

Key: F

19.The grammar taught today to language learners is still basically descriptive. Key: F

20.All the sounds produced by human are speech sounds.

Key: F

21.Generally speaking, pragmatics can be understood as a branch of linguistic

study that deals with the factors that govern our choice of language in social interaction and the effects of our choice on others.

Key: T

22.[f], [v], [s], [z], [?] and [±] are all fricative in English, but [?] and [±] are

alveolar while [f] and [v] are dental.

Key: F

23.In most cases, sentence is synonymous with utterance.

Key: F

24.Syntax exclusively deals with the study of the interrelationships between

elements in sentence structure, and it has nothing to do with exploring the syntactic relation beyond sentence boundary.

Key: F

25.The London School proposed a functional approach towards the concept of

phoneme, and N. Trubetzkoy made the greatest contribution to the related study.

Key: F

26.A phoneme in a language is a distinctive sound which is capable of

distinguishing one word or one shape of a word from another.

Key: T

27.Every language is part of a culture, and it cannot but serve and reflect cultural

needs.

Key: T

28.Sentence can be extended either by conjoining or embedding, and a

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统计学试题及答案文件排版存档编号：[UYTR-OUPT28-KBNTL98-UYNN208]

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