近五年高考英语128个核心单词必考短语大汇总提分必备

近五年高考英语128个核心单词必考短语大汇总提分必备

今天，老师给大家总结的是近五年高考128个核心单词的必考短语，大家一定要掌握！

1.absorb be absorbed in 全神贯注于be absorbed by/with 入神地研究

2. accompany accompany sb to 陪…到…accompany sb at/on…用…给…伴奏be accompanied by/with…与…同时发生/存在、兼带、附有

in the accompany of sb 在…的陪伴下

3. account account for 说明…的原因/占on account of 由于/因为take account of sth 考虑/顾及…take sth into account 考虑/顾及…

4. accuse accuse sb of (doing) sth 指控…做…

5. accustom accustom oneself to sth 使…习惯于…be accustomed to sth 习惯于…be accustomed to doing sth 习惯于做…get/become/grow accustomed to sth 适应/习惯于…

6. acknowledge acknowledge doing sth 承认做了…acknowledge sth as/to be 认为某事…

7. act act as 充当/扮演act for 代理/代表act out （用手势/动作）表示出

来act on /upon 起作用/生效act against 违反

8.add add to 增加/增添add…to 把…加到…add up 加起来add up to 总计/共in addition另外in addition to 此外/除此以外

9. adapt adapt to 适应(=adjust to) adapt oneself to 使…自己适应/习惯于adapt sth for sth 改变…以便在不同的情况下使用adapt from 根据…改写/改编

10. adjust adjust to 适应

11. admit admit doing sth 承认做…be admitted to 准许（入学等）admit one’s mistake 承认错误

12.advise advise doing sth 建议做…advise sb (not) to do sth 建议…做/不做…advise that sb( should )do 建议…应做…

13. afford afford to do sth 有能力做…afford sth 买得起…afford sb sth 为…提供…

13.agree agree with sb/one`s opinion /what one said 同意某人的意见/观点/看法agree to sth 同意某物agree on sth （双方）就…达成共识agree to do sth同意做…

15. allow allow sb to do sth 允许…做…allow doing sth 允许做…allow for 考虑、顾及allow of 容许/有可能allow sb in /up /out 允许…进/起来/出去

16. appeal appeal to/for 恳求/强烈呼吁 appeal against（提出）上诉appeal to （某物）使喜欢/吸引/使感兴趣

17. apply apply to sb /sth 适用于/运用于apply to sb for help 请求…帮助apply oneself to sth 专心于…apply one’s mind to sth 专心于…apply a theory to practice 把理论运用于实践apply for a job提出工作申请

18. apologize apologize to sb for (doing) sth 为（做）…向…道歉make an apologize to sb for( doing) sth为（做）…向…道歉

19. argue argue with sb about/over sth 与…辩论…argue for 为…而辩护argue against 辩驳\反驳argue sb into/out of doing sth 劝说…做/不做20. attach attach sth to sth 将…与…相联系attach omeself to sb /sth 加入/依附attach sb to sb /sth 使隶属于…be attached to 依恋/留恋

21. attempt attempt to do sth 试图/尝试做…make an attempt to do sth试图做…make an attempt on/upon sth 试图夺取…make an attempt at doing sth 试图做…

22. attend attend to attend on /uponbe attended by

23. believe believe in 信任、信仰 beyond believe 难以置信believe it or not 信不信由你

24. blame blame sb for (doing) sth 因…责备…be to blame (for…)应承担责任/该受到责备

25. break break down 中断/分解/出故障break up 分解/散开/打碎break in 闯入/打断/插嘴break into 闯入/强行进入break off 中断/绝交/休息一下break out 发生/爆发break through 突破break open 以暴力启开break away from逃走/脱离 break in tears 突然大哭起来without /with a break 不停的/休息一会儿break into laughter突然大笑起来

26. bring bring in 获利/赚钱/提出/获得(收成等) bring out 出版/阐明bring on 使发生/引起bring up提出/抚养/呕吐bring down击落/推翻bring about 使发

生/造成bring sb sth /bring sth to /for sb 带给…某物bring back归还/记起bring sb/oneself to do sth 使某人/自己做…bring …to an end 结束

27. burn burn down 烧毁/烧光/烧为平地burn up 烧掉/烧毁/越烧越旺burn off 烧

掉burn out （使）烧坏、烧光burn with 有（强烈的情绪或要求）burn…to sth 将…烧成…状态

28. burst burst into sth 突然…起来 burst into doing sth 突然开始做…burst out doing sth 突然开始做…burst open 猛然被推开

29. call call at sp 到(某地)拜访call back 回电话call in 请(进来)/召

集call on /upon 拜访/呼吁call up 打电话/使…想起call for 需要/要求call out 大声喊叫 call forth 唤起/引起/招致call after 以…的名字命名call on sb to do sth呼吁/号召…做…

30. care care for 喜欢/关心/照顾照看care about 担心焦虑

31. charge charge for 收费/要价charge sb with sth 控告charge into /down…冲进（向…下跑去） charge a battery 给电池充电free of charge 免费的/地in/under one’s charge 由…负责in the charge of 由…负责 get charged 导电take charge of /in charge of 主管/掌管on charge 在充电at one’s own charge 自费/用自己的钱

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a19331667.html,pare compare…with 把…与…相比compare…to 把…比作…compared with /to 与…相比（在句中作状语）

33. come come about 产生/发生come along 过来/跟着来come on 加

油come after 跟在…后面come into being 形成/产生come out 出来/开花/出版come to 共计/达到come over to 造访/来访come up to 到达/比得上/不亚于come to know 逐渐认识come to a stop /an end 结束/停止come into force /effect 生效come into power /office 上任 come across 偶然碰到come to oneself /come back to life苏醒过来come at 袭击come down 下来/败落come true 变为现实come up with 提出/想出（计划、答复等）come into use开始使用come up 引起注意/走近/发生/考虑come up against 碰到/遭到（反对）

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a19331667.html,plain complain to sb of /about sth 向…抱怨…complain of doing sth 抱怨做…

35. concern concern (oneself)about /for 担忧、关心concern (oneself) with /in 从事、参与be concerned about /over /for 关心、挂念be concerned with /in 牵扯到、与…有关be concerned with /in 牵扯到、与…有关show /express concern about /for 对…表示关心

36. conclude conclude from 从…得出结论

37. consider consider sb to be/as认为…是…consider doing sth 考虑做…

38. consist consist of由…构成consist in 在于、存在于convince:convince sb of sth 使…相信…convince sb to do 说服…做…convince sb that 使…确

信…be convinced of /that…确信

39. cut cut off 切断/砍掉cut up 切碎cut in 插嘴cut out 割断/剪下/戒除cut short 缩短/打断cut through 抄近路/穿过/剪断cut down 砍/削减/减

少cut back 缩减

40. date date back to 追溯到…date from 追溯到…out of date 过时的/陈旧的up to date现在的/最新的to date到目前为止the date line 国际日期变更线

41. demand demand of sb to do sth要求…做…demand sth of/from sb 向…要求…demand to do sth 要求做…in great demand 急需demand that sb（should）do sth 要求…做…

42. deny deny doing 否认做过…deny sth to be 否认…是...

43. desire have a strong /no desire to do 极想/不想做at one's desire 应…的要求desire that sb (should) do希望…做desire to do渴望做…

leave nothing to be desired 完美无缺desire sb to do 希望…做…

44. develop develop…into 发展/长成为…develop…from /out of 由…发展起来develop a film 冲洗胶卷develop mind and body 身心发展develop a new business 发展新事业

45. devote devote to (doing)sth 献身于/专心于devote oneself to把…献给devote one’s life /time to 把…用在be devoted to 专心致志于/忠于/很喜欢

46. die die out 灭绝/完全消失/绝迹die of 死于die from 死于 die for 为…而死die

away (音/风/光)渐渐消失die down 逐渐减弱/平息die off 相继死去die hard (旧习惯等)难改变/消去be dying for 渴望/极想

47. do do for 使完蛋 /足够/合适do up 收拾、打扮、扣上、系上do with 处理、对付do without 不用、不要do over 重做/装饰do out 清扫/清理do all one can to do sth 尽力做…do sth up 修理/重新装修do all that one can to do sth 尽力做…do oneself up 梳妆/打扮自己do what(ever) one can to do sth 尽力做…do away with 除掉、结束、杀死do everthing one can to do sth 尽力做…do (vi) 够、合适

48. dress dress sb /oneself 给…（自己）穿衣服 dress up 穿上盛装dress (sb)up as sb /sth 打扮成…dress sth up 修饰、掩饰be dressed in 穿着…

49. drive drive off 迫使…离开/击退/用车把…接走drive in 乘坐drive …into …把…打进…drive sb mad 使…发疯drive sb out of one’s mind 使…丧失理智50. drop drop out (of) 不参加/退出/辍学drop off（数量）减少/（价格）降低drop to 下降到drop in on sb 顺便拜访..drop into a deep sleep 陷入酣睡中drop history 不学/不选修历史

51. engage engage sb to sb 使…与…订婚get /be engaged to sb 与…订婚engage oneself to do sth 自愿做…be engaged in (doing) sth 忙于（做）…engage with 连接、使吻合

52. equip equip sb/sth with sth 用…装备…equip sb for 使…有能力胜任…sb be equipped to do sth 使某人有能力做…

53. expand expand in /into 把…扩展/发展/膨胀 expand on sth 阐述/评述

54. fail fail to do sth 未能做…fail in doing sth 干…失败fail in an exam 考试没及格without fail 一定/务必

55. fall fall behind 落后fall down 掉下/倒塌/下降/失败fall into the habit of 染上…的习惯fall in love with sb 爱上…fall to pieces 倒塌/崩溃fall to the ground 跌倒在地fall ill /sick /asleep /silent 生病/入睡/不吱声 a heavy fall of rain 一场大雨have many falls 跌了很多跤

56. feed feed…on sth /feed sth to …用…喂…feed on sth 以…为食feed back 反馈

57. fight fight for 为…而战fight against 与…作战fight with 与…作战/共同

对付 fight over 为…而争吵

58. fit fit in (with) 与…相适应/协调fit sb /sth in (sth) 安排某人/某事fit sb /sth out with sth 向…提供所需的东西fit sb up for sth 诬陷…（犯某事）be fit for 适合某事be fit to do sth 适合做…

59. forbid forbid doing sth 禁止做…forbid sb to do sth 禁止…做…

60. force force sb to do sth 强迫…做…force…open 强行打开…force…into…迫使…进入…force sth from/out of sb 从…强行夺取…force one's way 强行前进/挤过 do…with force 用力做…by force 用暴力 by force of 借…之力the air force 空军labour force 劳力come into force 实施（法律等）

61. get get across 传播/使人理解get about 走动/（消息等）传开get ahead 获得成功/取得进展/领先get along (with) 进展/相处get around /round 走动/传开/克服/设法回避get at 到达（某地）/挖苦（某人）get away (from) 逃走get back 回来get down 写下get into 进入/陷入get off 从…下来 get on 上车/马/飞机get out 逃出/泄露/出版/发表get over 从…恢复/克服/解决get through 完成/打通/度过get together 聚会get up起床get rid of 摆脱get hold of 抓住get charged /killed /lost /married /paid / 导电/被杀/丢失/结婚/得到报酬get burnt /broken /damaged /robbed /drunk / hurt / asked 被烧/摔坏/受损/被抢劫/醉酒/受伤/被问及get to 到达get a cold 感冒get down to (doing) sth 开始认真做…get in touch with 与…取得联系get into( a habit of …) 养成…的习惯get into trouble 陷入困境get ready准备

好get sth done 使…被做get angry /wet /dirty 生气/变湿/弄脏 get close to 接近/靠近

62.give give sth back 归还/送还give in (to sb /sth) 投降/屈服/让步give sth in =hand in sth 呈交give (sb /sth) away 泄露/捐赠/赠送give off 发出气味/热气等give up (doing) sth 放弃(做)…give out 分发/用完/耗尽/发出(声音

63.go go wrong /bad / blind /hungry 出错/变坏/变瞎/饥饿

64. guarantee guaranee sb /sth against /from保证…不受/免遭guarantee sth to sb 向…担保/保证

65. hand hand in 上交hand out 分发/散发hands up 举手hand in hand 手拉手at

hand 在手边/附近、即将到来in hand 在手中shake hands with sb 和…握手by hand 用手工give sb a free hand 放手让…

干…first/second hand 亲手/二手

66. help help sb (to)do sth 帮助…做…help sb with sth帮助…做…can’t help doing 禁不住做…can’t help to do 不能帮忙做…can’t help but do 不得不做help oneself to 随便、自取help sb out 帮助…摆脱困境with the help of 在…的帮助下67. hesitate hesitate about doing sth对做…犹豫不决 hesitate to do sth 对做…犹豫不决hesitate about /over sth对做…犹豫不决hesitate in speaking 说话吞吞吐吐without hesitation 毫不犹豫

68. hold hold up 举起/支撑/阻挡/使停顿hold back 阻止/抑制/退缩/踌躇hold out 伸出/坚持/维持/提供 hold to 坚持（方向/原

则）hold on 继续/不挂断坚持下去/等

候hold on to 抓住不放hold sb /sth up 延误某人/某物

69. imagine imagine doing sth 想象做imagine one’s doing sth 想象…做

70. impress impress…on 给…留下…印/把…印在…上be impressed by /with /at 被…所感动be impressed on one’smind /memory 印在…的脑海里make /leave a /an…impression on sb 给…留下…印象

71. insist insist that sb (should) do 坚持要求做…insist on doing sth 坚持要求做…

72.intend intend to do sth 打算做…intend sb to do sth 打算让…做…intend sth for sb /sth 为…而计划be intended for 为…打算/设计的intend sth by sth 通过…意指…intend sth as sth 意欲…成为…

73. judge judge sb /sth by sth 以…判定/评价judge sb /sth to be 估计…是…judging by /from 根据…来判断as far as one can judge 据我看来in one’s judgement 依…看

74. keep keep out 置身于…之外/不让…进来keep on doing sth 继续做…keep off 推迟/避开/挡住keep from 阻止/隐瞒/使不做…keep up 保持/继续 keep up with 跟上/不落在后面keep to 遵守/信守/坚持keep down 压制/镇压/控制keep back 阻止/揶制/隐瞒/保留keep at 继续做keep an eye out for sb /sth 提防/警觉

/留心keep an eye on 照看/照料

75. knock knock about 冲击、接连打击knock down 击倒、拆除knock in 敲

击knock into 将…敲进、强行灌输knock out 敲击、击倒、打败knock over 打翻、推翻、撞到knock up 敲门叫醒 knock together 相撞knock against 撞到、遇

到knock off 敲落、中断knock…out of 从…中敲出

76. lay lay aside 留待后用/把…搁在一旁/储存lay down 放下/规定/交出/制定lay off 解雇/停止/休息/不理会/使失业lay the table 摆桌子lay out 布置/安排/铺开/展开/摆出 lay down one’s life for 为…而牺牲lay the foundation of 奠定…的基础

77. leave leave out 省去/遗漏/不考虑leave alone 不打扰/不干预leave behind 不带/忘了带 leave off 停止/中断leave for 动身去…leave sb doing…让…做…leave sth as it is /they are 听其自然发展leave /let …be 别

管leave sth with sb 把…暂时托付给…leave sth to /for sb 把…留给…leave sb sth把…留给…leave sth open 让…开着

78. lead lead to sth /to doing sth 导致/造成 lead sb to do sth导致…做…lead sb to sp引…到…去

79. live live with 和…一起生活/容忍/忍受住live up to 遵守、符

合live through 度过、经受住、经历…后还活者live on 以…为食 /继续活着live for 以…为生活目标live off 依赖…生活live out one’s dream 实现梦想live and let live 宽容别人live by( doing …)通过…（手段）谋生/按…的规律生活

80.look look back on /up 回顾/回想look down on 蔑视/看不起look for 寻

找look forward to 期望/盼望look into 调查look on…as 把…看作…look out 当心/小心look over 快速查看look through 审核/仔细查看look up 查阅、向上看look after 照顾/照料look around round 环顾、四处看看look at 看/注视look like /as if 看起来像/好像

81. make make up 捏造/虚构/和解/占（比例）/化妆make for 向…前进/有利于make up for 补偿/弥补make it 成功/达到目标 make…into…把…制成…make sb /sth out 认出…make out 辨认/理解/认出/填写 /设法应付/活下去be made of /from

由…制成be made up of 由…组成make off 匆匆离开/逃走make out that…声称/断言 make the most /best of 充分利用make (it) up with sb 和…和好/和

解make ends meet 使收支相抵make (good /full) use of 充分利

用make sense 讲得通/有道理make sense of 懂/了解…的含义make no sense 讲不通/无意义manage: manage without 在没有…的情况下应付过去manage to do 设法做成…

82. marry sb marry sb 娶/嫁sb be /get married to sb娶/嫁给…sb has been married for…结婚…（时间） marry sb to sb把…许配给…

83. motivate motivate sb to do sth

84. need need to do （某人）需要做…need do（某人）需要做…need doing（某物）需要被做…need to be done（某物）需要被做…at need 紧急时more than needs 超过需要meet the needs of 满足…需要be in need of 需

要There’s no need to do /for sth 不需要做…

85. offer offer sb sth 为…提供…offer sth to sb…提供…offer to do sth 主动提出做…offer sb money for sth 出钱向…买…offer sb sth for money 某物卖给…要…钱86. pay pay（money）for 付钱、支付pay back 偿还、报答、报复pay off 还请（债务）、取得成功pay out 花费、支出pay the bill 结帐pay…to sb 付钱给…pay sb for sth 因…给…报酬 pay attention to 注意pay a visit to 访问

87. prefer prefer sth to sth 喜欢…胜于…prefer doing sth to doing sth 宁愿做…而不愿做…prefer sth to sth 喜欢…胜于…prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做…而不愿做…

88. prevent prevent sb from doing sth阻止…做…prevent one’s doing 阻止…做…

89. promise promise sth /to do sth 承诺…/做…promise sb to do sth 许诺…做…promise sb sth /sth to sb 答应某人某事90. provide provide sth for sb 向…提供…provide sb with sth向…提供…provided /providing that…只要 provide agaist 预防/防备provide for 赡养/抚养

93. quit quit (doing) sth 停止做…be quit of 摆脱/脱离/免除

96. reduce reduce to 减少到reduce by减少了

99. require require sth of sb要求某人某事require sb to do sth 要求…做…(sth) requires doing /to be done（某物）需要被做require that sb (should)do 要求…做…

100. respond respond to sb /sth 回答/响应in response to 作为对…的反应

107. send send out 发送/派发/发出（光/热等）send off 给…送行send forth 发出（光/热等）send up 发射/使…上去send sb sth /send sth to sb 送/寄…给…send for 派人去请/拿send sb doing sth 使…做…send sb to do sth派…做…

110. show show sb around /round sth 带领…参观…show off 炫耀for show 为炫耀/装门面on show 展出/展览(=on exhibition)

struggle with/against 与…搏斗

115. suffer suffer from 患…（病）、受…（苦）

118. suspect suspect sb of doing sth 怀疑…做…119. take take off 脱下/起飞/成功/腾飞take after (长相/举止)像…take sth back 收回take sb back to 让…回想/追忆take over 接管 /接收/控制take in 收留/吸收/欺骗/接受/理

解take up 拿起/占地/费时/开始从事/开始学take down 记下/写下take on 呈现 /从事/雇佣/接受/聘用/聘请take to 开始喜欢/从事take apart 把…拆

开take away 带走/拿走 /使消失take out 拿出取出take back 收回1 20. tear tear( sth )apart 撕开tear down 拆掉/拆除tear at 撕/扯tear away（使）勉强离去tear into 攻击/抨击/严厉斥责tear up 撕毁

121. tend tend to do sth 往往容易做…tend to sb 照料/护理…tend to/towards 倾向于/趋于

122. think think of 考虑/想到think of doing sth 打算做..think about 考虑/回想think over 仔细思考think out 想出think highly/well of 对…评价很高think little/poorly/badly of 对…评价好/不好think of…as…把…看作/以为…是What do you think of…? 你认为…怎么样？

124. treat treat …as 视…为…treat sb (for sth) 治疗某人treat sb /oneself to sth 请…/自己吃…treat sb fairly /badly 无情/公平地对待125. turn turn around /round 转过身/转过来turn away 回绝/把…打发走/转过脸turn up 调大出面/调大turn down 关小/调低/拒绝turn in 上缴/退

还turn into 变成turn off 关掉turn on 打开turn out (to be)/that…结果是…turn over 翻过来/移交/翻阅turn to 转向/求助于/查阅/依赖 turn back 折回/往回走turn about 转身 take turns to do sth 轮流做…in turn 轮流/依次/反过来by turns 轮流地

127. wear wear sth away 磨损/用光/消失wear sb /sth down 削弱wear off 变弱/消失wear sb out 使…筋疲力尽wear sth out 使耗尽/破损sth be worn out …破了

128. work work at 从事于work on 从事于/继续工作work in 加进/插

入work out 算出/结果/锻炼work off 排除/发泄work up 使激动/逐步建立work over 逼供/拷问work with 与…共事out of work 失业at work 在工作/在起作用

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14. collect accounts收账；open an account 开账户；keep accounts 记账; account for说明; give a full account of 做一个完整的说明; on account of=beca us e of 因为accounting department会计室； 15 .acc us e sb. of…控告某人charge sb. with sth. 起诉某人blame sb. for sth. 责备某人 16. be acc us tomed to sth.( to doing sth.)=be used to sth.(to doing sth.)习惯于做某事 17. have some acquaintance with 熟悉；熟知He is just an acquaintance 18 .come (run) across （偶然）碰到=meet with ; get sth. across 使人理解；领会 19. act as充当，担任act out 表演（对话、故事）；把。。。付诸于行动act on(upon) 对。。。起作用 20 .catch sb. (in the act of) doing sth. 抓住某人干某事；take action 采取行动 21. be active in 在…积极take an active part in 积极参加lead an active life过着积极的生活 22. adapt oneself to 使自己适应adapt sth. to 使某物适应adapt from 根据。。。改写 23. add in 包括；添加；加进去add to 增加；加强add…to 把。。。加到。。。上

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下落，下沉。如： The sun is going down. 太阳西下。 Three ships went down in the storm. 风暴中有三艘船沉没。 下降，降低，减低，减弱。如： The standard of work has gone down. 工作标准降低了。 We waited for the wind to go down. 我们等待风势减弱。 Eggs are going down in price. / The price of eggs is going down. 鸡蛋价格下跌了。

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A across from 在对面 act a part 假装 add up to 达到(数字) all to once 忽然；突然 all but (＝almost) 几乎，差点 apart from 除…外还 apply one’s mind to 专心于 ask after 问候 at a loss 不知所措；困惑不解 at the risk of 冒着…危险 at one time 曾经 at a time 一次，每次 at times 有时 Are u kidding? 开玩笑吧? above all 最重要 account for解释说明 around the clock整天不间断,一天24小时不停 as a matter of fact事实上 at sb`s service愿意为某人效劳 (at)the entrance to… (在)...入口处 as long ago as追溯到,早在 as a (general) rule一般地说来 answer the invitation 答复邀请 allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事 at the invitation of sb.应某人的邀请advise sb. to do sth.劝说某人去做某事ahead of time 提前 accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 指责，指控某人作某事 apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉 B back and forth 来来往往；（前后）来回地burst into 闯进 be absent from 不在；缺席 be absorbed in 全神贯注于 be aware of 意识到 be better off 境况好 be blind to …对…视而不见be burdened with…负重 be engaged in 忙于；致力于 be favourable to 有助于；有力于 be responsible for 对…负责；是…原因be satisfied with 对…满意 by accident 偶然地；意外地 by all means 通过各种方法；一定要 by and by 不久以后；很快的 by no means 无论如何，决不 be named after sb. 以某人的名字命名 be taken into account 被考虑到 be accustomed to习惯于 be attached to对…有感情 be bound for去…地方 be in the dark蒙在鼓里,不知道 be made of money很有钱 be sick of对…负责任 be tied up in忙于做… be up to sb. 由某人来决定 be supposed to do (同should) bulletin board广告栏,布告栏 by all means当然 brief and to the point 简单扼要的；简洁的be trapped in …被困在... be equipped with 装备 be cross with/at sb. 生某人的气 be at war with…与…处于战争状态 be in safe hands 在可靠的人那里 behind time 晚，迟到 burst out 突然冒出 ┏but for 若没有 ┣can’t but do 只能 ┗the first line but two 第三厅 ┏be tired of …厌倦，厌烦(精神上) ┗be tired from/with…因...疲劳(体力上) C come into being 产生；存在 compare …to…把…比作…compare…with…把…与…进行比较congratulate sb. on …就…祝贺某人count on/upon 指望；依靠 cross out 除去；勾销