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2019年中考英语必背语法总结精华(打印版)

2019年中考英语必背语法总结精华(打印版)
2019年中考英语必背语法总结精华(打印版)

2019年中考英语必背语法总结精华

(名师总结,值得下载背诵)

中考英语名师为广大考生提供了2019年中考英语必背语法总结精华,这些精品句型涵盖了初中三年涉及到的重点语法知识。初中英语难学吗?我们从小就开始接触英语,有人说我们学的“哑巴英语”,在这里启达君要说一下语法知识。语法知识是在掌握一定量的

单词和短语的基础上才能获得的。因此,单词的形态变化是语法学习的基础之基础。而八种基本时态和含有不复杂的状语从句、定语从句及宾语从句的复合句是初中生学习的重点也是语法学习的难点。这篇文章整理了中考英语核心语法6大词性、8大时态、3大从句,你值得拥有,希望能够帮助到你。总之,语法部分是英语学习的重点和难点。语法知识掌握得好,将大大加快英语学习的进程。本文归纳了六

大词性、八种基本时态以及初中生需要掌握三种基本从句。希望对广大中学生们有所帮助。(下载下来,每天进行背诵,英语水平将迅速提高,考场加10-20分很轻松!)

一. 词法

1. 名词

(1)名词的可数与不可数

可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数

目,来统计,都成为不可数名词。

不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念,就须加 a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词,在英语里却不可数。如:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news 等。

(2)名词复数的规则变化

A.一般情况下加-s。

B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es

C.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es

D.以f,fe结尾的,去掉f或fe,变成v再加-es

(3)名词的所有格

,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加’s

A. 单数名词词尾加’s

如:the worker's bike,the Children’ s ball

B. 表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后’ s。

如:This is Lucy and Licy’ s room.

These are Kate's and jack’ s rooms.

C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词,只加’。

,the girls’ blouses

如:the students’ books

(另外:名词+of+名词名词是有生命的,我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。)

2. 代词

人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词

(1)人称代词

第一人称单数

I me my mine myself

复数we us our ours ourselves

第二人称

单数you you your yours yourself

复数you you your yours yourselves

第三人称

单数he him his his himself

she her her hers herself

it it its its itself

复数they them their theirs themselves

(2)物主代词

物主代词的用法:形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词;

名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。

(3)反身代词

反身代词的构成分两种:第一、二人称反身代词在形容词性物主代词后加上self或selves,第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves.

反身代词的用法:一种是作宾语,由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身。如:I enjoyed myself at the party. 另一种是作名词或代词的同位语;用来加强语气。如:I can do it myself.

(4)指示代词

指示代词的特殊用法:

(1)为了避免重复,可用that,those代替前面提到过的名词,但是this,these 不可以。

(2)this,that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分。

(5)不定代词

one,some,any,other,another,all,both,each,neither,many,much等

3. 冠词

(1)不定冠词an用在元音读音开头(不是指元音字母)的词前,其余用不定冠词a.

(2)定冠词的基本用法

A. 用在重新提到的人或事物前面。

B. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面。

C. 用在单数可数名词前面,表示某一类人或事物。

(3)定冠词的特殊用法

A. 用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前。

B. 用在序数词、形容词的最高级及only所修饰的名词前。

C. 用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面。

D. 用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面。

E. 用在姓氏的复数形式前面,表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。

F. 用在乐器名称前。

G. 和某些形容词连用,表示某一类人或事物。

(4)名词前不用冠词的情况

A. 在专有名词(包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节) 、物质名词和抽象名词前—般不用冠词。但在以Festival组成的民间节日前要加the。

B. 表示一类人或事物的复数名词前。

C. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时,不用冠

词。

D. 三餐饭、球类、棋类、游戏名称前一般不用冠词。正在有些词组中,有

无冠词含义不同。

(sit) at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌边

go to school去上学;go to the school去那所学校;in hospital住院;in the hospital 在那个医院里

4. 数词

(1)数字的表示

三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and。

1,000以上的数字,从后向前第三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand,第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion。

(2)序数词除了first,second,third外,其余都在基数词尾加-th构成。

(3)分数分子在前,分母在后,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大

于1小时,分母序数词要变成复数。

(4)hundreds(thousands,millions)of……

5. 形容词、副词

(1)形容词的位置

A. 形容词作定语一般要放在名词前面,但当形容词修饰不定代词

something,nothing,anything时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后。如:something important,nothing serious。

B. 当形容词带有表示度量的词或词组作定语或表语时,定语或表语要后置。如:

We have dug a hole two meters deep.

The hole is about two metres deep.

(2)形容词的比较等级

单音节词和少数双音节词,在词尾加—(e)r,—(e)st来构成比较级和最高级。其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级。如:popular———more popular———most popular

important—more important—most important

(3)副词的比较等级

单音节副词和个别双音节副词通过加-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。绝大

多数副词借助more,most来构成比较级和最高级。

(4)少数形容词和副词比较级/最高级的不规则变化:

原级比较级最高级

well —— better —— best

badly —— worse —— worst

much —— more —— most

little —— less —— least

far —— farther —— farthest

farthest furthest

late —— later —— latest

(5)副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词the。

6. 介词

(1)表示时间的介词及介词短语

in, at, on, before,after,till,since,for, fromto, until,by,in the middle of,at the beginning of,at the end of,at half past five,at night,in a week,in the morning,in class,at sunrise,in spring/summer/autumn/winter,on Sunday,on Saturday afternoon,on a winter evening,for a long time,for two months,after school,since liberation,before lunch,at the time of,at the age of (2)表示地点的介词及介词短语

in,at,into,to,on,beside,before,behind,above,under,outside, inside, up, from, far, from, near, across,off,down,among,past,between,out of,around,in the front of,in the middle of,at the back of,at the foot of,at home,at the gate,at the table,in the sky,on the ground,in a tree,in the south,in the

,by the side of

sun,in the bed,on one’s way home

二. 八种基本时态

1.一般现在时

概念: 表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。

常和always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表时间的状语连用。

如:1) I go to school every day . 我每天都去学校。(表经常)

2) He is always like that . 他总是那样。(表状态)

构成:1) 主语+ be (am / are / is ) +……

2) 主语+ 实义动词/三单动词+ …

2.一般过去时

概念: 1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.

常和表示过去的时间状语连用. 如: yesterday , last week , in 1998 , two days ago等.

如: I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一场电影.

2) 也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作.

如: He always went to work by bike last week.

构成: 1) 主语+ be (was / were ) +……

2) 主语+ 实义动词过去式+

3.现在进行时

概念: 表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作.

如: He is singing.

They are watching TV now.

构成: 主语+ 助动词be(am/are/is) + 动词-ing形式构成.

4.过去进行时

概念: 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作. 这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外,一般用时间状语来表示.

如: 1) ---What were you doing?

---I was jumping.

2) ---What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived?

---He was sleeping.

构成: 主语+ 助动词be(was/were) + 动词-ing形式构成.

5.一般将来时

概念:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如: tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future等.

如: He will go shopping tomorrow.

They are going to play basketball next week.

构成: 1) 主语+ 助动词will + 动原+…

2) 主语+ be going to + 动原+ ….

6. 过去将来时

概念: 表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态.

构成: 1) 主语(第一人称) + 助动词should + 动原+…

2) 主语+ would + 动原+ ….

3) 主语+ was/ were going to +动原…

用法: 过去将来时除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在间接引语中,主句谓语动词为过去时态.

如: 1) I should go.

2) You knew I would come.

3) They were going to Naning.

7.现在完成时

构成: 主语+ 助动词( have / has ) + 动词过去分词+…

用法例句

表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果. ---Have you had your lunch yet?

---Yes, I have. (现在我不饿了)

8.过去完成时

构成: 主语+ 助动词had + 动词过去分词+…

用法例句

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考16 定语从句(讲解)

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